全新版大學(xué)英語第二版綜合教程4課文原文及翻譯全新版大學(xué)英語第二版綜合教程4課文原文及翻譯全新版大學(xué)英語第二版綜合教程4課文原文及翻譯資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月全新版大學(xué)英語第二版綜合教程4課文原文及翻譯版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：Theysaythatpridecomesbeforeafall.InthecaseofbothNapoleonandHitler,themanyvictoriestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossible,thatnothingcouldstandintheirway.Russia'sicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong.人道是驕兵必敗。就拿拿破侖和希特勒兩人來說吧,他們所向披靡,便以為自己戰(zhàn)無不勝,不可阻擋。但俄羅斯的冰雪衛(wèi)士證明他們錯了。TheIcyDefenderNilaB.Smith1In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,EmperoroftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland.HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.ButhewasnotpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow--theraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.冰雪衛(wèi)士奈拉·B·史密斯1812年,法國皇帝拿破侖·波拿巴率大軍入侵俄羅斯。他準(zhǔn)備好俄羅斯人民會為保衛(wèi)祖國而奮勇抵抗。他準(zhǔn)備好在俄羅斯廣袤的國土上要經(jīng)過長途跋涉才能進(jìn)軍首都莫斯科。但他沒有料到在莫斯科他會遭遇勁敵—俄羅斯陰冷凄苦的寒冬。2In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.Hitler'smilitarymightwasunequaled.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.Hitlerexpectedashortcampaignbut,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.1941年,納粹德國元首阿道夫·希特勒進(jìn)攻當(dāng)時被稱作蘇聯(lián)的俄羅斯。希特勒的軍事實1力堪稱無敵。他的戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)器掃除了歐洲絕大部分地區(qū)的抵抗。希特勒希望速戰(zhàn)速決,但是,就像在他之前的拿破侖一樣,他得到的是痛苦的教訓(xùn)。仍是俄羅斯的冬天助了蘇維埃士兵一臂之力。Napoleon'sCampaign3Inthespringof1812,NapoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenonthebordersofRussia.Thesoldierswerewelltrained,efficient,andwellequipped.ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy.Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.拿破侖發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)役1812年春,拿破侖在俄國邊境屯兵60萬。這些士兵受過良好訓(xùn)練,作戰(zhàn)力強(qiáng),裝備精良。這支軍隊被稱為大軍。拿破侖對馬到成功充滿自信,預(yù)言要在5個星期內(nèi)攻下俄國。4Shortlyafterwards,Napoleon'sarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoRussia.Thequick,decisivevictorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened.Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.Instead,theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow-movingsupplylines.不久,拿破侖的大軍渡過涅曼河進(jìn)入俄國。拿破侖期盼著的速決速勝遲遲沒有發(fā)生。令他吃驚的是,俄國人并不奮起抵抗。相反,他們一路東撤,沿途焚毀莊稼和民居。大軍緊追不舍,但它的長驅(qū)直入很快由于糧草運輸緩慢而停頓下來。5InAugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengagedatSmolensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside.Yet,theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussianterritory.Napoleonhadwonnodecisivevictory.Hewasnowfacedwithacrucialdecision.ShouldhecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmyOrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskfortheapproachingwinter到

