正如任何事物都有兩面性一樣，應(yīng)用程序也不例外。一方面，眾多的應(yīng)用程序會給智能使用者帶來方便。在他們的連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)后，他們可以做大量的事情：購物、與朋友聊天、收郵件、開會議、閱讀、看等。另一方面，不能忽視手機應(yīng)用程序的影響。首先，有一些應(yīng)用程序可能會導(dǎo)致信息，這對用戶來說是很的。其次，過度使用智能對人的身心健康都有危害。最后，過度依賴手機應(yīng)用程序可能會使人們沉迷于虛擬的世界，與外界脫節(jié)，忽視身邊的一切?？傊瑧?yīng)該理智地使用應(yīng)用程序。在享受它帶來的便利的同時，人們也應(yīng)該保持清醒，避免陷入complain抱怨； y適當(dāng)?shù)豯eakagevirtual虛擬的；事實上的thought-provoking引人深思的bedependenton依賴于over-reliance過度依賴isolate使：使孤立intend意在，想要overlook忽略becaughtin陷Asisdepictedinthepicture，awomantalkstoaman，complainingoftheweakpointsofThethought—provokingpictureintendstowarnthatappsshouldbetreatedappropriayandpeopleshouldnotbeoverlydependentonthem．Ontheonehand，itisconvenient．．．Ontheotherhand，thenegativeeffectscausedby…beoverlooked．Firstly…．Secondly，．．．Lastbutnotleast，．．．Toconclude，mobileappsshouldbeutilizedinawisetoconclude是下結(jié)論和總結(jié)全文的常用表達(dá)，意為“總之”，相當(dāng)于tosumup，inaword或insummary等。在文章的最后，進(jìn)一步歸納和深化能使論證更完整。題2-262[單選題A.TakinganB.Drawinggraphs.D.Havingaclass參考解析：W:Jim,thankgoodness,you'vearrived.[1]TheclasspresentationstartedhalfanhouragoandIwasjustbeginningtopanicM:Iamsorry.I'mlate,Allen.Thismorninghasbeenarealmess,andIdidn'tthinkIwasgoingtomakeithereatall.W:Whyareyoulate?OurwholepresentationdependsonthesegraphsyouareM:Yes,Iknow.I'lllyouaboutitlater.Firstlet'sseehowwearengtotime.Twogroupsarestillaheadofus,aren,tthey?[2]Thepresentationontherightsoftheconsumersandtheysisofthestockmarket.[3]ThatmeansI'vegotabouttwentyminutestosortW:Youdolookcold.WhatM:I'vebeenstandingoutsideinArctictemperatureforoveranhourwaitingforaW:Overanhour?ButIthoughtyourapartmentwasonlyaten-minutebusridetoyourM:Onnormalconditionsitis.[4]ButthebuswasdelayedbecauseoftheweatherandwhenIsteppedintoadrugstoretocallhomeforaride,thebuswentby.Asluckwouldhaveit,therewasnooneathome,soIhadtowaitanotherforty-fiveminutesforthenextbus.W:Sosorryaboutwhatyouexperienced.Well,westillgettwentyminutestogatherourwitstogether.M:We'dbetterstoptalking;peopleareturningaroundandlookingatus.Whatarethestudentsngwhenthemanarrivesin【聽前預(yù)測】四項均為現(xiàn)在分詞，可能考查正在做某事；從選項中的exam、classdiscussion等可大致推斷發(fā)生在學(xué)校。本題可能考查正在做某事，內(nèi)容可能與【解析】對男士說“你終于到了!課堂報告半個小時前就開始了，我已經(jīng)開始了。”可見，正在做課堂報告，故選C。D.Art參考解析：Whatclassarethemanandwomanprobablytaking?【聽前預(yù)測】選項表示不同【解析】中并未直接涉及學(xué)科，但提到了兩個報告的，即“消費者權(quán)利”和“股票市場分析”，兩者都屬于商學(xué)范疇，可推斷答案為A。4[單選題A.LessthantenB.AbouttwentyC.Halfanhour.參考解析Howmuchtimedothemanandwomanhavebeforetheyaddresstheclass?【20分鐘的時間來準(zhǔn)5[單選題A.BecauseofthebadB.BecauseitbrokeC.BecauseofthecrowdoutsideaD.Becausethetrafficwas參考解析：Whywasthebusthemanwasgoingtotakedelayed? 均以because開頭，本題可能考查某件事的原因；四個選項描述的都是的情況．很可能與某件消極的事情有關(guān)?！窘馕觥恐心惺空f，車因為天氣原因晚點了，當(dāng)他走進(jìn)一家藥店給家里打讓他們開車送他時，車開走了?？梢娷囃睃c是因為天氣不好，故選A。6[單選題A.MoreworkasanB.AhigherC.AlongerD.Aresearch參考解析：M:o,ProfessorMiller.Youwantedtoseeme?W:Oh,yes,Tom.Thanksforcoming.It'saboutyourworkasateachingassistant.I'vejustreadyourevaluations,theonesthestudentsfilledouttowardtheendofthesemester.M:Yes?Well,howwereW:Wouldyouliketotakealook?Outofapossiblescoreoffive,yougotafour-point-eight.That'sveryhigh,Tom.M:Well,whatapleasantsurprise.W:[5]Whenweseesuchahighscore,wegenerallytrytokeeptheteachingassistantonalittlelongerandperhapsevenaskthemtocovermoreclasses.Whatdoyousay,Tom?Wouldyouliketohandleadoubleloadinthefall?M:Isurewould,butIdon'tknowifIcan.Nextfallwillbemylastsemesterofcourse-workformymaster'sandI'llbeverybusyngresearchonmythesis.