揚(yáng)州大學(xué)2022年碩士研究生招生考試初試試題（A卷）上，寫在本試題紙或草稿紙上科目代碼241科目名稱英港 滿分也上，寫在本試題紙或草稿紙上注意：①認(rèn)真閱讀答題紙上的注意事項(xiàng)；②所有答案必須寫在均無虹斛試題紙須隨答題紙一起裝入試題袋中交回1PartOneUseofEnglishDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefallowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassageandwriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,1pointforeach)Communicatingclearly-toyourboss,co-workers,friends,children,spouse-isacriticalpartofyoursuccessandyour_1_toimprovetheconditionsyouliveandworkin.Manypeoplethinkthatgoodcommunicationisbom,not_2_,andthatsomepeoplearejust_3_goodspeakersandmotivators.Theythinktherestofusarejust_4_tositonthesidelines.Communicationisahabit.Andbeingahabit,itcanbe_5_andmastered.Itis_6_animportanthabit,infact,thatit_7_itsownstep,itsownplace_8_thepathtosuccess.Ifsalsoalittledifferent._9_theothergoodhabitsyouaretryingto_10_,thisoneisnotjust_11_self-directedcontrolandinnerfbcus.Communicationisinteractionoutsideyourselfwithotherpeople,andabouttheabilitytogauge(測(cè)量，衡量)a_12_sothatyouconveytherightthingatthe_13_time.Lifeisaboutthe_14_withotherpeople:thoseaboveus(ourboss),those_15_us(ouremployeesandchildren).The_16_ofcommunicationisabouthowtomake_17_witheachofthesegroupssothattheycanhelpyouachieveyour_18_,andyou,inturn,canhelpthemachievetheirs.Foreventhoughyouareontheroadtoself-improvement,it'snota_19_you'retakinginavacuum.Ifyoucan'tcommunicatewithpeople,youhavedramatically_20_youchancesforsuccess.1.A)abilityB)partC)desireD)intention2.A)formedB)builtC)producedD)made3.A)clearlyB)naturallyC)obviouslyD)simply4.A)destinedB)devotedC)delightedD)decided5.A)affectedB)createdC)moldedD)learned6.A)butB)justC)suchD)so7.A)deservesB)declaresC)affirmsD)confirms8.A)alongB)forC)withD)on9.A)UnlikeB)LikeC)AsD)Despite10.A)maintainB)trainC)nourishD)establishILA)merelyB)aboutC)theD)for12.A)plightB)circumstanceC)situationD)surrounding13.A)rightB)trueC)improperD)exact14.A)talkingB)contactingC)mixingD)dealing15.A)aroundB)besideC)underD)by16.A)technologyB)craftC)artD)technique17.A)friendsB)contactC)peaceD)through18.A)resultsB)effectsC)purposesD)goals19.A)journeyB)routeC)processD)course20.A)lostB)ruinedC)narrowedD)worsenPartTwoReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereare4passages.Eachpassageisfallowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)fC)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand'writeyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointsforeach)Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Intheearlieststagesofman'sdevelopmenthehadnomoreneedofmoneythananimalshave.Hewascontentwithverysimpleformsofshelter,madehisownroughtoolsandweaponsandcouldprovidefoodandclothingforhimselfandhisfamilyfromnaturalmaterialsaroundhim.Ashebecamemorecivilized,however,hebegantowantbettershelter,moreefficienttoolsandweapons,andmorecomfortableandmorelastingclothingthancouldbeprovidedbyhisownneighborhoodorbytheworkofhisownunskilledhands.Forthesethingshehadtoturntotheskilledpeoplesuchassmiths,leatherworkersorcarpenterswhowerespringingupeverywhere.Itwasthenthatthequestionofpaymentarose.Atfirsthegotwhathewantedbyasimpleprocessofexchange.Thesmithwhohadnotthetimetolookafterlandorcattlewasgladtotakemeatorgrainfromthefarmerinexchangeforanaxeoraplough.Butasmoreandmoregoodswhichhadnofixedexchangevaluecameonthemarket,exchangebecametoocomplicatedtobesatisfactory.Anotherproblemarosewhenthosewhomadethingswantedtogetstocksofwoodorleather,oriron,buthadnothingtoofferinexchangeuntiltheirfinishedgoodswereready.Thusthedifficultiesofexchangeledbydegreestotheinventionofmoney.Insomecountries,easilyhandledthingslikeseedsorshellsweregivenacertainvalueandthefarmer,insteadofpayingthesmithforanewaxebygivinghimsomemeatorgrain,gavehimsomanyshells.Ifthesmithhadanyshellsleftwhenhehadboughthisfood,hecouldgetstocksoftherawmaterialsofhistrade.Insomecountriesquitelargethingssuchascowsorcamelsorevenbigflatstoneswereusedfortrade.Later,piecesofmetal,bearingvaluesaccordingtotherarityofthemetalandthesizeofthepieces,orcoinswereused.Moneyasweknowithadarrived.Whywereearlymencontentwiththeirsimplelife?Theydidnothavemoney.Theyhadnobettertoolsthantheirroughones.Theyhadbeencivilized.Theylivedinself-sufficiency.Asmenbecamemorecivilizedthey.gotthingsfromotherskilledhandshadtotravelalottolookforwhattheywantedalllearnttomakewhattheywantedthemselvesfoundeverythingfromtheirneighborhoodTheword"rarity”(Line6,Para.3)means.A)valueB)purity