英語六級聽力原文(卷一)英語六級聽力原文(卷一)英語六級聽力原文(卷一)xxx公司英語六級聽力原文(卷一)文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度2017年6月英語六級聽力原文(卷一)W:WelcometoWorkPlace.Andintoday’sprogram,we’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic-happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancy,whointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatoptenofthefactors,whichmakepeoplehappyatwork.Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone'sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.W:So,wearenotmainlymotivatedbymoney?M:Apparentlynot.W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas'veryhappy'atwork.However,20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.M:Itis,isn’tit

Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful:peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?M:Yes,perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q1:WhatistheNo.1factorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?Q2:Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?Q3:Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?Q4:Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?W:Mr.DeKeyzer,I'magreatloverofyourbookMomentsBeforetheFlood.Canyoutellushowyoufirstbecameinterestedinthissubjectmatter?M:In2006,whentheconcerthallofthecityofBrugesaskedmetotakesomepicturesforacatalogueforanewconcertseasonaroundthethemeofwater,IfoundmyselfworkingalongtheBelgiancoastline.Astherehadbeennumerousalarmingarticlesinthepressaboutaclimatecatastrophewaitingtohappen,Istartedlookingattheseaandthebeachverydifferently,aplacewhereIspentsomanyperfectdaysasachild.Thisfearofaloomingdangerbecamethesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject.W:Youwroteinthebook:"Idon’twanttophotographthedisaster,Iwanttophotographthedisasterwaitingtohappen.”Canyoutalkabitaboutthat?

M:ItisclearnowthatitisamatteroftimebeforetheentireEuropeancoastlinedisappearsunderwater.Thesamegoesfornumerousbigcitiesaroundtheworld.Myideawastophotographthisbeautifulandveryuniquecoastline,richinhistory,beforeit’stoolate—asalastwitness.W:Canyoutalkabitabouthowhistoryplaysaroleinthisproject?M:Sure.TheprojectisalsoaboutthehistoryofEuropelookingattheseaandwonderingwhenthenextenemywouldappear.Intheimages,youseeallkindsofpossibledefenseconstructionstoholdbacktheRomans,Germans,Vikings,andnownatureasenemynumberone.Forexample,thereistheimageofthebridgeintotheseatakenattheNormandyD-Daylandingsite.Also,Venice,thecityeternallythreatenedbythesea,whereeverymorningwoodenpathwayshavetobesetuptoallowtouriststoreachtheirhotels.W:Thankyou,Mr.DeKeyzer.Itwasapleasuretohaveyouwithustoday.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q5.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebookMomentsBeforetheFlood?Q6.Whendidthemangethisideaforthework?Q7.Whatwillhappenwhentheclimatecatastropheoccurs?Q8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutVenice?SectionBPassage1Whenfacinganewsituation,somepeopletendtorehearsetheirdefeatbyspendingtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheworst.Iremembertalkingwithayounglawyerwhowasabouttobeginherfirstjurytrial.Shewasverynervous.Iaskedwhatimpressionshewantedtomakeonthejury.Shereplied:”Idon’twanttolooktooinexperienced,Idon’twantthemtosuspectthisismyfirsttrial.”Thislawyerhadfallenvictimstothedon’tssyndrome—aformofnegativegoalssetting.Thedon’tscanbeself-fulfillingbecauseyourmindresponsetopictures.ResearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshowsamentalimagefiresthenervesystemthesamewayasactuallydoingsomething.Thatmeanswhenagolfertellshimself:”Don’thittheballintothewater.”Hismindseestheimageoftheballflyingintothewater.Soguesswheretheballwillgo?

