EvaluationWarning:ThedocumentwascreatedwithSpire.Docfor.NET.河南省2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試

英語注意事項：.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是CoWhatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A.It'sbig.B.It'squiet.C.Ifsnew.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.Whereistheman'stable?A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecomer.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。Whatarcthespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。WhydocsthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It'seasytohirepeople.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A.Rembrandt's.B.Botticelli's.C.Rubens'.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A.March.B.August.C.October.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?Hisplantogoforthegold.Hisexperienceonthetrack.Hisloveforhishomecountry.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AHenryRaeburn（1756-1823）TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn'sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn'sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPH1LLIPSONRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45 Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct. B.Thurs.30Oct. C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payfbradmission?A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings. B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers. D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】LB2.B3.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了為紀念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利?雷伯恩爵士進行的展覽的相關情況?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries部分uThursday30Oct.（10月30日星期四）”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.（4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費入場。）”可知，一對夫婦應付4+4=8英鎊，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費，即入場費為8英鎊。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.（所有全日制教育的學生，高至并包括那些學士學位水平的學生，在有教師的組織團體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場費。）”可知，全日制學生在有教師的組織團體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領。故選C項。BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhcad,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodrufTsgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickcndcn'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls,decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstonns.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅忍）ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowall

aroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.5.A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.5.A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?6.A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.1,Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.6.A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.1,Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.AdiaryWhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?entry.【答案】4.A5,D6.C7,B【解析】【導語】這是一篇書評。本文簡要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對其進行了評價。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.（1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個富裕家庭的女孩 DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood 來到落基山脈的一個定居點，在一間只有一個房間的學校教書。）”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學校里教書。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段aTheymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他們和一個當?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被子上覆蓋著一層雪。）"以及"Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設有關，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.（這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting/Wickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。）”可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內容，并對其進行了評價，所以文本是一篇書評。故選B項。CCanasmallgroupofdrones（無人機）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesintheskyMtechnologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎設施）worldwidearesafefbrtrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesfbrrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesfbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D.Drones,reliableperformanceinremote