C)unusualnessD)barenessThesystemofexchangegotdifficultbecausethiskindofthinghappened:.theshoemakercouldnotgetleatherfromthehunterbecausethehunterhadnoleatherthehunterwouldnotexchangehisleatherforshoesbecausehedidnotwantanyshoesthehunterwouldnotgiveleathertotheshoemakerbecausetheshoemakerhadnoshoesreadytogivehimthehuntercouldnotgetleatherfromtheshoemakerbecausethehunterhadnoshoesMoneywasnotuseduntil.anurgentneedforitwasfelttheexchangeofonethingforanotherbecametoocomplicatednothingcouldbeofferedinexchangeasimpleprocessofexchangecametobepracticedQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe'sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystarttowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness,asheseesit,ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimes,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical.26.Whycriminallawisveryimportantinrealpolicemen'slife?Theyhopetobecomeprofessionallawyers.Theyhopetobecomejudgesoneday.Theyneedtochaseafterthemurders.Theyneedtojustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals.Whichofthefollowingfactsistrueofarealpoliceman?Hespendmostofhisworktimechasingafterthecriminals.Hespendmuchofhisworktimediscussingthecasewithothers.Inmostcases,theyspendlittleeffortfindingcriminals.Inmostcases,theyspendmuchtimepatrollingthestreet,rainorshine.Accordingtothepassage,arealpolicemanmustfeel.A)disastrousB)deterioratingC)distressingD)jubilantWhydotherealpolicemenfeelthepressureintheirwork?Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases.Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.Becausetheyhavedifferentopinionsonpunishingthecriminals.Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardand,inmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesCoastGuardrequirements,lifepreserversmustbesimpleindesign,reversible,capableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.Sufficientbuoyancytosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hourinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditionswhichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifepreservershouldbereversible,sothatitisnearlyimpossibletosetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifepreservershouldalsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.Whatthemaintopicofthepassage?A)Theusefulnessoflifepreservers. B)Thedesignoflifepreservers.C)Thematerialsforlifepreservers. D)Thebuoyancyoflifepreservers.Accordingtothepassage,alifepreservershouldbe,firstandforemost,.A)adjustableB)disastrous C)burdensomeD)self-rightingThelifepreserverisNOTrequiredbyUnitedStatesCoastGuardtobemade.A)withasfewstringsaspossible B)capableofbeingwornonbothsidesC)accordingtoeachwearer'ssize D)comfortableandlighttowearWhatdoes6€theuninitiatedindividual”(Line4,Para.1)referto?Thepersonwhohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserver.Thepersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewater.Thepersonwhousesalifepreserverwithoutpermission.Thepersonwhobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.Thewaterwouldchokehim.Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Awater-coveredplanetfacingawatercrisisseemsparadoxical.AndyetthatisexactlytherealityonplanetEarth,where97percentofthewateristoosaltytoquenchhumanthirstortoirrigatecrops.Tacklingwater-shortageissueswithdesalination-drawingfresh,drinkablewateroutofsaltyseawater-iscommoninthedesertnationsoftheMiddleEast,theCaribbeanandtheMediterranean.Butasthecostofdesalinationdropsandthepriceanddemandforwaterclimb,countriesintemperateregionsareturningmoreandmoretothesea.Peoplehavebeenpullingfreshwateroutoftheoceansforcenturiesusingtechnologiesthatinvolveevaporation,whichleavesthesaltsandotherunwantedconstituentsbehind.Saltysourcewaterisheatedtospeedevaporation,andtheevaporatedwateristhentrappedanddistilled.Thisprocessworkswellbutrequireslargequantitiesofheatenergy,andcostshavebeenprohibitivefornearlyallbutthewealthiestnations,suchasKuwaitandSaudiArabia.Tomaketheprocessmoreaffordable,modemdistillationplansrecycleheatfromtheevaporationstep.Apotentiallycheapertechnologycalledmembranedesalinationmayexpandtheroleofdesalinationworldwide,whichtodayaccountsforlessthan0.2percentofthewaterwithdrawnfromnaturalsources.Membranedesalinationreliesonreverseosmosis-aprocessinwhichathin,semipermeablemembraneisplacedbetweenavolumeofsaltwaterandavolumeoffreshwater.Thewateronthesaltysideishighlypressurizedtodrivewatermolecules,butnotsaltandotherimpurities,tothepureside.Inessence,thisprocesspushesfreshwateroutofsaltwater.Mostdesalinationresearchoverthepastfewyearshasfocusedonreverseosmosis,becausethefiltersandothercomponentsaremuchsmallerthantheevaporationchambersusedindistillationplants.Reverse-osmosisplantsarealsomorecompactandenergy-efficient.Althoughreverse-osmosisplantscanofferenergysavings,theearliestmembranes,madefromeitherpolyamidefibersorcelluloseacetatesheets,werefragileandhadshortlifespans,oftennolongerthanthreeyears.Thesematerialsarehighlysusceptibletocontaminantsinthesourcewater_particularlychlorine,whichhardensthemembranes,andmicrobes,whichclogthem.Anewgenerationofso-calledthincompositemembranes,madefrompolyamidefilms,promisestoeliminatetheseproblems.Thoughstillsusceptibletocontamination,thesenewmembranesaresturdier,providebetterfiltrationandmaylastupto10years.Technicalperformanceisimportant,butitalonedoesnotdrivetheadoptionofdesalinationasasourceofcleanwater.Withorwithouttechnicalimprovements,themarketfordesalinationequipmentwillverylikelyshowhealthygrowthinthenext10yearsascitiesandotherconsumersrealizethepotentialandfavorableeconomicsofexistingequipment.Hundredsofsuppliersarealreadysellingmanythousandsofpiecesofequipmentannually.Thesedesalinationunitsrangeincapacityfromafewgallonsaday(smallemergencyunitsfbrlifisrafts)toseveralmilliongallonsaday(municipalsystems).Todaythebestestimateisthatabout1percentoftheworld'sdrinkingwaterissuppliedby12,500desalinationplants.Nodoubt,thisisonlythebeginning.Inthefuture,thewaterinyourglassmayhaveoriginatedintheseas.Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphmeansthat.thereshouldbenowatercrisisonawater-coveredplanetalthoughnoteasytounderstand,theEarthdoesfaceawatercrisisitisunbelievablethatthereisawatercrisisonEarththewatercrisiscaneasilybetackledbecausetheEarthisawater-coveredplanetEvaporationdesalination.ismoreaffordablethanmembranedesalinationleavesnothingtobedesiredisaworkablesolutionforturningsaltyseawaterintodrinkingwaterisprohibitedinsomenationsintheMiddleEastWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthenewgenerationofcompositemembranes?Theyarestrongerthantheoldones.Theyarefreefromcontamination.Theycanbetterfiltertheimpurities.Theyaremuchmoreenduringthantheoldones.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatmembranedesalination.willsupersedealltheotherdesalinationtechnologiestendstobethecheapestdesalinationtechnologyisfarfromperfectisnobetterthanevaporationtechnologyThispassageismainlyabout.desalinationresearchwatercrisisonEarthmembranedesalinationthefutureofdrinkingwaterSectionBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,2pointsforeach)SomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercomeToughTimesUnfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,aromanticrelationshiporahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon'tlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsI'velearnedalongtheway. Fearisbothusefulandharmfill.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,“Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.^^Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination. Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocusonthepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxiousaboutthefuture.Youmayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththethingsandcircumstancesyoucannotchange.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.Enjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbedesignedintothepresent. Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething. Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorr