精選文檔精選文檔一、緒論細(xì)胞英文單詞要求：生理學(xué) physiology內(nèi)環(huán)境 internalenvironment穩(wěn)態(tài) homeostasis負(fù)反饋 negativefeedback正反饋 positivefeedback單純擴散simplediffusion經(jīng)通道易化擴散facilitateddiffusionviaionchannel經(jīng)載體易化擴散facilitateddiffusionviacarrier原發(fā)性主動轉(zhuǎn)運primaryactivetransport繼發(fā)性主動轉(zhuǎn)運secondaryactivetransport出胞exocytosis入胞endocytosis靜息電位restingpostential超極化hyperpolarization極化polarization去極化depolarization超射overshoot復(fù)極化repolarization鋒電位spikepotential閾值threshold跳躍式傳導(dǎo)salutatoryconduction閾電位thresholdpotential局部電位localpotential空間總和spatialsummation時間總和temporalsummation興奮excitation興奮性excitability興奮－收縮耦聯(lián)excitation－contractioncoupling絕對不應(yīng)期absoluterefractoryperiod相對不應(yīng)期relativerefractoryperiod超常期supranormalperiod低常期subnormalperiod終板電位end－platepotential鈣觸發(fā)鈣釋放calciuminducedCa2+release，CICR收縮效能performanceofcontraction等長收縮isometriccontraction等張收縮isotoniccontraction前負(fù)荷preload初長度initiallength最適初長度optimalinitiallength后負(fù)荷afterload

肌肉收縮能力contractility強直收縮 tetanus二、血液循環(huán)英文詞匯要求：cardiaccycleperiodofisovolumiccontractionend-diastolicvolumeejectionfractioncardiacoutputcardiacindexstrokeworkheterometricregulationventricularcompliancehomometricregulationcardiacreserveautorhythmicityinwardrectifierK+channeltransientoutwardcurrentplateaudelayedrectifierK+currentmyocardialcontractilitymaximalrepolarizationpotentialpacemakercurrentlatentpacemakerconductivitypreferentialpathwayatrioventriculardelayelectrocardiogrammeancirculatoryfillingpressureperipheralresistancesystolicpressurediastolicpressurecentralvenouspressuretransmuralpressuremicrocirculationeffectivefiltrationpressurepositivechronotropicactionnegativedromotropicactionpositiveinotropicactioncardiacvagaltone心動周期等容收縮期舒張末期容積射血分?jǐn)?shù)心動周期等容收縮期舒張末期容積射血分?jǐn)?shù)心輸出量心指數(shù)每搏功異長調(diào)節(jié)心室順應(yīng)性等長調(diào)節(jié)心力儲備

自動節(jié)律性

內(nèi)向整流鉀通道

一過性外向電流

平臺期

延遲整流鉀流

心肌收縮能力

最大復(fù)極電位

起搏電流

潛在起搏點傳導(dǎo)性優(yōu)勢傳導(dǎo)通路房-室延擱心電圖循環(huán)系統(tǒng)平均充盈壓外周阻力收縮壓舒張壓中心靜脈壓跨壁壓微循環(huán)有效濾過壓正性變時作用負(fù)性變傳導(dǎo)作用正性變力作用心迷走緊張交感縮血管緊張心血管中樞壓力感受性反射緩沖神經(jīng)緩沖神經(jīng)化學(xué)感受器腎素 -血管緊張素系統(tǒng)腎上腺素組織液冠脈循環(huán)代償間歇期前收縮動脈脈搏超速驅(qū)動壓抑血流動力學(xué)短路血管（動 -靜脈短路）緩激肽呼吸肺通氣吸氣呼氣平靜呼吸呼吸困難腹式呼吸胸式呼吸氣胸比順應(yīng)性胸膜腔內(nèi)壓彈性阻力表面活性物質(zhì)肺泡通氣量肺內(nèi)壓潮氣量肺活量每分通氣量用力肺活量生理無效腔通氣/血流比值氧容量氧含量氧離曲線氨基甲酸血紅蛋白波爾效應(yīng)氧飽和度碳酸酐酶呼吸中樞buffernervechemoreceptorrenin-angiotensinsystemepinephrine,adrenalineinterstitialfluidcoronarycirculationcompensatorypauseprematuresystole(extrasystole)arterialpulseoverdrivesuppressionhemodynamicsarteriovenousshuntbradykinin三、呼吸英文詞匯要求：respirationpulmonaryventilationinspirationexpirationeupneadyspneaabdominalbreathingthoracicbreathingpneumothoraxspecificcomplianceintrapleuralpressureelasticresistancesurfactantalveolarventilationintrapulmonarypressuretidalvolumevitalcapacityminuteventilationvolumeforcedvitalcapacityphysiologicaldeadspaceventilation/perfusionratiooxygencapacityoxygencontentoxygendissociationcurvecarbaminohemoglobinBohreffectoxygensaturationcarbonicanhydraserespiratorycenter

