英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：201706年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty。Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words。PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports。Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions。Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre。Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard。1。A)TheInternationalLaborOrganization’skeyobjective。B)Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable。C)Risingunemploymentworldwide。D)Globaleconomicrecovery。2。A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs。B)Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis。C)Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis。D)Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople’slivelihood。Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard。3。A)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide。B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu。C)Increaseproteincontentinthefood。D)Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers。4。A)Theywillbefined。B)Theywillbeclosed。C)Theywillgetawarning。D)Theywilllosecustomers。Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard。5。A)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans。B)Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts。C)Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown。D)Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness。6。A)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess。B)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew。C)Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards。D)Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture。7。A)Itshardworkingemployees。B)Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy。C)Itsinnovationculture。D)Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments。SectionBDirections：Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversations。Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions。Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion。YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre。Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard。8。A)He’sgotaddictedtotechnology。B)Heisnotverygoodatsocializing。C)Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging。D)Hedoesnottalklongonthephone。9。A)Talkbig。B)Talkatlength。C)Gossipalot。D)Forgetherself。10。A)Hethoughtitwascool。B)Heneededthepractice。C)Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem。D)Hehadanurgentmessagetosend。11。A)Itposesachallengetoseniors。B)Itsavesbothtimeandmoney。C)Itischildishandunprofessional。D)Itiscoolandconvenient。Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard。12。A)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment。B)Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager。C)Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime。D)Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss。13。A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy。B)Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim。C)Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate。D)Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility。14。A)Heneverknowshowtorefuse。B)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers。C)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim。D)Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness。15。A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting。B)Waitandseewhathappensnext。C)Learntosaynowhennecessary。D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst。SectionCDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreepassages。Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearthreeorfourquestions。Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre。Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。16。A)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife。B)ReasonsforAmericans’declineinsleep。C)Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep。D)Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep。17。A)Theyaremorehealth-conscious。B)Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits。C)Theygetlessandlesssleep。D)Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep。18。A)Theirweightwillgodown。B)Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate。C)Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease。D)Theirbloodpressurewillrise。Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。19。A)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay。B)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose。C)Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto。D)Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication。20。A)Thelistofcoursesstudied。B)Thefullrecordofscores。C)Thereferencesfromteachers。D)Thepersonalstatement。21。A)Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation。B)Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying。C)Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject。D)Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity。Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。22。A)Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres。B)Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury。C)ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily。D)ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer。23。A)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol。B)Theytooktwopassengersonly。C)Theyweredifficulttodrive。D)Theyoftenbrokedown。24。A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline。B)Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials。C)TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars。D)Theyweremadeforordinaryuse。25。A)Itmadenewsallovertheworld。B)ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily。C)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel。D)Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks。Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage。Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices。Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter。PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre。Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce。Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood，andthere’sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo。ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise，whetheratschoolorontheirown，26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests。Ina27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28，investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved，thebettertheirgradeswereinschool，29inthebasicsubjectsofmath，Englishandreading。Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets。Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime。WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S。31inrecentyears，someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground。Butasthesefindingsshow，exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive。Physicalactivitycanimproveblood33tothebrain，fuelingmemory，attentionandcreativity，whichare34tolearning。Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress，whichcanalsohelplearning。Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey’rerunningaround，theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell。注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A)attendanceB)consequentlyC)currentD)depressingE)droppingF)essentialG)feasibleH)flowI)moodJ)mutuallyK)particularlyL)performanceM)reviewN)surviveO)tendSectionBDirections：Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit。Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs。Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived。Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce。Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter。AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2。FindingtheRightHome—andContentment，Too[A]Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear。[B]Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome，orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners

Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear，oristhatanout-modedstereotype(固定看法)Candoingone’shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplacesItisgenuinelyhardtoknow。[C]Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed。Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein。Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare，letmehastilyadd。Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord。Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo。[D]Themostrecentofthesestudies，publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology，surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving，nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes(knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes)。ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife，emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction，aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities。[E]“Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes，”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy，JulieRobison，anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity。Areasonableassumption—don’tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan’t?

[F]Intheinitialresults，assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture。Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities，forinstance，andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely。Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction。[G]Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables，suchdifferencesdisappeared。Itisnotthehousingtype，theyfound，thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents’responses?！癐tisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein，combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare，theirageandmaritalstatus，”Dr。Robisonexplained。Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant。[H]Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth，therefore，mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome。Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome，otherfactorsbeingequal。Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace，notthesortofplaceinitself，thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences?！癥oucan’tjustsay，‘Let’sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff，”Dr。Robisonsaid。Whatmatters，sheadded，“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem，andwhattheyfindthere?！盵I]Suchfindings，whichruncountertocommonsense，havesurfacedbefore。Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving，forinstance，UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility’stype，sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness，mentaldecline，hospitalizationsormortality。Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents’physicalhealthandmentalstatus。Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere。[J]AsIwasconsideringallthis，apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk，announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare。Asamatteroffact，consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities，thelowestrated，thanwiththefive-starones。(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost。)[K]Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing—

hereisathoughtfromDr。PhilipSloane，ageriatrician(老年病學(xué)專家)attheUniversityofNorthCarolina：“Inaway，thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies?！盵L]Ofcourse，sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities，talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies，anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties。Butperhapstheydon’thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees?！癋amiliescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy，”Dr。Sloanesaid。Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant。[M]Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness。Theyhavetheirideas，too。Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown。Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant，insideandout。Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived，thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents。Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom，theysataloneatatable。[N]Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere，andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility。Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch，thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision。36。Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents。37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities，involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant。38.Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome。39.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein。40.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome。41.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace。42.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction。43.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink。44.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving。45.Aresident’ssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere。SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection。Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements。ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre。PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage。AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated，therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat。Thisdangercanbeavoided，accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell，ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode。Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks，it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage。Forexample，ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse，youwouldn’twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren?！癥ouwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues，”saidRussell。Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues。Forexample，mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans。Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences，butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace，youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo。Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines，ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules。Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior。Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless。Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo(禁忌)。Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation。Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave，ithastheopportunitytostop，sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟聲)，andaskfordirectionsfromahuman。Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision，wegoandasksomebodyelse。Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral，andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules。Butifwecomeupwithananswer，robotscouldbegoodforhumanity。46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?

A)Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers。B)Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology。C)Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage。D)Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated。47.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Theyareaggressive。B)Theyareoutgoing。C)Theyareignorant。D)Theyareill-bred。48.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?

A)Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations。B)Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings。C)Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior。D)Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings。49.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?

A)keepadistancefrompossibledangers。B)Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing。C)Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce。D)Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction。50.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?

A)Determinewhatismoralandethical。B)Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments。C)Setrulesforman-machineinteraction。D)Developamoresophisticatedprogram。PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers

Youknowthestandardexplanations：keepingamoderatediet，engaginginregularexercise，etc。Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)DosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlivesAnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100。Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing，moreactiveandlessneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)thanotherpeople。Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan。Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory：thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes。Interestingly，however，othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger。Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined，forinstance，werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold。Also，beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife，whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways。Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate。Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife，youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible。Unfortunately，anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother’spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity。Thatstudylookedatnearly28，000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious，dep