Consequently,beforegoingintoanystressfulsituation,focusonlyonwhatyouwanttohavehappen.Iaskedthelawyeragainhowshewantedtoappearatherfirsttrial.Andthistimeshesaid:”Iwanttolookprofessionalandself-assured.”Itoldhertocreateapictureofwhatself-assuredwouldlooklike.Toher,itmeantmovingconfidentlyaroundthecourtroom,usingconvincingbodylanguageandprojectinghervoice,soitcouldbeheardfromthejudge’sbenchtothebackdoor.Shealsoimaginedaskillfulclosingargumentandawinningtrial.Afewweeksafterthispositivestress(不確定)rehearsal,theyounglawyerdidwin.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q9:whatdosomepeopledowhentheyfaceanewsituation?Q10:whatdoestheresearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshow?Q11:whatadvicedoesthespeakergivetopeopleinastressfulsituation?Q12:whatdowelearnaboutthelawyerinthecourt?Passage2MostAmericansdon’teatenoughfruits,vegetablesorwholegrains,researchersnowsaysaddingfibertoteendietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.Conversationsaboutthebenefitsoffiberareprobablymorecommoninnursinghomesthanhighschools.Butalongcomesanewstudythatcouldchangethat.KristiKing，adietspecialistatTexasChildren'sHospitalfindsit'shardtogetteenagerpatients’attentionabouthealthyeatingbuttellingthemthateatinglotsofhigh-fiberfoodscouldreducetheriskofbreastcancerbeforemiddleage.That'sapowerfulmessage.Thenewfindingisbasedonastudyof44,000women.Theyweresurveyedabouttheirdietsduringhighschool,andtheireatinghabitsweretrackedfortwodecades.Itturnsoutthatthosewhoconsumedthehighestlevelsoffiberduringadolescencehadalowerriskofdevelopingbreastcancer,comparedtothewomenwhoatetheleastfiber.Thisimportantstudydemonstratesthatthemorefiberyoueatduringyourhighschoolyears,theloweryourriskisindevelopingbreastcancerinlaterlife.Thefindingpointstolong-standingevidencethatfibermayreducecirculatingfemalehormonelevels,whichcouldexplainthereducedrisk.Thebottomlinehereisthemorefiberyoueat,perhaps,alowerlevelofhormoneinyourbody,andtherefore,alowerlifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.High-fiberdietsarealsolinkedtoareducedriskofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.That'swhywomenaretoldtoeat25gramsafiberaday-menevenmore.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q13.Whatdoesthenewstudytellaboutaddingfibertotheteendiet?Q14.Whatdowelearnaboutthesurveyofthe44,000women?Q15.Whatexplanationdoesthespeakerofferfortheresearchfinding?Passage1Wellmycurrentresearchisreallyaboutconsumerbehavior.SorecentlyI'velookedatyoungpeople'sdrinkingandit'sobviouslyamajorconcerntoGovernmentatthemoment.I'vealsolookedathowolderpeoplearerepresentedinthemedia;again,it'sofmajorcurrentinterestwitholderpeoplebecomingamuchlargerproportionofUKandindeedworldsociety.I'malsointerestedinhowconsumersoperateonline,andhowthatonlinebehaviormightbedifferentfromhowtheyoperateofflinewhentheygototheshops.Well,Ithinkthattheimportantthinghereistoactuallyunderstandwhat'shappeningfromtheconsumer'sperspective.OneofthethingsthatbusinessesandindeedGovernmentorganizationsoftenfailtodoistoreallyseewhatishappeningfromtheconsumer'sperspective.Forexample,inthecaseofyoungpeople'sdrinking,oneofthethingsthatI'veidentifiedisthatdrinkingforpeoplesaybetweentheagesof18and24isallaboutthesocialactivity.AlotoftheGovernmentadvertisinghasbeenaboutindividualresponsibility,butactuallyunderstandingthatdrinkingisverymuchaboutthesocialactivityandfindingwaystohelpyoungpeoplegethomesafelyandnotendupinhospitalisoneofthethingsthatwe'vetriedtopresentthere.Thekeythingaboutconsumerbehavioristhatit'sverymuchabouthowconsumerschange.Marketsalwayschangefasterthanmarketing;sowehavetolookatwhatconsumersaredoing.CurrentlyIteachconsumerbehaviortoundergraduatesintheirsecondyearandwelookatallkindsofthingsinconsumerbehaviorandparticularlyhowconsumersarepresentedinadvertising.Sotheygetinvolvedbylookingatadvertisingandreallycriticallyassessingtheconsumerbehavioraspectsofitandgettinginvolvedsometimesdoingprimaryresearch.Forexample,lastyearmystudentsspentaweeklookingattheirownpurchasingandanalyzeditindetailfromshoppingtotherelationshipthattheyhavewiththeirretailbanksandtheirmobilephoneproviders.Ithinktheyfounditveryusefulanditalsohelpedthemidentifyjustwhatkindofbudgetstheyhadtoo.Thefactofthematteristhatthere'sawholerangeofinterestingresearchoutthereandIthinkastheyearsgoon,there'sgoingtobemuchmoreforustoconsiderandcertainlymuchmoreforstudentstobecomeinvolvedin.16.Whatisthespeakercurrentlydoing?17.Whathasthespeakerfoundaboutyoungpeople'sdrinking?18.Whatdoesthespeakersaythathisstudentsdidlastyear?Passage2SwedenwasthefirstEuropeancountrytoprintandusepapermoney,butitmaysoondoawaywithphysicalcurrencies.Bankscansavealotofmoneyandavoidregulatoryheadachesbymovingtoacash-freesystem,andtheycanalsoavoidbankrobberies,theft,anddirtymoney.ClaerBarrett,theeditorofFinancialTimesMoney,saystheWesternworldisheadedtowardaworldwithoutphysicalcurrency."AndyHolder—thechiefeco|nomistatTheBankofEngland—suggestedthattheUKmovetowardsagovernment-backeddigitalcurrency.Butdoesacashlesssocietyreallymakegoodeconomicsense?