areas.Whatdocs“maintenance“underlinedinparagraph3referto?B.Assistancefromdrones.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.B.Assistancefromdrones.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.D.Toacceleratetransportation.C.Inspectionandrepair.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?AToprovideearlywarning.C.Toearnprofitsfbrthecrews.Whichisthemostsuitabletitlefbrthetext?WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesHowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedWhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceDHowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】8.A9,C10.B11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。應用今天的“空中之眼”的技術，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.（無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎設施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點的正確位置）”可知使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.（據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施）”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety^是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair（檢修）含義相近。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段uEngineersarcnowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously（工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個新概念:未來的鐵路無人機。它們將在列車前方的軌道上運行，并被設定為自動運行）”可知鐵路無人機有望讓火車自動運行。故選B。[11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段"Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesintheskyMtechnologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎設施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.（一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應用今天的“空中之眼”技術的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎設施全天候安全運行。）”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機大幅節(jié)省維護成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來。”符合文章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標題。故選D。DTheGovernmenfssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersarcconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers*effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pfbreverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A. Tocollectmoneyforschools. B. Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C. Toprotectchildren'shealth. D. Toencourageresearchineducation.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A. Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets. B. Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C. Theycutdownontheirproduction. D. Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices. D.ClassicCoke.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】12.C 13.D14.D15.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學校體育。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅可知，一些飲料公司通過降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因為擔心會惹惱消費者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。）“可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學校的體育設施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實施是一個成功的政策。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain（保持）long-distancefriendships.SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.16 .Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestfbryouboth.17 .Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.,Practiseempathy（共情）18 .Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.? 19Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.,Don'trelyontechnologyalone20 ,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.RememberimportantdatesCompensatebywritinglettersItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperTrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitFriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaYoumaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】16D17.B18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。【16題詳解】上文“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”（平日繁忙，很難抽出時間打電話。）講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時間給對方打電話，D項“盡量找個雙方都有空的時間去打電話，并堅持下去”給出了解決沒時間打電話這個問題的方法，符合題意。故選D項。【17題詳解】上文“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth."（確保你已經(jīng)與你的朋友溝通過，了解你們彼此希望聯(lián)系的次數(shù)，以及哪種溝通方式最適合你們兩人。）提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，B項“可以通過寫信補償”提出了其中一種溝通方式：寫信，下文“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat."（除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發(fā)語音或者組建群聊。）補充了發(fā)語音等其他溝通方式，其中"constantwrittencommunication”呼應了B項的"writingletters”。故選B項?！?8題詳解】下文“Thefi*iendwhoisremaining”（留下來的朋友）和"Theoneinthenewenvironment”（在新環(huán)境中的那個）提到朋友的兩個不同處境，G項“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中athefriendwholeft”和atheonewhowasleftbehindM分別對應下文“TheoneinthenewenvironmentM和“Thefriendwhoisremaining所以G項符合題意。故選G項?！?9題詳解】分析文章結構可知，設空處的內容是維系異地友誼的第四個方法，是第五段的小標題。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.M（周年Z己念日fll生日對于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。）講的是諸如周年紀念日和生日等重要的日子對于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對應的維系異地友誼的方法是A項“記得重要的口子”，所以A項符合題意。故選A項?！?0題詳解】設空處所在句子的后半句"butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain."（但是異地友誼 甚至是關系親密的友誼 可能需要更加自覺地去維系。）講的是我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說明后半句與設空處形成轉折，而F項“朋友之間很容易通過社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結感”講的是可以通過社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結，與后半句urequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain,,形成轉折，而且其中的"socialmedia”呼應了該段的小標題"Don'trelyontechnologyalone”（不要僅僅依賴技術）中的“technology故選F項。語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout21someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably 22 athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies 23 .Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas24asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour 25researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology26thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each27satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor28 .Wethenaskedthechildifshecould29orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame30happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:31childrensaidthattheycouldn't32toher.Anumberof33ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects34thequestionsandknew35whatwasaskedofthem.Their36tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue37that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too."Theysimply38 mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our39suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod40whenothersuseit.21.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing22.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick23.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced24.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted25.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired26.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested27.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor28.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears29.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool30.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident31.A.YetB.NowCSoonD.OnceA.speakA.instructionsassumptionsB.B.listendescriptionsC.C.turnexperimentsD.D.wave34.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored35.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly36.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity37.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose38.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup39.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings40.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.B32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.B38.C39.DD【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要通過實驗證明孩子們捉迷藏時，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結果，而是孩子們堅持相互承認和尊重。[21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對他們來說，避開別人的目光，讓自己無法被別人看到，這是一件非常令人興奮的事情。A.following跟隨；B.taking取走；C.escaping避開；D.directing指導o根據(jù)上文"Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開別人的目光。故選C項。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們都看到學齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A.clever聰明的；B.bad不擅長的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根據(jù)下文"Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies"可知,兒童不擅長隱藏,bebadatsth.表示“不擅長某事故選B項。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身體暴露在外。A.exposed無遮蔽的;B.examined已檢查過的；C.untouched未受影響的；D.imbalanced失衡的。根據(jù)上文aTheyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：長期以來，這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無可救藥的“自我中心”生物的證據(jù)。A.supported支持；B.guaranteed保證；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted解釋。根據(jù)下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelesslyMegocentric^^creatures."可知，此處表示這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學方面令人驚訝的研究結果與這一觀點相矛盾。A.disappointing令人失望的：B.mixed混合的：C.surprising令人驚訝的；D.desired渴望的。根據(jù)下文“researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology_6_thatidea.“可知，研究結果與之前的觀點相矛盾，所以研究結果是令人驚訝的。故選C項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學方面令人驚訝的研究結果與這一觀點相矛盾。A.explained解釋；B.confirmed證實；C.contradicted相矛盾；D.tested測試。根據(jù)下文“Our_19suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_20_whenothersuseit.”可知，研究結果與之前的觀點是相矛盾的。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個兒童都和一個成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.parent父母親：B.child兒童：C.researcher研究員：D.doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)上文“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.n可知，兒童參加實驗，此處表示每個兒童和一個成年人坐在一起。故選B項。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個兒童都和一個成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.feet腳；B.nose鼻子;C.hands手；D.ears耳朵。根據(jù)下文"orheartheadult”可知，實驗中，兒童被詢問是否能聽到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D項。[29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們問兒童是否能看到或聽到成年人的聲音。A.see看見；B.help幫助；C.reach到達；D.fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問是否能看見成年人。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A.event大事;B.thing事情；C.action行動；D.accident事故。根據(jù)下文**childrensaidthattheycouldn't_12_toher.n可知，此處表示同樣的事情發(fā)生了，孩子們表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人說話了。故選B項。(31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A.Yet然而；B.Now此刻；C.Soon很快；D.Once一次。根據(jù)語境，此處表示當成年人捂住自己的嘴時，這時孩子們說不能和成年人說話了。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A.speak說；B.listen聽；C.tum轉；D.wave揮手。根據(jù)上文"whentheadultcoveredherownmouth"可知，此處孩子們表示他們不能和成年人說話了。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多實驗排除了孩子們誤解了他們被問到的問題。A.instructions命令；B.descriptions說明；C.experiments實驗；D.assumptions假設。根據(jù)語境，此處表示上文中的許多實驗排除了孩子們會誤解問題這一情況。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：結果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么。A.comprehended理解；B.predicted預測；C.explored探索；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)下文“thequestionsandknew」5_whatwasaskedofthem”可知，兒童理解了問題，并能確切地知道自己被問了什么。故選A項。【35題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：結果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么。A.partly部分地；B.honestly誠實地；C.vaguely含糊地；D.exactly確切地。根據(jù)下文"whatwasaskedofthem.Their_16tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue_17_M可知，孩子們確切地知道自己被問了什么，他們的答案反映了他們真實的看法。故選D項。【36題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對這些問題的回答反映了他們真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。"A.responses回答；B.叩proaches方法；C.contribution貢獻；D.sensitivity敏感性。根據(jù)下文"tothequestions”可知，此處表示孩子們對于問題的回答。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查名