[6]CouldIhaveafewdaystothinkaboutit?W:Certainly.Iwouldn'twantyoutofallbehindinyourcourse-work,[7]butIdothinkyoushouldconsidergettingmoreexperienceintheclassroom.[8]Youseemtohavearealgift.M:[8]Thanksforthecompliment,W:Letmeknowbythebeginningofnextweek,willyou?M:Sure.I'lldropbyagainonMondayorTuesday.WhatdoesProfessorMilleroffer【聽前預(yù)測】四項均為名詞性短語，很可能是回答以what開頭的提問，各項分別是：教師職位的工作、更高的工資、更長的假期和一項研究任務(wù)。具體信息需聽清?！窘馕觥块_始說男士在助教評估中獲得了4．8分(滿分5分)，是一個相當(dāng)高的分多的課。然后問男士在秋季時愿不愿意上雙倍的課，因此提供給男士的是教師職位的工作，故選A。7[單選題A.He'llstartnextB.Hewouldn'tenjoyC.HeneedstimetoD.Hewantshisadviser's參考解析：What'sTom'sanswertoProfessorMiller'soffer?【聽前預(yù)測】四項均以he開后一個學(xué)期，做研究將會很忙，接著男士請給他幾天時間考慮一下，因此答案為8[單選題A.FinishhisdegreeintheB.LetsomeoneelsereadhisC.ConsidertakingfewerD.Getmoreteaching參考解析：WhatdoesProfessorMillersuggestTomdo?【聽前預(yù)測】四項均以動詞開頭，考查做某事。結(jié)合四個選項(在秋季完成、讓其他人讀他的評估、考慮減少課程以及獲得的執(zhí)教經(jīng)驗)可知，動作發(fā)出者應(yīng)該是男士?！窘馕觥空f她不希望男士在課程上，但她覺得男士應(yīng)該獲得的課堂經(jīng)驗，即執(zhí)教經(jīng)驗，故選。9[單選題A.Tom’stalentforB.Tom’sinterestingapproachtoC.ApresentTomreceivedforD.Acongratulatoryletterfromthe參考解析：Whatsegttherrsto?【昕前預(yù)測】四個選項湯姆的教學(xué)天分、湯姆有趣的研究方法、湯姆獲得的畢業(yè)以及從系里收到的祝賀信都是名詞性短語，要重點聽清。【解析】建議男士在課堂上獲得經(jīng)驗，接著贊美男士很有天分，男士對的贊揚表示感謝。這里的gift不指，而是“天賦，才能”的意思，是指他的教學(xué)天賦，因此答案為A。A.ToreviewmaterialcoveredinanearlierB.Tochangestudents’approachtoC.TopointoutanexampleofgoodD.Togiveanassignmentforthenext參考解析：【原文】Bymeendoftheterm，IhopeyouwillbeconvincedasIamthatformalwritingalwaysrequiresrevision．Sometimesitrequiresafairlymajorrewritingofthepaper．Somestudentshavethemistakenideathatrevisionmeanssimplymakingcorrectionsinspellingandgrammar．Icallthatproofreading．[9]WhatIexpectyoutodowithyourreviseistoevaluateandimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofyourpaper．Buthowcanyoulifyourpaperiseffective?Well，forexample,startbyaskingyourselfthesequestions：Isthetopicrestrictedenoughtobefullydiscussedwithinthegivenlength?Arethemainideasclear?Aretheysupportedbyspecificdetailsandexamples?Dotheymovesmoothlyfromoneideatothenext?Youneedenoughtimeforapossiblemajoroverhaul．Thatisyoumayhavetomakealotofchangesbeforeyourpaper esreallycleartothereader.[11]SoI'llexpectapreliminarydraftofeachpapertwoweeksbeforethefinalduedate.ThatwayIcancriticizeitandgetitbackintimeforyoutoreviseit.Thenyoucansubmitafinaldraftforgrading.Thisprocessmayseemlikeagreatdealoftroubleatfirst,butIthinkyou'llfinditvaluable.Infact,afteryoufinishthiscourse,Idoubtthatyouwilleverturninatermpaperwithoutfirstrevisingitcarefully.Whatisthepurposeofthe兩項提到writing，考查內(nèi)容可能與寫作有關(guān)?！窘馕觥勘绢}考查短文的主旨。開頭處說話人希望學(xué)生相信正式寫作是需要校正、修的是想改變學(xué)生的寫作方式，故答案為B。TocorrectmistakesinspellingandTomakesmoothtransitionsbetweenToaddmorespecificdetailsandToimproveoverall參考解析：Whatshouldbethestudents'maingoalastheyrevisetheirwork?【解題思路】四行評估和改進(jìn)的方法。不是目標(biāo)，所以主要目標(biāo)就是改善文章的整體效果，故選D。WithinthefirstweekofTwoweeksbeforethefinaldueBytheendoftheAweekafterthelastWhenshouldthefirstdraftsbeturnedin?【解題思路】四項均表示時間，解題稿，而且學(xué)生可以及時拿回初稿以便修改，故答案為B。文中的preliminary與問題中的first為同義轉(zhuǎn)換。A.Milderweatherinrecentyears．