Shouldhighereducationbeaneliteeducation?Shouldhighereducationbeavailabletoallstudentsoronlytogoodstudents?Pleasestateyouropinions.Hi,Goodmorning!Doyouknowthebignewsyesterday?Aboutthatfamousuniversity!Yes.Thenewsreportsthatinthisyearthatuniversity'snewenrollmentapplicationisstillverystrict,thecompetitionisfierce.En,itisverystricteveryyear,andenteringthisuniversityisthedreamofmanystudents.Well,Ialwayshaveaquestion:Shouldhighereducationbeaneliteeducation?Andwhatdoyouthink?A:Inmyview,theanswerisno.Ithinkhighereducationshouldbeamasseducation.Thatistosay,thehighereducationshouldbeavailabletoallstudentsoronlytogoodstudents.Thehighereducationshouldn’tbeaneliteeducation.B：Yeah，asIknow,somescholarsbelievethatthedevelopmentofhighereducation gothroughthethreestages.Ifthegrossenrollmentrateofhighereducationisbelow15%,itistheelitestageofhighereducation.C:Iagreewithyou.Highereducationismoreextensivethantheeliteeducation,andtheeliteeducationisonlyaformandastageofhighereducation.I'veseenthistheorytoo.Healsosaidthatiftheenrollmentrateofitisfrom15%to50%,itbelongstothemassstageofthehighereducation,andifmorethan50%,thatisthepopularizationstageofhighereducation.D:Fromthisdefinition,theeliteeducationisjustaparticularconceptofthehighereducationtheory,ratherthanitsentirety.Asweallknow,highereducationisthefurthereducationafterthemiddleschool.Thislearningwillundoubtedlyimprovetheknowledgelevelandtheoverallqualityoflearners.Whatisyouropinionaboutthis?A:Ithinkwhatyousaidareveryclearandreasonable.Ialsoagreewithhimverymuch.Sothehighereducationshouldbeavailabletoallstudentsoronlytogoodstudents.Therefore,thepopularizationofhighereducationwillhelptostimulatestudents'enthusiasmforlearning,andpromotetheculturaldevelopmentofthewholesociety.B:That'sright.Theeliteeducationisjustonestage,andifhighereducationislimitedintheeliteeducation,itwillcertainlyleadtothetroublesandproblems.Itadvocatesfalseself-worth,makesthestudentsbefarawayfromtherealhumannature,andbeintothesuperficialtemptation.C:Itistrue.Therearemanyproblemsintheeliteeducation.Inaway,itisnotconducivetotherealpersonaldevelopment,butalsotothewholesociety.Itbringsabad,utilitarianandimpetuousatmosphere.Educationiseveryone’sbasicright,aslongaswecherishthisright,wegetmoreknowledge.Pleasegiveyourcommentsontheprosandconsofcosmeticsurgery.A:Inrecentyears,moreandmorepeoplechoosetotakecosmeticsurgeries,Theywanttoleaveothersanimpressiveimage.Especiallysomeyounggirls.whatdoyouthinkofcosmeticsurgery?B:Intoday’ssocietypeoplehavemoreandmorepressuresabouttheirjobs,families,lifepositionsandsoon.Someonethinkthatiftheyhavethenaturebeauty,theywillhavemoreopportunities.Somanypeoplelikegoingonacosmeticsurgery.Theythinkthebeautycanbebought.Iagreewiththem.Whatisyouropinionaboutthis?Idonotlikethis.Havingacosmeticsurgeryisverydangerous.Ifthedoctornothavingagod-technology.Ifthesurgerywerehappeninganaccident,youwerenothavingacosmeticsurgery,itsadisfigurements.Whatisyouropinionabouttheadvantagesofit?Cosmeticsurgerymadegirlsyounger,energeticandconfidence.Everygirlwantstobebeautiful.Noonedoesntlikethecosmetics.Lipstick,EyeShadowandmanyothers.Iagreewithpeoplewhowantbebeautifultodothecosmeticsurgery.BecauseIthinkthebeautyintodayssocietyisbecomingaveryimportantcompetitivefactors.Doyouagreewithme?A:Ithinkamistakeduringcosmeticsurgerycanleadtoirreversibledamagetoone