初高中英語銜接專題一：名詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點(diǎn)睛】一、名詞的數(shù)1．單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾 -s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：(1)一般情況在詞尾加-s,例如：booQbooks,girl告girlsboyfboyspenfpens,doctor告doctors(2)以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾白詞加-es,例如：busfbusesclassfclassesboxfboxeswatch告watchesbrushfblushes(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s,例如：orange—oranges。(4)以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y為"i再加-es,例如：cityfcities,factoryffactories,countryfcountries,familyffamilies注意的是以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只力口s,如：bo尸boys,day-days(5)以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:hero-heroes,potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-so例如：zo?zoos,radio—radios還有某些外來詞也只加-s,例如：photonphotos,pianofpianos。(6)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es,例如：knifefknivesleaffleaves,half-halves復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法情況讀法例詞在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][d3][F]回glasses,pages

等音后oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][g][v]等濁輔音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：marr^men,womanswomen,toothfteethfootffeetchildfchildrenmousesmicegoosegeese【注意】與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；man,woman等作定語時，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：menworkers,womenteachers有個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。Personapoliceman(9)數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如an-year-old數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如an-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。(10)還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers,clothes,chopsticks^glassesgoods,ashesscissorscompasses(11)只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學(xué)名詞：physics,mathematics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名詞：news,falls2.不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下兩種方法：(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any,agreatdealof等表示多少，例如：Many,afew,agreatnumberofTherichmanhasalotofmoney.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice.（2）用apieceof這類定語，例如：apieceofpaper,apieceofwood,apieceofbreadabottleoforange,aglassofwater（milk）,acupoftea如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：abagofrice,threebagsofricetwocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可數(shù)名詞也可用 alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格名詞所有格， 用來表示人或物的所有， 以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1.表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s',例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's,如：Children'sDay。Teachers’day,theStudents’Union在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用 ‘s,例如：atwentyminutes'walk，tenmiles'journey，aboat'slength，twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。無生命名詞的所有格則必須用 of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。雙重所有格，例如： afriendofmyfather's。如果兩個名詞并列， 并且分別有 's，則表示“分另U有“，例如：John'sandMary'srooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間， 共兩間）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（兩人各自的自行車）。John'sandMary'srooms_are___（be）big.兩個名詞并列，只有一個 's，則表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMary'sroom（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）。JohnandMary'sroom__is___（be）in thethirdfloor.【演練】Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I’vebeento .A.theHenryhouse.A.theHenryhouse.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shomeD.Henry’sInEngland,if isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.food.lunchC.breakfastA.food.lunchC.breakfastD.dinnerYoulookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundWhynottry A.threetimes.athirdtimeA.threetimes.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.onceTheyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem.somebottlesof.somebottlesofA.somebottlesofwaterswater

C.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters5.Mikehurtoneofhisintheaccident5.Mikehurtoneofhisintheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth.feetC.handD.earA.tooth.feetC.handD.ear.Thereissomeontheplate.A.cakes.meatC.potatoD.pearsA.cakes.meatC.potatoD.pears7.Thehastwo7.ThehastwoA.boys;watches.boy;watchC.boy;A.boys;watches.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watchThelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.tooth.toothsC.teethD.teethsThelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.tooth.toothsC.teethD.teeths.It'sdangeroushere.We'dbettergooutquickly.utIthinkweshouldletgooututIthinkweshouldletgooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren.AretheygoingtohaveapicniconA.Children'sDayB.Childrens'sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay.Jimisoneofhis_friends(friend).

.Therearemany__oxen(ox)onthefarm..Mary'sdressissimilarinappearancetohereldersisters(sister)..Therearetwoimportant_reasons(reason)whyweofferyouthegoodsnow..Shehastwo__babies(baby).Lastweek,shetookthem__totakemany__photos(photo).【練習(xí)答案】1.D2.B3.B4.B5.6.7.C8.C9.D10.1.D2.B3.B4.B5.6.7.C8.C9.D10.Michellehasfinallyrealizedoneofherlifelong(dream).Shealwayswantedtoattendthecooking(school)thatheradviser,Mr.rown,attended.Theschool,whichisin

rown,attended.Theschool,whichisinParis,acceptsonly(student)Paris,acceptsonly(student)every(year).ThestudentswhoareTherown'acceptedgenerallyhaveatleastthree(year)ofcooking(experience).Michellehasfiveyearsofpaidexperience.Therown'(project)whichattractedMr.(attenon),however,wasacakeMichellemadeforawedding.Mr.BrownhadnevertastedacakethatwasashighandcreamyastheoneMichellemade.HegaveMichellehiscardandinvitedhertobake_cakes(cake)athisrestaurantsbeginningthenextmonth.Itwashisinvitationthatbeganhercareerbakingforalargerestaurant.Nowsheiswaitingforthe(plane)toParis.、名詞的種類:專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞

II.名詞的數(shù):1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-eso現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下:規(guī)則 例詞一般情況在詞尾加 一般情況在詞尾加 -s以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es以-f或-fe結(jié)

尾的詞變-f以-f或-fe結(jié)

尾的詞變-f和-fe為

v再力口-es加-sleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,

knife-knives,

wife-wives,half-halves

chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,

roof-roofs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i 加-es5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-sparty-parties,

family-families,

story-stories,city-cities

toy-toys,boy-boys,

day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,

mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs侮關(guān)）,times（時代）,spirits（情緒）,drinks（飲料）,sands眇灘）,papers（文件報(bào)紙）,100ks（外表）,brains（頭腦智力）,greens倩菜）7表示某國人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese

以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches秒表）將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)womensingers,menservantsIII.名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表.示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加’構(gòu)成,是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1.'所有格的構(gòu)成：單數(shù)名詞在末尾加'stheboy'sfather,Jackbook,herson-in-law'sphot復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加'theteachers'room,thetwins'mother,不規(guī)貝愎數(shù)thechildren'stoys,名詞后加’s womensights,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加‘或者’表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均Dickens'novels,Charlesjob,theSmiths'houJapan'sandAmerica'problems,Janesandse須加's bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)

系時在最后一詞末

力口’S表示u某人家uU店鋪u,所有格后

名詞省略JapanandAmerica'sproblems,JaneandMaryfatherthedoctor's,thebarberthetailor's,myuncks,s1表示時間2表示自然現(xiàn)象3表示國家城市等地方的名詞4表示工作群2.'所有格的用法:today'snewspaper,fiveweeksholidaytheearth'satmosphere,t

tree'sbranchesthecountry'splan,theworlpopulation,China'sindutheship'screw,majority'trysview,體theteam'svictory5表示度量衡及價值amile'sjourney,fivedollarworthofapples6與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系的名詞thelife'stime,theplay7某些固定詞組abird'seyeview,astonethrow（一箭之遙）,atone's'end（不知所措）3.of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時： theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名詞化的詞： thestruggleoftheoppressed專題二：形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點(diǎn)睛】1.形容詞的用法(1)形容詞在句中作定語，表語，賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.(作定語)Thefishwentbad. (作表語)Wekeepourclassroom,cleanandtidy.(作賓(2)形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代詞時，形容詞放在名詞后面。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.(3)用and或or連接起來的兩個形容詞作定語時一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。 起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattendthemeeting.Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmall.(4)the+形容詞表示一類人或物Therichshouldhelpthepoor.2.副詞的用法（1）副詞在句中可作狀語，表語和定語。Hestudiesveryhard.（作狀語）Lifehereisfullofjoy.（作定語）Whenwillyoubeback?（作表語）副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類：1）時間副詞時間副詞通常用來表示動作的時間。常見的時間副詞有： nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如：Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing.2）地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來表示動作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見的地點(diǎn)副詞有： here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.3)方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答 “怎樣的？ ”這類問題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個形容詞加詞尾 -ly構(gòu)成的,有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾 -ly,它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有： anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily(angry),happily,slowly,warmly,well,hard,等。例如：Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.speakhighlyofDeepdeeplyHerunsveryfast.4)程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來修飾動詞或介詞短語。 常見的程度副詞有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有： how,when,where,why等。例如：Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(2)副詞在句中的位置1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語時放在動詞之后。 如果動詞帶有賓語，則放在賓語之后。例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.2)頻度副詞作狀語時，通常放在行為動詞之前，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和 be動詞之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面,但enough作副詞用時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.4)副詞作定語時，一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副詞的用法very,much這兩個副詞都可表示 “很”，但用法不同。Very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級，而 much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級。例如：SheisaverynicegirlI’mfeelingmuchbetternow.IamtallerthanTom.Much可以修飾動詞，而very則不能。例如：Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.also,too,either這兩個副詞都表示 “也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’rteadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither.already,yetalready一般用于語肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：Hehasalreadyleft.Haveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn'tansweredyet.so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒裝句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn'tlikedancingandneitherdoI.3.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(1)兩個人或事物的比較時(不一定每一方只有一個人或一個事物)，用比較級。Ourteacheristallerthanweare.Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.most同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示“極，很,非常，十分”。It'smostdangeroustobehere.在這兒太危險?！癟he+形容詞比較級...,the+形容詞比較級...”表示“越...就越...”。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Theharderyoustudy,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.“形容詞比較級+and+形容詞比較級”，表示“越來越...”。It'sgettinghotterandhotter.Moreandmore+adj(5)主語+謂語(系動詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.(6)the+形容詞，表示某種人。Healwayshelpsthepoor.(7)形容詞和副詞最高級用于三個或三個以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.【演練】sidesoftheTherearemanyyoungtreesonroad.sidesoftheA.every.eachC.A.every.eachC.bothD.allbothD.all2.—2.—It'ssocoldtoday.Yes,it'sthanitwasyesterday.A.morecold.morecolderC.muchcolderD.coldA.morecold.morecolderC.muchcolderD.cold3.LittleTomhasfriends,soheoftenplaysalone.3.LittleTomhasfriends,soheoftenplaysalone.A.more.alittleC.many4.Sheisn'D.fewtso-atmathsasyouare.begoodat