B.AnincreaseingasolinepricesC.ConstructionofbicyclepathsD.Theinventionofsturdy參考解析：【原文】Tenyearsago,thestrangecyclistspromotingenergeticallythroughthefirstsnowstormoftheyearwasararesightoftencapturedinfi.Today,however,itisestimatedthatfourtofivepercentofcyclistsbicycleayearround.[12]Theincreasedpopularityofwintercyclingcanbeattributedtothecreationofthemountainbikeanditssubsequentimitations,outfittedwithpartsmoresturdythanthoseofyesterday.Equippedwiththeirmorestablebicycles,nothingseemstostopthenewbreedofwintercyclists.Withstreetsdryandclearonmostwinterdaysmanywintercyclistswearrunningshoesandprotectthemselvesfromcoldbywearingdown-hillskiingclothes.Onwetdayscyclistscanwearspecialwater-proofbootsovertheirshoes.[13]Butforallofitspopularity,thereisadownsidetowintercycling.Evenmountainbikescan'twithstandwintersnowandrainwithoutextensivemaintenance.[14]Butonebicyclestoreownerisinthefinalstagesofdeveloayear-roundbicyclewithinnovatedcompletechaincover.Withbicyclechainscovered,cyclistswouldneedtocleanandoiltheirchainsonlyonceeverysixmonthsinsteadofonceaweek.[15]Despiteherinvention,however,shestilladvisescycliststotakeataxiorbuswhenitissnowingheavily,notbecausetheconditionsaretootoughforbicyclesbutbecauseshebelievesbikerscan'thaveconfidenceinthepeoplewhodrivecarsondaysofreducedAccordingtothespeaker,whathasencouragedmorepeopletocyclein【解題思路】兩項與自行車相關(guān)自行車道的建設(shè)、結(jié)實的自行車的發(fā)明，另外兩項近些年的溫和天氣、汽油價格的上升與自行車無直接聯(lián)系，有效信息不太明確，這時解題的關(guān)鍵就是準(zhǔn)確把握?！窘馕觥块_頭說，十年前奇怪的騎車人賣力地騎著自行車在第一場暴風(fēng)雪中前行的場景是很少見的，只有在里才經(jīng)?？吹?。而現(xiàn)在預(yù)計有％～5的人整年都騎自行車。冬季騎車的愈加流行可能是因為山地車和后續(xù)配備了比以前更結(jié)實。clothing．B.Bicyclemaintenance．C.Increasedillness．D.Increasedcommuting參考解析：Whatproblemwithwintercyclingdoesthespeakermention?【解題思路】四個【解析】提到，有了更穩(wěn)固的自行車，似乎沒有什么能新型的冬季騎車人。冬季大多數(shù)時間街道干燥整潔，許多騎車人穿跑鞋，穿滑雪服避寒。下雨的時候，騎車人可以問題，選B。A.Ahead—B.Achaincover．C.Hand參考解析：Whatinventiondescribedbythespeakerwillmakecaringforbicyclesinwintereasier?【解題思路】四個選項“車頭燈”、“鏈蓋”、“手剎”、“更厚的輪胎”都是【解析】提到自行車保養(yǎng)的問題后馬上用but轉(zhuǎn)折，一家自行車店的創(chuàng)新性地造出了全封閉式的鏈蓋。自行車鏈條被完全密封起來，騎車人將只需每六個月對車鏈進(jìn)。AddextraoiltotheirbicycleWearspecialcyclingTakepublicDriveacartotheir參考解析：Whatdoestheinventorsuggestcyclistsdoondaysofveryheavysnowfall?【解題思路】四項均為動詞，考查做某事，結(jié)合四個選項(給自行車零件上的油、戴特制【解析】最后提到，盡管發(fā)明了全封閉式的鏈蓋，當(dāng)雪下得非常大的時候，她還是建議騎車人打車或坐車，不是因為這些狀況太糟糕無法騎自行車，而是因為她覺得在能見度降低的時候，騎車人不能相信那些開車的人，因此答案為C。WhentheygrowupinaparticularsetofWhentheytraveltoanothercountrythatthey’renotfamiliarWhen etotallydependentontherulesoftheirsocialWhentheystarttolearnaforeign參考解析：【原文】Thesubjectoftoday'slectureiscultureshock:grouppressureinaction16]Cultureshock,asyouknow,isthetermusedtodescribetheexperiencemanypeoplehavewhentheytraveltoanothercountry,anditcanbeseenasamanifestationofgrouppressureinaction.Itisagoodexampleofgrouppressure,becauseitshowswhathappenswhenanindividualsuddenlyexperiencesdifferentculturerules,therulesofanotherculturalgroup.Nowcultureshockisacomplexphenomenon,andtherearcdifferentstagesofthisexperience.Infact,cross-culturalstudiesoncultureshockhaveimmensepracticalvalueformodernsociety.InthislectureI'mgoingtofocusonthereasonswhypeopleexperiencecultureWhydopeopleexperiencecultureshock?Thinkaboutthisforaminute.