"Thefactthatcashisbeingdrawnoutofsociety,islessafeatureofoureverydaylives,andtheeaseofelectronicpayments—isthisactuallymakingusspendmoremoneywithoutrealizingit"

Barrettwantedtofindoutiftheabsenceofphysicalcurrencydoesindeedcauseapersontospendmore,soshedecidedtoconductanexperimentafewmonthsago.Shedecidedthatshewasgoingtotrytojustusecashfortwoweekstomakeallofheressentialpurchasesandseewhatthatwoulddotoherspending.Shefoundshedidspendalotlessmoneybecauseitisincrediblyhardtopredicthowmuchcashoneisgoingtoneed—shewasforeverdrawingmoneyoutofcashpoints.Monthslater,shewasstillfindingcashstuffedinhertrouserpocketsandthepocketsofherhandbags.Duringtheexperiment,Barretttookatrainride.Ontheway,therewasanannouncementthattherestaurantcarwasnotcurrentlyacceptingcreditcards.Thetraincarswerefilledwithgroansbecausemanyofthepassengersweretravelingwithoutcash."Itunderlinesjusthowmuchthingshavechangedinthelastgeneration,"Barrettsays."Myparents,whentheywereyounger,usedtobudgetbyputtingmoneyintoenvelopes—they'dgetpaidandthey'dimmediatelyseparatethecashintopilesandputtheminenvelopes,sotheyknewwhattheyhadtospendweekbyweek.Itwasaveryeffectivewayforthemtokeeptrackoftheirspending.Nowadays,we'realloncreditcards,we'redoingonlinepurchases,andmoneyiskindofbecomingalessphysicalandmoreimaginarytypeofthingthatwecan'tgetourhandsaround."Q19.WhatdowelearnaboutSweden?Q20.WhatdidClaerBarrettwanttofindoutwithherexperiment?Q21.WhatdidClaerBarrettfindonhertrainride?Q22.Howdidpeopleofthelastgenerationbudgettheirspending?Passage3WhyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollegeYou’llbegrowingupinagenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintoretirementanddying.Youwillfacetheproblemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmoreandmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountriesandbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedtounderstandasacitizenandasataxpayerandasavoterwhat’sreallybehindthearguments.Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutureofthehumanpopulation.Solet’sstartwithafewproblems.Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeanstheywakeuphungry,theyarehungryallday,andtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeoplearelivinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeanstheydon’thaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway,theydon’thavesecurewatersuppliestodrink.Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.T