sfaceandbody,andmayevencausedeath.Iftheman-madebeautyappearseverywhere,wewillseeeverybodyisthesame.Thesameeyes,samenoses,evensamefaces.Itissoawful.B:Butyouknowwhat,asthewealthyandmiddle-classsegmentsoftheChinesepopulationexpand-andascelebrityculturetakesanevenfirmerhold-peoplearebecomingmoreconsciousoftheirlooksandarewillingtogotogreatlengthstoenhancethem.A:Ourappearanceisagiftofparents.Everyoneshouldhavehisownpersonality.Beautyisonlyskin-deep,virtueismoreimportantthanappearance.SoIthinkweshouldnotattempttochangenature.Anotherthingthattheyneedtotakeintoconsiderationisthecostofcosmeticsurgery.Ialsothinkcosmeticsurgeryasawasteofmoney.B:OK,Everythinghasitstwosides.Isharepartofyourviewonthecosmeticsurgery.Whenchoosingfirstnamesfortheirchildren,parentsmayhavedifferentreasons.Pleaseillustratethemajorreasons.A.Whenchoosingfirstnamesforchildren,parentsmayhavedifferentreasons.Todaywewilltalkaboutthemajorreasonsourparentsmayhave.Whatisyouropinionsaboutthis?B.Well,Iknowthereareseveralwaysparentschoosethefirstnamefortheirchild.Thefirstwayisbyfamilyhistory.Parentsmaychooseanamebecauseitispassedfromgenerationtogeneration;forexample,thefirstbornsonmightbenamedafterhisfatherorgrandfather.Althoughfamilynamesarealsopassedtodaughters,itisusuallyasamiddlename.Adding"junior"or"thesecond"forexample,WilliamParkerthesecondsonlydonewithboys',notwithgirls’names.Thesecondwayparentschooseanameisafterafamilymemberorfriendwhohasdiedrecently,oraftersomeone"theyadmire,likeawell-knownleaderorafamousmusician.AlthoughmostEnglishfirstnamesmeansomething,forexample,"Richard"meanspowerfuland“Ann"meansgrace,Doyouagreewithme?A.Iagreewithyou,butnowadaysmeaningisnotthemainreasonpeopleselecttheirbaby'sname.anotherwayistoprovidea"push"forthechild.Parentswanttochooseanamethatsoundsvery"successful."Astrongnamemighthelptheminthebusinessworld,forexample.Ortheymightchooseanamethatworksforeithergender,likeTaylororTerry.Doyouagreewithme?B.YesIagreewithyou.ButsometimesIthinkManyparentschooseanamesimplybecausetheylikeit,orbecauseit'sfashionableorclassic.Fashionsinnameschangejustastheydoinclothes.Onehundredyearsago,manynamescamefromtheBiblenamessuchasDaniel,andAnna,andHannahandMatthew.Thenfiftyyearsago,Biblicalnameswentoutoffashion.A.Yeah,Nowadays,namesfromtheBiblearebecomingpopularagain.Similarly,parentsoftenchooseclassicnames,namesthatwerepopularin1900,1950,andarestillpopularnow.ClassicnamesforboysincludeThomas,David,Robert,andMichael.Andforgirls:Anna,Elizabeth,Emily,andKatherine,justtonameafew.They'reclassic.Theynevergooutofstyle.DoyouagreewiththesayingthatEnglishisagloballanguage?Whyorwhynot?Pleasestateyourreasons.Today’stopicisEnglishasagloballanguage.IknowmanyofusspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage,right?Today,IwanttoaskyouwhetherEnglishisagloballanguage?Whatisyouropinionaboutthis?IthinkEnglishisobviouslyagloballanguage.IbelieveEnglishisthelanguagepeopleallovertheworldusetocommunicate,andthatitisgraduallyreplacingotherlanguages.Whataboutyou?A:IthinkEnglishisnottrulyagloballanguagebecauseitisnotthemainlanguagespokenbypeopleworldwide.AndthoughmanypeoplespeaksomeEnglishworldwide,Englishhasnotreplacedotherlanguages.IacknowledgethatpeopleuseEnglisheveryday,formanyreasons,butthisdoesn'tmeanEnglishisreplacingotherlanguages,nordoesitmakeEnglishthemainlanguagespokenintheworld.Canyoutellmesomereasonswhyyouholdyouropinion?B.IagreewiththesayingthatEnglishisagloballanguage.Firstofall,Englishisthedominantlanguageofbusiness,travel,andscience.Whenpeopleneedacommonlanguage,theyoftenuseEnglish.Thinkaboutit.Englishisoftenusedattouristinformationcenters,ininternationalhotels.IfyouuseataxiinRome,andyoucan'tspeakItalian,thetaxidriverismorelikelytouseEnglishthananyotherlanguages.Itisuseatbusinessmeetingsandinternationalsportsevents.TheEuropeanUnionusesEnglish,alongwithFrench,atitsmeetings.andeducationalsettingsareagreatexample.Infact,mostpeoplewhousetheInternetknowEnglish.ThishelpssupporttheviewthatEnglishisagloballanguage.Whataboutyou?A.Idon’tagreewiththesayingthatEnglishisagloballanguage,Idon'tbelieveEnglishhasreplacedotherlanguages.BecausethereareaboutthreetimesasmanypeoplewhospeakChineseastheirfirstlanguageasthosewhospeakEnglishasafirstlanguage.inmanycountrieswheresomepeopleuseEnglishforworkeachday,theydon'tuseEnglishanywhereelse.EveninEnglish-speakingcountries,therearemillionsofpeoplewhoprefertospeakalanguageotherthanEnglishathome,withfriends,oratwork.B:So,Ithinkit'ssafetosaythatEnglishwillcontinuetobethemainlanguageusedinmanyinternationalsettingsbecause,asIsaidearlier,peopleallovertheworldneedacommonlanguage..Whatarethecharacteristicsofaphobia（恐懼癥）?Whatarethetwotheoriesaboutthecausesofphobias?Pleasegiveabriefreportofphobias.A:Todaywe'regoingtotalkaboutafairlycommonkindofpsychologicalproblem-aphobia.Asyouprobablyknow,aphobiaisafear,sodoyouhavephobiasorfear?Whatarethecharacteristicsaboutit?B:Phobia,asfarasIknow,includingplacesphobia,socialphobiaandspecificphobias,theobjectofspecificphobiaisusuallyaparticularobjectorscene,suchasinsects,blood,orinjectionandsoon.It'sworthnotingthat,aphobiaisnotanormalfear,itisanextremefear―averystrongfear.Psychologistshavecomeupwiththreecharacteristicsofaphobia.First,aphobiaisnotarationalresponse.It'saverystrongreaction,toostrongforthesituation.Second,aphobiaoftenlastsforalongtime,formonthsorevenyearsorthewholelife.Third,thereactionistoostrongforapersontocontrol.Whatisyouropinionaboutthecausesofphobias?A:I'veseenabooksaidphobiaislearned,thismeanssomethinghappensthatcausessomeone,orinasense"teachessomeone"tofreeafraid.Forexample,onecouldhavelearnedtobeafraidofdogsifhewasattackedandinjuredbyoneasachild.Yeah,Ihaveseenthattheory,ItalsosaysthatPeoplecanlearntohavephobiasbywatchinghowotherpeoplereact.Infact,doctorsfindthatphobiastendtoruninfamilies.Wheneverachildandhismotherweretogetherandsawadog,hismotherwouldgetveryscared,verynervous.Whenthechildsawhowhismotherreacted,hewouldthengraduallybecomeveryscared,too.B:Thereisanothertheorysaysthataphobiaisonlyasignofadeeperproblem.Thismeansthatthephobiaisn'tthewholeproblem.Forexample,apatientwasveryafraidofthedark,buttherealreasonishisfathermadehimsitinadarktheroomwhenhedidsomethingbadwhenhewasyoung.Doyouhavesomeideasabouthowtotreattheperson?A:Accordingtothefirsttheory,ifaphobiaislearned,perhapsitcanbeunlearned,ontheotherhand,thedoctor ’sobjective,orgoal,istohelpthepatientrevealthedeeperpsychologicalproblem,becauseitwillbeeasiertotreatthephobiaifthedeeperproblemisidentifiedandworkedonaswell.B:Aswediscussed,phobiaisakindofcomplexpsychologicalandphysiologicaldiseases,butpsychologists,likeanyscientists,havetocontinuetodoresearch,tolearn,andtotesttreatmentswebelievewillbeeffectivebasedonresearch.Treatmentsimprovethemorewelearn..PleasedescribethreewavesofimmigrationintheUSA.