[17]Whenyougrowupinaparticularsetofsurroundings,naturallyyougetusedtotherulesandguidelinesthaternthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundyou.Inasense,you etotallydependentontherulesofyoursocialgroup.Youdon'ttendtoquestionthem;youjustacceptthemwithoutthinking.Theserulesareoftennotclearlyarticulated,andtherefore,you'renotawareoftheirimpact.Inotherwords,youarenotnecessarilyconsciousofthem.Theyonly eimportantwhen,forexample,yougotoanothercountryoradifferentenvironmentthat'sernedbyadifferentsetofrules.[18]Infact,thisexperiencecanbesoshockingthatithasbeencomparedtohavingabucketofcoldwaterthrownoveryou.Cultureshockhappenspreciselybecauseyoucannotuseyourowncultureasamaptoguideyourownbehaviorandyourownunderstandingofwhatsurroundsyou.[19]You'retotallyoutofcontrol,justasifyouweredrivingalongahighwayinthedark,withoutaroadmap.Andbecauseofthis,peopleoftenbehaveirrationally.It'sahighlystressfulexperience,andtherearedifferentsymptomsindifferentstages...Whendoescultureshockusuallyhappenformany【解題思路】四項均以when開頭，本題考查的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是某種行為或現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的時間，聽時應(yīng)首先辨明選項中they的指代對象，然后將重點放在四項的關(guān)鍵信息上(particularsurroundingsAnothercountrydependentontheruleslearnaforeign產(chǎn)生的一種感受”，因此可以得出B項為正確答案。其他三項均與講座內(nèi)容不符，故排TheyarefrequentlyquestionedbypeopleunwillingtoacceptTheydiffergreatlyamongdifferentsocial ernthebehaviorofpeoplewhoaredependentonTheyareclearlyarticulatedandtheirimpactisalways參考解析：Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttherulesandguidelinesinthesurroundingswherepeoplegrowup?they的描述性句子，且均為一般現(xiàn)在時。they指代的不是某些人，而是某種事物或現(xiàn)象。本題考查的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是某個細(xì)節(jié)，聽時應(yīng)注意對細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取以及對整體內(nèi)容的把握和理C項為正確答案。A、D兩項與講座中的表述正好相反，B項講座中并未提及，故排除。PeopleareshockedbythedifferencebetweentheforeigncultureandtheirTheattitudetovisitorsofthepeopleinaforeigncountryisreallyTheforeignculturethatpeopleexperiencemaybetotallydifferentfromwhattheyPeoplemayrunintobudgetshortfallswhentraveltoanother參考解析：Whatdoesthespeakermeanbymentioning"abucketofcoldwaterthrownoveryou"?【解題思路】四項均為一般現(xiàn)在時的描述性句子。本題考查的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是某個細(xì)節(jié)，聽時應(yīng)注意對細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取，并留意四個選項中的關(guān)鍵信．(shockedbythedifference，attitude…cold，foreignculture，budgetshortfalls)?！袄?，你去到另一個國家或者一個不同的環(huán)境中，被一套不同的規(guī)則所支配。事實上，這種感受會令你非常，就像被一桶冷水澆在身上。正是因為你無法將自己原本的文化當(dāng)作一張地圖，用來指導(dǎo)你自身的行為以及對周圍環(huán)境的認(rèn)知，文化沖擊就這樣發(fā)生了?！币虼丝梢缘贸鯝項為正確答案。其余三項講座中均未提及，屬于干擾項，可排除。本題考查比喻的修辭手法，難度較大，需要考生對語境和語義TheyoftendrivealongahighwayintheTheyoftenbehaverationallywithoutTheyneedaroadmaptoguidetheirThey'retotallyoutofcontrolandfeelhighly參考解析Whathappenstopeoplewhentheyexperiencecultureshock?【解題思路】四項they的描述性句子；其中三項表示的內(nèi)容含有某種消極意義。根據(jù)四個選項描they指代的是人而不是物。本題考查的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是某個細(xì)節(jié)，有可能涉“你完全失去了控制，就像行駛在中的公，沒有地圖的指引。因此，人們通常會做出非理性的行為。這是一種高度緊張DYoucanfindajobbyjustporingoverhelp-wantedLookingforajobmeansknockingonthedoorandCollegegraduatescanfindajobatanypointoftimeonline.D.Findingajob esmucheasierforcollegegraduates.參考解析：【原文】Itusedtobethatlookingforajobmeantpoundingthepavement,knockingondoorsandporingoverhelp-wantedads.Butthat'schanging,thankstotheInternet.