A.well.goodA.more.alittleC.many4.Sheisn'D.fewtso-atmathsasyouare.begoodat

A.well.goodC.betterD.bestbetterD.bestPeterwritesofthethree.A.better.bestC.goodHeisD.wellPeterwritesofthethree.A.better.bestC.goodHeisD.wellenoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.stronger.muchstrongerC..afew;aD.alittle;aTheboxisheavyforthegirlcarry.A.stronger.muchstrongerC..afew;aD.alittle;aTheboxisheavyforthegirlcarry.strongD.thestrongest7.Iboughtexercise-bookswithmoney.A.afew;afewlittleC.alittle;afewlittletoo+adj+todosthA.too;to.to;tooC.so;A.too;to.to;tooC.so;thatD.no;toTheiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.Itstrongenoughtoskateon.A.long.highC.A.long.highC.thick D.wideWuLinranfasterthantheotherboysin.muchC.thesportsmeeting..muchC.A.soveryD.tooJonelookssotodaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermathstest.A.happy.happilyC.angryA.happy.happilyC.angryD.angrilyThesmileonmyfather’fasceshowedthathewas withme.A.sad.pleasedC.angryA.sad.pleasedC.angryD.sorryMum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?Certainly,wecanbuy onethanthis,but this.A.abetter;betterthanaworse;asgoodasA.abetter;betterthanaworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;goodasThisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!yousee.A.cheapThe thebetter.I’yousee.A.cheap.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensiveIfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitas aspossible.A.often.longC.hardA.often.longC.hardD.soonPaulhas friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.many.someC.fewA.many.someC.fewD.more17.EnglishpeopleuseMr.17.EnglishpeopleuseMr.eforeaman’firstname.A.never.usuallyC.oftenA.never.usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes18.OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.Right.Thegovernmentspoke that.A.highlyfor.highofC.wellofD.highlyofRememberthis,children.carefulyouare, mistakesyouwillmake.Weknow,MissGao.A.highlyfor.highofC.wellofD.highlyofRememberthis,children.carefulyouare, mistakesyouwillmake.Weknow,MissGao.A.Themore;themorethemoreC.Themore;thefewerthelessIhave todotoday.A.anythingimportantimportantimportantnothing.Thefewer;Theless;B.somethingD.importantsomething21.Therearemany (Frenchman)inthefactory.Theyare__workers (work)whomakedifferentkindsof__watches(watch)22.Lastweeksome(child)wenttotheparktoseethe_beaiiful(beauty)flowers.Theyplayed_happily(happy)togetherthere.【練習(xí)答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B5.B6.C7.B8.A9.C10.B11.A12.B13.C14.B15.A16.C17.A18.D19.C20.B專題三：動詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練VtViIsitonthechair1.動詞的時態(tài)英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài)，其中常用的有種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。S+do/does+oS+don't/doesn1+丫原+。。。Do/does+s+V+一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作， 常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：usually,often,always,sometimes,onSunday,every,at,leavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3）表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中， 即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。Idon'twantsomuch.5)某些動詞如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等，在一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。Thetraincomesat3o'clock.6)在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中， 一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。I'llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.一般過去時的用法：S+V-ed+oS+didnt+V+Did+s+V+…表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句，如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等，上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.Ididn'tworkin Didyouworkin..【注意】UsedtodosthBe/getusedtodoingsthBeusedtodosth1)過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，也可用usedtogwould加動詞原形來表達(dá)，例如：IusedtogofishingonSundays.“usedto'也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如：Thisriverusedtobeclean.一般將來時的用法S+be(am,is,are)goingto+do+S+will/shall+do+..S+be(am,is,are)+not+goingto+do+S+will/shall+not+do+..1)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.2)表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.3)表示將來的意愿，決心，許諾，命令等時常用will,征求對方意見，主語是第一人稱時,常用shall。Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor?be+going+動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型，表示打算，計(jì)劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈?。IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.be+動詞不定式。表示有職責(zé)，義務(wù)，可能，約定，意圖等。 betodosthThereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.beabout+動詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。beabouttodosthwhen?.Theyareabouttoleavewhenitrainsheavily.(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法S+be(am/is/are)doingsthS+be(am/is/are)+not+doingsthwhen.Heiswatchingthefilmwhenthelightisoff.1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動作， 它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，而不管動作從什么時間開始，到什么時間結(jié)束。