了8月,法俄兩軍在斯摩棱斯克交戰(zhàn),這一戰(zhàn)役中,雙方各有上萬人陣亡。可是,俄國人仍能在自己的國土上繼續(xù)后撤。拿破侖未能取得決定性的勝利。此刻他面臨著一個重要抉擇。是繼續(xù)追擊俄國軍隊,還是把軍隊駐扎在斯摩棱斯克,在那兒度過將到的冬天6NapoleontookthegambleofpressingontoMoscow,448kilometersaway.OnSeptember7,1812,theFrenchandRussianarmiesmetinfiercebattleatBorodino,112kilometerswestofMoscow.Bynightfall,thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebattlefield.拿破侖孤注一擲,決定向遠(yuǎn)在448公里之外的莫斯科進(jìn)發(fā)。1812年9月7日,法俄兩軍在莫斯科以西112公里外的鮑羅季諾激戰(zhàn)。夜幕降臨時,3萬名法國士兵以及4.4萬名俄國士兵或傷或亡,倒在了戰(zhàn)場上。7Again,theRussianarmyretreatedtosafety.NapoleonhadaclearpathtoMoscow,buttheoccupationofthecitybecameanemptyvictory.TheRussiansfledtheircapital.SoonaftertheFrencharrived,aragingfiredestroyedtwo-thirdsofthecity.NapoleonofferedatrucetoAlexanderI,buttheRussianczarknewhecouldbidehistime:"WeshalllettheRussianwinterfightthewarforus."俄國軍隊再次撤往安全之處。拿破侖順利進(jìn)入莫斯科,然而,對該市的占領(lǐng)成為毫無意義的勝利。俄國人棄城而走。法國人進(jìn)城不久,一場熊熊大火燒毀了整個城市的三分之二。拿破侖向亞歷山大一世提出停戰(zhàn),但沙皇深知他可以等待時機(jī):“且讓俄羅斯的嚴(yán)冬為我們戰(zhàn)斗吧。”8Napoleonsoonrealizedhecouldnotfeed,clothe,andquarterhisarmyinMoscowduringthewinter.InOctober1812,heorderedhisGrandArmytoretreatfromMoscow.拿破侖很快意識到,他無法在冬天向遠(yuǎn)在莫斯科的軍隊供應(yīng)糧草、提供御寒衣物和宿營之地。1812年10月,他命令大軍撤出莫斯科。9TheFrenchretreatturnedintoanightmare.Fromfieldsandforests,theRussianslaunchedhit-and-runattacksontheFrench.AshortdistancefromMoscow,thetemperaturehadalreadydroppedtominus4degreesCelsius.OnNovember3,thewinter'sfirstsnowcame.Exhaustedhorsesfelldeadintheirtracks.Cannonbecamestuckinthesnow.Equipmenthadtobeburnedforfuel.Soldierstookillandfrozetodeath.TheFrenchsoldiersdraggedon,leavingthedeadalongeverymile.法軍的撤離成為一場噩夢。俄國人出沒于田野與森林,采用打了就跑的戰(zhàn)術(shù),向法國人發(fā)起攻擊。剛出莫斯科城,氣溫就降到攝氏零下4度。11月3日降下初雪。困乏的馬匹倒地而死。大炮陷入雪中。裝備只得被用作燃料焚燒。士兵們?nèi)静鏊馈７▏勘现_步行進(jìn),一路上留下無數(shù)死尸。10AstheRussianarmywasgatheringitsstrength,theFrenchhadtofleeRussiatoavoidcertaindefeat.AttheBerezinaRiver,theRussiansnearlytrappedtheretreatingFrenchbyburningthebridgesovertheswollenriver.ButNapoleon,byastrokeofluck,wasabletobuildtwonewbridges.ThousandsofFrenchsoldiersescaped,butatthecostoffiftythousanddead.OnceacrosstheBerezina,thetatteredsurvivorslimpedtowardVilna.正當(dāng)俄羅斯軍隊集聚兵力之時,法國人卻不得不逃離俄國,以避免注定的失敗。在別列茲那河,俄國人焚燒了漲水的河道上的橋梁,差點將后撤的法軍困于河邊。僥幸的是,拿破侖居然突擊造起兩座橋。成千上萬法國士兵得以逃脫,但卻損失了5萬人。渡過別列茲拿河,潰不成軍的幸存者一瘸一拐地向維爾紐行進(jìn)。11OfthesixhundredthousandsoldiersNapoleonhadledintoRussia,lessthanonehundredthousandcameback.TheweakenedFrencharmycontinueditsretreatwestwardacrossEurope.Soon,Britain,Austria,Russia,andPrussiaformedapowerfulallianceandattackedthesestragglers.InMarch1814,Pariswascaptured.Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile,hisempireatanend.拿破侖發(fā)兵60萬進(jìn)入俄國,只有不到10萬士兵返回。元氣大傷的法國軍隊在歐洲繼續(xù)西撤。不久,英國、奧地利、俄國以及普魯士組成強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)盟,攻擊這些散兵游勇。1814年3月,巴黎被攻占。拿破侖退位去過流放生活,他締造的帝國隨之滅亡。Hitler'sInvasion12Byearly1941,AdolfHitler