[20]AnewreportbyGeorgetownUniversity'sCenteronEducationandtheWorkforcesays,forcollegegraduates,lookingforajobisgettingeasier.Thereport'sleadauthor,TonyCarnevale,spoketoVOA,appropriayenoughonline,viaSkype."Morethan80percentofthosejobsthatexisted,atanypointintime,areavailableonline."Attheheightoftherecession--whenU.S.unemploymentpeakedat10percent,justalittlemorethantwomillionjobswerebeingpostedeachmonth.[21]Butastherecoverytakeshold,Carnevalesaysthejobpicturelooksincreasinglybright."We'renowatabout3.7millionjobopeningsoutthere.Bythetimetherecoveryisdone,wethinkwe'llgettomaybefivemillionjobopeningsonline."That'sgreatnewsforGeorgetownJuniorJamilHamilton.Onlyoncehasheeverappliedinforajobatashopmall."Ithinkmygeneration--theideaofgoingdoortodoor,outknockingandsaying,heyareyouhiring?—likethat—doesn'texistanymore..,thosedaysaregone,justgoonline."[22]KimDancyrecentlygraduatedwithaMaster'sdegreeinPublicPolicy.Shefoundherdreamjobasaneducationpolicyresearcher.Butshesaysfindingtheperfectjobonlinetakesalotof"Itcanbereallyfrustratingandittakesalongtime,butifyouappliedforenoughpositionsandreallydoyouryouwillgetsomewhere."Thereport'sfindingssuggestcareersintheso-calledSTEMfields--Science,Technology,EngineeringandMath—providethegreatestopportunities,withsalariesthatrangebetween30to45anhour.Butfor umincomeandsatisfaction,ProfessorCarnevalesaysworkersmustbepreparedtomoveandchangejobsatleasteveryfiveyears.Accordingtothelecture,whatchangehastheInternetbroughtlookfor／findajob。本題考查的內(nèi)容與找工作有關(guān)，by【解析】講座開頭部分提到，由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的存在，“徘徊，挨家挨戶敲門，關(guān)注急聘報告稱，對于大學(xué)畢業(yè)生拳說，找工作正變得越來越容易。因此可以得出D項為正確答案。A項中提到的“關(guān)注急聘”和B項中提到的“挨家挨戶敲門、詢問”都是以往找C項。A.Therewon'tbeenoughjobvacancyB.Therewillbea3.7millionincreaseinjobopeningsbeforeC.ThejobpicturewillbebrighterwitheconomicD.TwomillionnewjobswillbepostedonlineonadailyWhatdoesCarnevalesayaboutthejobpicture?【解題思路】四項均為一般將來【解析】講座中卡內(nèi)瓦萊的話提到：“隨著經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇愈加平穩(wěn)，求職的前景越來越光C項為正確答案。卡內(nèi)瓦萊表示：“現(xiàn)有的職位中，80％以上任何時候都可以在網(wǎng)上找到。”可見網(wǎng)上的職位并非不夠充足，A項可排除?？▋?nèi)瓦萊說：“我370500萬個空缺職位?！惫士膳懦鼴項?！?00萬”是經(jīng)濟最為嚴(yán)重時每個月網(wǎng)上發(fā)布的新職位數(shù)據(jù)，不是將要發(fā)生的事情，故D項也可排除。A.ShefoundherdreamjobasaneducationpolicyB.ShegotnowhereinfindingajobduetoalackofC.Shefailedinjob-huntingfornothavingappliedforenoughD.ShefeltthatherMaster'sdegreewasnothelpfulatWhatdoweknowaboutKimDancyaccordingtothespeaker?【解題思路】四個【解析】講座后半部分提到：“金·丹西最近拿到了公共政策專業(yè)的。她找到了自己夢寐以求的工作——教育政策研究員?！币虼丝梢缘贸鯝項為正確答案。B項中的C項中的“申請足夠的職位”都是金·丹西提到的能夠幫助在網(wǎng)上找到工作的條件，而D項是根據(jù)Master’sdegree設(shè)置的干擾項，故三項均可排除。A.ItmayresultinariseintheratesofinfectiousB.ItmaygiverisetoabreakdowninC.ItmayleadtodecreasesinagriculturalD.Itmaybringaboutimmediateincreasesinhospital參考解析：【原文】Theimpactofclimatechangeissogreatthatitcouldunderminethelast50yearsofgainsinglobalhealth,accordingtotheLancetCommissionreport.Weatherextremesmadeworsebyclimatechangearepotentiallycatastrophicandunacceptable,saysCommission'sprojectleaderNicolasWatts,whospoketoVOA."[23]Intermsofdrought,weoftenseecorrespondingdecreasesinagriculturalproductivity,whichtheninturnhasaprofoundimpactonmalnutrition,particularlyforchildren,andwithfloodsweoftenseeariseintheratesofinfectiousdiseasesandotherdiseasesthathappenasaresultofabreakdowninsanitation."Andincreasingly,it'sjusthotter,whichcanbedeadly.Anextremeheatwavein2003left70,000peopledeadacrossEurope."Andthosesortsofeventsareexpectedtoincreaseinintensityandseverityastimegoeson."TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatunlessdramaticactionistakentoreduceglobalwarmingemissionsby2030,approximay250,000peoplewilldieeachyearfromtheeffectsofclimatechange.Outdoorairpollutionislinkedtosomethreemilliondeathsworldwide.[24]Wattssaysashiftfromcoal-firedpowerplantstorenewableenergycangreatlyreducethatdanger."Weseeimmediatedeclinesinhospitaladmissionsandinhealthcarecosts,whichreducesburdenofalreadystrugglinghealthbudgets.Therearemanyotherwaysforustodosomethingtoprotecttheenvironment.Forexample,youcandecreasetherelianceoncarsandmotorvehicles,andtrytoencourageactivetransportlikecyclingandwalking.Youcanevendecreasetheratesofdiabetesandobesitywhileprotectingtheenvironment."Inordertoreducetheeffectsofclimatechangeonglobalhealth,theCommissionmakesmendations,includingaphase-outofcoalpowerplants,expansionofrenewableenergy,investmentinhealthsystemsandacommitmenttoastrongglobalclimatetreaty.Wattspublichealthisatthecoreofanewglobal"Mostofwhatyouwanttodotorespondtoclimatechangeisgoodforpublichealth,anditisactuallyamuchbrighterfuture."[25]Wattssayshealthcareprofessionalscanbeadvocatesinthebattleagainstclimatechange.Healsosayswhatisgoodfortheplanetisgoodforpatientcare.AccordingtoNicolasWatts,whatimpactcandrought【解題思路】四項均以it開頭，且表示某種事物導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果或產(chǎn)生的影響。聽時先弄【解析】在短文中尼古拉斯·沃特提到，就干旱來說，它通常會導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量相應(yīng)減少，c項。A、B兩項并不是干旱的所造成的結(jié)果或影響，可排除；中間部分提到，從燃煤發(fā)電廠轉(zhuǎn)變到可再生能源可以減少空氣污染，使得入院人數(shù)隨即降低，因此D項不符合文意，可排除。A.DecreasingtherelianceoncarsandmotorB.Ashiftfromcoal-firedpowerplantstorenewableC.EncouragingactivetransportationlikecyclingandD.Acommitmenttoastrongglobalclimate參考解析：WhatdoesNicolasWattsthinkwillgreatlyreducethedangerofoutdoorairpollution?【解題思路】選項中兩項為名詞短語，兩項為動名詞短語，表示的內(nèi)容均為某，聯(lián)土，此提的這就是室空氣染故正答為B項。Ac兩項是后提到的其他兩種環(huán)保方式，但并沒有直接說這可以極大地減少空氣污染的，且兩項類似的建議同時出現(xiàn)，因此不可能為正確答案。氣候變化影響了全世界人們的健康，D是后文對此幾點宏觀性建議之一，不符合題意，故排除。A.TheWorldHealthD.Professionalsinhealth參考解析：AccordingtoWatts,whocanserveasadvocatesinthebattleagainstclimatechange?【解題思路】四項均為名詞或名詞短語，表示某類人或某個組織。本題考查細(xì)【解析】結(jié)尾部分提到，沃特稱醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生專家們可以成為應(yīng)對氣候變化行動中的倡導(dǎo)者，因為D項為正確答案。中提到了A、B兩項，但與題意不符，可排除；C項中27-36Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthis26,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist(人類學(xué)家),thereisnointrinsic27ofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchy(制.amongPeopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsas28andundevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthe29ofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsor30structures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,which31theobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemto32themachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisingly33.andcomplicated.Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,34anewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewed35,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.N.27[單選題]第（26）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN和。從這種[6]意義上說，每個群體都有一種文化，不管在我們看來，它是多么野蠻、不發(fā)達(dá)或未開化。對于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家而言，沒有哪種文化在本質(zhì)上比另一種[7]優(yōu)越，這就像對于專業(yè)的語言學(xué)家而言，語言之間并沒有內(nèi)在的等級一樣。人們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為群體的語言就是[8]野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的言語形式，主要包括咕噥和呻吟。盡管一般來說，語言有可能是以一系列的咕噥和的形式開始的，但是，通過對“”語言的研究證實，今天沒有哪種語言符合這種描述。按照我們的最嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來講，作為[9]傳遞思想的工具，多數(shù)未開化人群的語言極其復(fù)雜、縝密，并具有獨創(chuàng)性。這些語言在語音模式或[0]語法結(jié)構(gòu)上通常能完全滿足語言的所有需求，并不于我們西方的語言，比我們的只是[1]反映這些說話者所知物體及活動的詞匯。然而，即使是在這方面，也有兩點值得一提：1．所有語言都[]擁有拓展詞匯的機制，要么是通過將現(xiàn)存詞匯組合在一起來拓展，要么是通過從其他語言中借入一些詞并將其改造以適應(yīng)自身體系來實現(xiàn)。2．在這些[3]‘‘的”語言中，盡管那些需要名字及區(qū)分的物體及活動與我們不同，它們卻都經(jīng)常是多得出奇、復(fù)雜得出奇。[35]獨立看待，而在句中作狀語。分析此短語可知，inthissuperiority、transfer、identification、sense四項，inthissense，inthissense講”，符合此處文意，故選M。28[單選題]第（27）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNisno件的單詞有三個：superiority意為優(yōu)越性”，transfer意為“轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)換”，identification意為“鑒別；明”。本句的大意是“沒有哪種文化在本質(zhì)上比另一種優(yōu)越”，因此，只有superiority符合文意。29[單選題]第（28）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN參考解析：語法判斷：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空缺少一個形容詞，與并列的形容詞undeveloped共同修飾后面的名詞forms。語義判斷：符合上述語法條件的形容詞有四個：savagegrammatical意為“語法的”，numerous意為“許多的”，exclusive意為“單獨的”。把這四項代入原文后可知savage比較貼合文意。30[單選題]第（29）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNfortheofideas之中。分析此短語可知，該空缺少一個名詞。語義判斷：符合上述語法條件的單詞有transfer和identificationtransferofideastransferofideas(傳遞思想)符合這里的語義表達(dá)，故選D。31[單選題]第（30）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN參考解析：語法判斷：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空所處的位置是not…or…并列結(jié)構(gòu)，intheirsound形成并列關(guān)系的名詞或形容詞，來修飾后面的structures。語義判斷：結(jié)合前面28題的“語義判斷”，可知只有形容詞grammatical(語法的)符合這里的語義表達(dá)，修飾后面的structures，表示“語法結(jié)構(gòu)”，故F。32[單選題]第（31）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNwhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的名詞vocabularies．該空應(yīng)填入一個動詞作謂語。語義判斷：符合上述語法條件的單詞有conceive(構(gòu)想)、reflect(反映)possess(擁有)三個。結(jié)合此處文意“反映這些說話者所知物體及活動的詞匯”，可知reflect為正確答案。33[單選題]第（32）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN參考解析：語法判斷：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空缺少一個動詞，構(gòu)成seemtodosthconceivepossess兩個。結(jié)合語境，本句的大意是“所有語言都擁有拓展詞匯的機制”，因此possess為正確答案。34[單選題]第（33）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN參考解析：語法判斷：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空缺少一個形容詞作表語，和complicated并列。語義判斷：結(jié)合前面28題和30題的“語義判斷”，并結(jié)合此處文意“多得出奇”，可知應(yīng)填入numerous，故選I。35[單選題]第（34）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNthisstudycasts(投射；鑄造)和reveals(揭示)兩個。結(jié)合語境，本句的大意是“對于語言的研究反過來讓人們對人類學(xué)家的斷言有了新的認(rèn)識”，因此，只有casts符合。castanewlighton／upon意為“使人們36[單選題]第（35）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN該空應(yīng)填入一個副詞來修飾前面的動詞view。語義判斷：符合上述語法條件的單詞有independently和 ly兩個。結(jié)合語境，本句的大意是“所有的文化都該被獨立看待”，可知independently為正確答案，故選J。