pneumotaxiccenter呼吸調(diào)整中樞肺牽張反射pulmonarystretchreflex呼吸調(diào)整中樞肺牽張反射消化digestion機械性消化mechanicaldigestion化學(xué)性消化chemicaldigestion吸收absorption慢波slowwave基本電節(jié)律basicelectricalrhythm,BER內(nèi)在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)intrinsicnervoussystem外來神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)extrinsicnervoussystem胃腸激素gastrointestinalhormone(guthormone)胃蛋白酶原pepsinogen胃黏膜屏障gastricmucosalbarrier內(nèi)因子intrinsicfactor胃泌素gastrin容受性舒張receptiverelaxation胃的排空gastricemptying移行性復(fù)合運動migratingmotorcomplex,MMC分節(jié)運動segmentalmotility腸胃反射enterogastricreflex蠕動peristalsis營養(yǎng)作用trophicaction能量代謝energymetabolism食物的熱價thermalequivalentoffood食物的氧熱價thermalequivalentofoxygen呼吸商respiratoryquotient, RQ非蛋白呼吸商non-proteinrespiratoryquotient,NPRQ特殊動力效應(yīng)specificdynamiceffect基礎(chǔ)代謝率basalmetabolismrateBMR體溫bodytemperature調(diào)定點setpoint腎單位nephronjuxtaglomerularapparatus致密斑maculadensa管-球反饋tubuloglomerularfeedback球-管平衡glomerulotubularbalance腎小球濾過率glomerularfiltrationrate,GFR濾過分?jǐn)?shù)filtrationfraction,FF濾過平衡filtrationequilibrium腎糖閾renalthresholdforglucose滲透性利尿osmoticdiuresis水利尿waterdiuresis清除率clearance重吸收reabsorption腎血漿流量renalplasmaflow,RPFU直小血管vasarecta? 感覺器官的功能英文單詞要求：感受器(receptor)適宜刺激(adequatestimulus;感受器電位(receptorpotencial);簡化眼(reducedeye湫敏度(visualacuity);近點(nearpointofvision);近視(myopia);遠(yuǎn)視(hyperopia);散光(astigmatism)視桿細(xì)胞(rodcell);視錐細(xì)胞(conecell);暗適應(yīng)(darkadaptation);明適應(yīng)(lightadaptation);視野(visualfield)耳蝸微音器電位(Cochlearmicro-phonicpotential);? 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的功能英文單詞要求：神經(jīng)的營養(yǎng)性作用(trophicaction)；神經(jīng)的功能性作用(functionalaction);軸漿運輸(axoplasmictransport);突觸后電位(Postsynapticpotential);興奮性突觸后電位(Excitatorypostsynapticpotential);抑制性突觸后電位(Inhibitorypostsynapticpotential);突觸后抑制(postsynapticinhibition);突觸前抑制(presynapticinhibition);傳入側(cè)支性抑制(Afferentcollateralinhibition);回返性抑制(Recurrentinhibition);曲張體(varicosity); 神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)(neurotransmitter);神經(jīng)調(diào)質(zhì)(neuromodulator);受體(receptor);單向傳播(onewayconduction);中樞延擱(centraldela?;感覺投射系統(tǒng)(SensoryProjectionSystem);特異性投射系統(tǒng)(SpecificProjectionSystem);非特異性投射系統(tǒng)(Non-specificProjectionSystem);腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)上行激動系統(tǒng) (Ascendingreticularactivatingsystem)；感覺柱(sensorycolumn)；牽涉痛(referredpain)；皮層誘發(fā)電位 (corticalevokedpotential)；腦電圖(Electroencephalogram)；皮層電圖 (electrocorticogram)； 慢波睡眠 (slowwavesleep；)快波睡眠 (fastwavesleep；) 運動單位(motorunit)；牽張反射 (stretchreflex)；肌緊張(muscletonus)； 腱反射 (tendonreflex)； 肌梭(musclespindle)；腱器官(tendonorgan)；運動柱(motercolumn)；脊休克(spinalshock)；脊動物(spinalanimal)；去大腦動物(decerebrateanimal)；去大腦僵直(decerebraterigidity);前庭小腦(vestibulocerebellum);脊髓小腦(spinocerebellum)；皮層小腦 (cerebrocerebellum)；意向性震顫(intentiontremor)；靜止性震顫 (statictremor)；生物節(jié)律 (biorhythm)；防御反應(yīng)(defensereaction)；遺忘(lossofmrmory)；攝食中樞(feedingcenter)；飽中樞( satietycenter)激素英文單詞1.內(nèi)分泌endocrine2.允許作用p