(e.g.Wheredidtheimmigrantscomefrom?Whydidtheychoosetoimmigrate?etc.)A:Immigrationhappensallovertheworld.Immigrationmeansmovetoanothercountrytolivethereindefinitely.AsweknowtherewereseveralwavesofimmigrationintotheU.S.Let ’stalkbrieflyaboutimmigration,thehistoryofimmigrationtotheU.S.,andthestoryofdiversityintheU.S.Doyouknowsomethingaboutthis?B:Yes,itIsacceptedthattherearethreebigwavesinAmericanhistory,thefirstwaveofimmigrantsintheseventeenthcentury.MostimmigrantswerefromWesternEurope.Thesecondbigwaveofimmigrationhappenedbetween1840and1920,andthethirdwave,theperiodfrom1965tothepresenttime,manypeopleinLatinAmericaandAsiabegantoimmigratetoAmericainlasttwowaves.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutthefirstwave?A:Let’sconcentrateonthefirstwave.Inthecolonialperiod,PeoplewerenotprohibitedfromimmigratingbytheBritish;anyonecouldcome.Lifewasdifficult,somepeoplefeltitwasworththerisktohaveabetterlifeinthecolonies.Butabout20percentofthepopulationatthistimewasAfricanAmerican.However,mostofthemwerebroughtfromAfricaasslaves.Whataboutthesecondwave?B:I’llgivesomeinformationaboutthesecondwave.About37millionpeoplecametotheU.Sduringthiswave.TheindustrialrevolutionhadbeeninEurope,causingabigshiftfromfarmingtofactoryjobs.ManyleftfortheU.S.,hopingtocontinuedoingthefarmingjobstheyknew.About80percentofthesesecondwaveimmigrantswerefromalloverEurope.Well,It'sworthnotingthatLatinAmericaandAsiaincludeChinesebegantoimmigratetoUSA,mostlyascontractworkers.Similartothefirststage,in1891,theUS.CongresscreatedtheINS,theImmigrationandNaturalizationService,tocontrolimmigration,in1892,theINSopenedEllisIsland,inNewYorkHarbor.Whataboutthethirdstage?A:yeah,Untilthethirdstage,thenumberofcontrolhasbeenimplemented,in1965,thequotasystemwasabolished.Instead,alimitof290,000wassetonthetotalnumberofpeoplewhocouldentereachyear.Duringthe1970sand1980s,about80percentoftheimmigrantswerefromLatinAmericaandAsia,andonly20percentwerefromEuropeandelsewhere.Comparethesecondandthirdwaves,wecanseethatinthesecondwaveitwasmostlyEuropeans,andinthethirdwaveitwasmostlyLatinAmericansandAsians.Again,economicopportunitywasthemainreasonpeopleimmigrated.Doyouhaveanotherideaaboutthistopic?B:well,Inrecentyears,manypeopleintheU.S.havecometorealizethatthecountry'sgreateststrengthisthediversityofitspeople.So,theoldmeltingpotidealhasbeenreplacedwiththeidealofculturaldiversity,withrecognizingtheimportanceofAmericans ’manydifferentculturalbackgrounds.9.Pleaseexplainwhyitisnecessaryforcitizenstodevelopastrongsenseofcomputerethicsinthemodernsociety.Goodmorning.DidanyonehearthenewsabouttheteenagerinNewYorkwhohackedintoabank’sdatabasandstoleabout30,000creditcardnumbersovertheweekend?Hackingisrelatedtocomputerethics.Itisnecessaryforcitizenstodevelopastrongsenseofcomputerethicsinthemodernsocietynow.Doyouagreewithme?Iagreewithyou.Itisimportantthatweallknowwhatethicsis.Ethicsincludesbothoftheseideas.Itdealswithmoraljudgments,withwhatisacceptableorunacceptabletodo.Nowwelearnideasaboutwhatisrightandwrongfromourfamilies,ourfriends,andfromtheculturewelivein.Becauseofdifferencesinourbackgrounds,wemaynotalwaysagreeonwhatisrightandwrong.A：AndTwantdefineforyouwhatImeanbyanethicalaction.Anethicalactionissomethingsomeonedoesthatbenefitssomeoneanddoesn’thurtanyone.So,forexample,ifyouseeamandropsomemoney ，andyoupickthemoneyupandgiveittohim,thisisanethicalaction.Ontheotherhand,ifyoupickupthemoneyanddon’tgiveitbacktotheman,thisbenefitsyou,buthurtstheman.Thisisnotanethicalaction.B:Well-Letstalkaboutcomputerethics.Inthepastdecadeorso,manymorepeoplehavestartedusincomputersandtheInternet,sotheseissueshavebecomeimportant.In1992,theComputerEthicsInstitutewasfoundedintheUnitedStates.Thisisaresearch,education,andpolicystudygroupwhosegoalistoincreaseawarenessoftheethicalissuesthatarelikelytocomeupastechnologydevelops.OneconcepttheComputerEthicsInstitutehasdevelopedistheTenCommandmentsofComputerEthics.TheserulesareimportantguidelinestheInstitutethinksallcomputerusersshouldfollow.Whcommandmentsorrulesdoyouknow?Thefirstcommandmentsays:Thoushaltnotuseacomputertoharmotherpeople.Simpleenough,right?NumberTwo.Thoushaltnotsnoopinotherpeople ’sfiles.Tosnoopmeanstotrytofindoutsomethingwithoutanotherpersonknowingit.Ifyoulookatsomeoneelse’sfilesonthecomputerorreadtheire-mailyou’resnooping.Respectotherpeople ’sprivacy.Canyoutellmemoreaboutthis?NumberThree.Thoushaltnotuseacomputertosteal.TherearesituationsontheInternetinwhichyouhavetodecideifyouarestealingornot,likedownloadingmusicfiles,asImentionedearlier.NumbFour.Thoushaltnotuseacomputertosaythingsthatareuntrue.Itisuptoyoutobetruthfulinyourwebsite,inyoure-business,andinyoure-mail.NumberSix.Thoushaltnotuse ’sokaytodownloadanduseit.However,itisnotokaytocopysoftwarefromafriend,becauseyoudidn ’tpayforit.Andsoon…Canyousummarizewhatwetalkabout?Generally,it ’sconsideredwrongtostealsomeoneelse ’spasswordortoreadsomeoneelse ’se-mail.It’salsoconsideredunacceptableincollegeclassesforastudenttodownloadatermpaperofftheInternetandpretendthatheorshewroteit.Theseruleshelpustobeawareoftheethicalusesoftechnology.10.DNAtestinghasbeenwidelyusedinthemedicalandjudicialfields.PleaseuseexamplestoillustrateusesofDNAtesting.Goodmorning.Todaywe’lltalkaboutanimportanttopicinbiology--DNAandDNAtesting.DNAisthemoleculethatcarriesgeneticinformationinalllivingcells.Nowfirst,we ’lllookatwhatDNAisandwhenitwasdiscovered.Then,we ’lllookatDNAtestingandseveralapplications,orusesoftesting.ThisisanexcitingtopicforbiologistsbecausethemorewelearnaboutDNA,themoreweseehowsciencemaychangeourlives--fromhealthcaretoourrelationships.OK,whatdoesDNAlooklike?Itlooksliketwostrings,kindofwrappingaroundeachother.AmoleculeofDNAconsistsoftwostrandsofchemicalcompoundsarrangedinatwistedpattern.Insidethehumancellarechromosomes.TheDNAisorganizedintwenty-threepairsofchromosomesinthecell.Genesarearrangedonthechromosomesandthesecarryfundamentalgeneticinformationlikehaircolor,eyecolor,orcharacteristicsthatarenasvisible,suchasintelligence,andalotmore.Canyousaysomethingmoreaboutthistoptic?ScientistshavebeenstudyingDNAforalongtime.Firstin1860,GregorMendelmadetwoimportantdiscoveries:tinyparticleshecalledgenes,and,thatgenescarryinformationfromcelltocell.Nowthiswasreallythebeginning.Then,in1953,J.D.WatsonandFrancisCrickdiscoveredanddescribedtheDNAstructure.TheirworkwassoimportantthattheyreceivedtheNobelPrizein1962.Forthefirsttime,scientistscouldunderstandexactlyhowDNAtellsthecellswhattodo.ThisgeneratedmoreDNAresearch,andbytheendofthetwentiethcentury,scientistsmadeotherimportantdiscoveries.DoyouknowHumanGenomeProject?Well?ProbablythemostimportantworkwastheHumarGenomeProject.ThegoaloftheHumarGenomeProjectwastocompletethefirstreadingofthehumangenome,thecompletesetofhumanDNA.Uh,thiswasahugjob,butaftertenlongyearsin