37-46WhatDotheHumanitiesTeachHumanitiesprofessorshavecomeupwithaseeminglyfoolproof(無懈可擊的.defenseagainstthosewhotrashdegreesin,sayEnglishliteratureorphilosophyaswastedtuitiondollars,one-wayticketstounemployment.Ohno,wesay—thehumanitiespreparestudentstosucceedintheworkingworldjustaswellasallthoseallegedpracticalmajors,maybeevenbetter.Weoffertoolsofthought.Weteachourstudentstounderstandandyzecomplexideas.Wehelpthemdeveloppowersofexpression,writtenandverbal.Thelengthyessaysweassignenhancetheircapacitytodoindependentwork.Atourbest,weteachthemhowtoreason--andreasoningundergirds(從底層加強，鞏固.everysuccessfulprofessionalproject.Intheshortterm,suchadefensemayseemeffective.Butitisdeadwrong.IntheChronicleofHigherEducation,adistinguishedhumanitiesscholarrecentlywrotewithprideaboutastudentofhis,aclassicsmajor,whowrotebrilliantlyonSpinozayetplanstoeamilitarysurgeon.ArecentarticleinBusinessInsideroffered"11ReasonstoIgnoretheHatersandMajorintheHumanities."Forexample:You'llbeabletodothingsmachinescan'tdoinaserviceeconomy.You'lllearntoexplainandsellanidea.You'llstandoutinthecrowdinthecomingSTEMglut(供應(yīng)過剩..Inthesamepublication,BrackenDarrell,thechiefexecutiveofLogitech,talkedaboutwhyheloveshiringEnglishmajors:"ThebestCEOsandleadersextremelygoodwritersandhavethisabilitytoarticulateandverbalizewhatthey'reSomeofmycolleaguesaregettingquiteaggressiveaboutthislineofreasoning."Ithinkweactuallydoabetterjobgettingpeoplereadyforlawschoolandbusinessthanthepeopleineconomicsdo,"agoodfriendwhoteacheshumanitiestoldmenotlongago.Itseemsthatthere'snoproblem,then.Wantsuccess?Comeonin,ourtentflapisopen.Butthehumanitiesarenotaboutsuccess.They'reaboutquestioningsuccess--andeveryimportantsocialvalue.Socratestaughtusthis,andweshouldn'tforgetit.Sure,someonewhostudiesliteratureorphilosophyislearningtothinkclearlyandwritewell.Butthoseskillsaremeanstoanend.Thatend,asPlatosaid,islearninghowtoliveone'slife."Thisdiscussionisnotaboutanychancequestion,"Plato'sSocratessaysinTheRepublic,"butaboutthewayoneshouldlive."That'swhat'sattheheartofthehumanities—informed,thoughtfuldialogueaboutthewayweoughttoconductlife.Thisdialoguehonorsnopieties:Allpositionsaredebatable;allvaluesareupfordiscussion.RalphWaldoEmersonspeaksforthespiritofthehumanitiesinSelf-Reliancewhenhesaysthatwe"mustnotbehinderedbythenameofgoodness,butmustexploreifitbegoodness."Hewillnotacceptwhattheworldcalls"good"withoutconsideration.He'lllookintoitasSocratesdidandseeifitactuallyisgood.WhenMontaignedoubtsreceivedopinionsandaskshimselfwhathereallyknowsandwhathedoesnot,heisactinginthespiritofthehumanities."Quesais-Je?"or"WhatdoIknow?"washismotto.Socrates,whoprobablyconcentratesthespiritofthehumanitiesbetterthananyone,spenthistimeramblingaroundAthensaskingpeopleiftheythoughttheywerelivingvirtuouslives.Hebelievedthathiscitywasgettingproudandlazy,likeanoverfedthoroughbredhorse,andthatitneededhim,thestinginggadfly(牛虻.,towakeitup.TheAthenianshadtoaskthemselvesifthelivestheywereleadingreallyweregoodSocratesdidn'thelpthemworktheirwaytosuccesshehelpedthemworktheirwaytoinsightandvirtue.Now,Americansareinlovewithsuccess—successfortheirchildreninparticular.Asaparentofsonsintheir20s,Iunderstandthisandsympathizewithit.Butourjobashumanistsisn'ttosecondwhatevervalueshappentobeinplaceinsociety.We'reheretoquestionthosevaluesandmaybe--using