Whatareyoudoingnow?Iamlookingformykey.2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作（但說話時這個動作不一定在進(jìn)行）。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.3）某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作，這些動詞有arrive,come,leave,sta詹。Theyareleavingforshanghai.TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)①表示狀態(tài)的動詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動詞，如：be,have②表示認(rèn)識、知覺和情感的動詞，如：know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。(5)現(xiàn)在完成時的用法S+have/has+done+S+have/has+not+done+Have/has+S+done+1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作。Ihaveboughtabicycle.Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.2)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時常與for和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。 already,yet,eversinceWehavelivedheresince1976.Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours.【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響， 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較：seesawseenIsawthisfilmyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在)Ihaveseenthisfilm. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)(6)過去進(jìn)行時的用法S+be(was/were)+doing+S+be(was/were)+not+doing+Was/were+S+doing+表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。例如：IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情，但過去進(jìn)行時側(cè)重表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實(shí)，例如：Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.（上個月正在建造，建造好與否不知）Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.（上個月建造好了，動作已經(jīng)完成）（7）過去完成時的用法S+haddone+S+had+not+done+Had+S+done+過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，過去完成時常和by,before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandwordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.過去將來時的用法S+was/were+goingto+doS+would/should+doS+was/were+not+goingto+doS+would/should+not+do過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài)，過去將來時較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。例如：Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.2.動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。(1)被動語態(tài)1）被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是： be+及物動詞過去分詞2）被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞因?yàn)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z是動作的承受者， 某些短語動詞如lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等，也可用于被動語態(tài)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.Ilookafterthekid.Thekidislookedafterbyme.【注意】短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態(tài)時不可遺漏。3）主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加“ to”。此類動詞為感官動詞，如：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如：makeletTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Iheardhersingasong.Shewasheardtosingasong.4)主動形式表示被動意義如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,等動詞雖然用做主動形式卻表示被動的意義。例如：Thefoodtastesgood.Thebookssellwell.Theclothfeelssoft.3.非謂語動詞對非謂語動詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法；一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶to;有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語，但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)。(1)非謂語動詞的形式非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞， 分詞，動詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.allowsbtodosth（3）不定式作目的狀語Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語都可以的動詞這樣的動詞有感官動詞如： see,hear,look,notice,observe,fee等，使役動詞如：have,make,leave,keep,ge鮮。接不定式表示動作的完整性，真實(shí)性； +doing表示動作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個事實(shí)）Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見他正干活”這個動作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶to不定式的情況使役動詞如：let,have,make等和感官動詞如：see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。(6)接動名詞與不定式意義不同stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。Westoppedtohaveatea.stopdoing停止做某事。Westoppedhavingatea.forgettodo忘記要去做某事。 (未做)Iforgettobuymypen.forgetdoing忘記做過某事。 (已做)Iforgetbuyingapen.remembertodo記得去做某事。 (未做)rememberdoing記得做過某事。 (已做)trytodo努力，企圖做某事。trydoing試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。goontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。meantodo 打算、想 Ididn'tmeantohurtyou.meandoing意味著Missingthebusmeanswaitingforanotheroneforalongtime.Havingadeadlydiseasemeansdeath.4.容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析(1)say,speak,talk,tell 的用法。1)say表示講話，作為及物動詞使用，后跟賓語或賓語從句。Hesaid(that)hewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.2)speak表示“講話”，一般作為不及物動詞使用，而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?talk表示“談話”，是不及物動詞，與to,about,with等連用，才可賓語。Whatareyoutalkingabout?talkwith/tosb talkwithsbaboutsthMrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.tell表示“告訴，講述”是及物動詞，可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。tellsbsth/tellsthtosb

Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.(2)look,see,watch和watch的用法。look強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個動作，是不及物動詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Listen!Thegirlissingingasong.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?Thestudentslookattheblackboard.see指“看見”某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。Theycan'tseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday?watch指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.read指“看書”、“看報(bào)”、“閱讀”之意。Don'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.(3)borrow,lend和(3)borrow,lend和keep的區(qū)別borrow意思為“借入”，常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow. borrowsthfromsbMayIborrowyourdictionary?lend是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，是非延續(xù)性動詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動作。lendsthtosblendsbsthUncleWanhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?keep是“保存”的意思，動作可以延續(xù)。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.Ihavekeptthebookfortendays.bring,take,carry和get的用法。bring意思為“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?get是去某處將某物拿回來。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?wear,puton和dress的區(qū)另Uwear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.dress可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞，有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動詞用時，它的賓語是人，不是衣服。 dresssb/oneself.(給某人穿衣服)，而wear作“穿著”用時，也是及物動詞，但它的賓語是物，不是人，即wearsth.(穿著衣物)。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.take,spend,cost,pay和use的用法。take指做某事用多少時間，句型是： Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthroughtheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.Ittookmeonedaytoreadthebook.spend指某人在某事(物)上花費(fèi)時間或錢。句型是：Sbspendtime/moneyonsthSbspendtime/money(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.SthcostsbmoneyThebookcostmetenyuan.SbpaymoneyforsthIpaidtenyuanforthebook.(7)reach,get和arrive的區(qū)別。reachspgettosparriveat/inspreach是及物動詞，后面要直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.get是不及動詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時，不用 to,getto常用于口語中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.arrive是不及物動詞，表示到達(dá)一個小地方時，用arriveat,到達(dá)一個大地方時用 arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghai

tomorrow.【演練】Listen!Someofthegirls aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.A.aretalkingC.willtalk.talkD.talkedOurteacher,MissChen,tomorrow.【演練】Listen!Someofthegirls aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.A.aretalkingC.willtalk.talkD.talkedOurteacher,MissChen, Englishontheradiothedaybeforeyesterday.A.teachesC.willteachIdon’tthinkIbefore..taughtD.hadtaught youinthatdressA.haveseen.wasseeingD.seeSusan’sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithD.seeA.must.canC.mustn’tD.canA.must.canC.mustn’tD.can’tCoffeeisready.Howniceit !Wouldyoulikesome?A.looks.smellsA.looks.smellsC.soundsD.feels“Mr.Zhu,you’dbetter toomuchmeat.A.nottoeatYouarealreadyoverweight,"saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatthisor.toeatC.noteatD.eatthisorDon'talwaysmakeMichaelushthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,"Mr.saidtohiswife.ushA.do.todoC.doesD.didA.do.todoC.doesD.didA.review9.Don'tA.takeawaytakeout10.YouA.review9.Don'tA.takeawaytakeout10.YougoandaskMeimei.She.Sorry,Ican'thearyouclearly.WillyoupleaseyourE-mailaddress?Illwriteitdown..reciteC.reportD.repeatyourcoat,Tom!Itseasytocatchcoldinspring..takeoffC.takedownD.A.must;canknowtheanswer.A.must;can.must;mayC.need;canD.can;mayI'msorryyouvemissedthetrain.ItA.leftleft10minutesago.A.leftleft.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenIboughtanewdictionaryanditme

30yuan.A.paid.spentC.tookD.costMum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?youA.Do;finishyourhomeworkyet?.Are;finishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finishedIhavetogonow.Pleaseremembertothelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoff.turndownC.turnupD.turnonAtalkonCheA.begiven30yuan.A.paid.spentC.tookD.costMum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?youA.Do;finishyourhomeworkyet?.Are;finishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finishedIhavetogonow.Pleaseremembertothelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoff.turndownC.turnupD.turnonAtalkonCheA.begivenD.willgive.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenLook!Howheavytherainis!You'dbetterA.don'tgonow.stayherewhenitstopshadbetter(not)dosthC.notleaveuntilitstopsD.nottoleaveatonceA.isdone17.YoumaygofishingifyourworkA.isdone.willbedoneC.