1(2020·濟(jì)南市高三年級學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量評估)SolothurnisapicturesquetowninthenorthwestofSwitzerlandknownprimarilyforitsclosestrelationwiththenumbereleven.Itseemslikeeverythinginthisplacewasdesignedaroundthismagicalnumber,fromthefactthattherearepreciselyelevenchurches,aswellaselevenhistoricalfountains,elevenmuseumsandeleventowers,totheunusualclockinthetownsquarethatfeaturesaneleven－h(huán)ourdialandthenumbertwelvemissing.AlthoughnearlyeveryoneinSolothurnknowsaboutthetown’sobsessionwiththenumbereleven,theoriginofthatiscoveredinmystery.ThefirstmentionofeleveninSolothurn’shistorydatesbackto1252,whenelevenmemberswerefirstelectedforthetown’scouncil.AnothergreatexampleofSolothurn’sobsessionwiththenumberelevenisthemagnificentCathedralofSt.Ursus.DesignedbyItalianarchitectGaetanoMatteoPisoni,itwasbuiltinelevenyears.Itfeaturesthreesetsofsteps,eachnumberingelevenrows,elevendoors,elevenbellsandelevenaltars(祭壇),oneofwhichismadeoutofelevendifferenttypesofmarble.Interestingly,thealtarscanbeviewedatthesametimefromonlyoneplaceinthecathedral,theeleventhblackstoneinthelongcentralpart.ThepeopleofSolothurnalsoshowanintenseinterestinthenumberelevenintheirdailylife.Therearespecialcelebrationsheldoneleventhbirthdays,andtherearelocalproductsandbusinessesthatincludethespecialnumber.Thereis“?ufi－Bier”(Beereleven),“eleven－iSchokolade”(eleven－Chocolate),andeven“?ufiyoga”(eleveno’clockyoga).ThemysteriousrelationshipbetweenSolothurnandthenumberhasbecomeoneofthetown’sprimarytouristattractions,andthereisevenathemedtouraboutthenumbereleven.1.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutSolothurninParagraph1?A.Itsuniquedesigns.B.Itsculturalorigin.C.Itsnaturalattractions.D.Itsconnectionwithnature.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Thenumbereleven.B.ThecityofSolothurn.C.Solothurn’sloveforeleven.D.ThehistoryofSwitzerland.3.WhatistheCathedralofSt.Ursuslike?A.Itsstepscontain33rowsinall.B.Itsdoorsaremadeoutofmarble.C.Ithaselevenbellsoneachstep.D.Ithaselevenaltarsinthecenter.4.WhatdoweknowaboutthepeopleofSolothurn?A.Theyattachgreatimportancetotourism.B.Theybringnumbereleventodailylife.C.Theyleadabusybutcomfortablelife.D.Theyareexpertatdesigningproducts.【答案】1-4ACAB【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了Solothurn這個地方的人們對數(shù)字11(eleven)的喜愛。1.段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，尤其是本段第二句中的“Itseemslikeeverythinginthisplacewasdesignedaroundthismagicalnumber，fromthefactthat...”可知，第一段主要講述了Solothurn的城市布局、建筑等的設(shè)計(jì)都與數(shù)字11有關(guān)。由此可知，文章第一段講述的是Solothurn獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)。故選A。2.指代判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AlthoughnearlyeveryoneinSolothurn...iscoveredinmystery.”可知，“that”指代句子前半部分中的“thetown’sobsessionwiththenumbereleven”。故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第五句“Itfeaturesthreesetsofsteps...differenttypesofmarble.”可知，教堂有三組臺階，每組有11級臺階。由此可知，教堂共有33級臺階。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“ThepeopleofSheirdailylife.”以及其后的“specialcelebrations”與“l(fā)ocalproductsandbusiness”等可知，Solothurn的人們已經(jīng)將數(shù)字11融入了他們的日常生活。故選B。2Vaccination(接種疫苗)isamongthemosteffectivewaystohelpuspreventdiseases.Forvirusesthatdon'tchangetoomuch—themeaslesvirus(麻疹病毒),forexample—gettingvaccinatedisaonce-and-for-allmethodtopreventyoufrombecominginfectedwiththevirus.Ifyouhadtwomeaslesvaccineswhenyouwereachild,youwouldbeprotectedforlife.However,it'sadifferentstorywhenitcomestoinfluenza(流行性感冒),commonlyknownas“theflu”,whichgenerallypeaksbetweenDecemberandFebruary.Fluvaccinescannotprotectusinthelongterm.Thereisnolong-termimmunity(免疫),accordingtoTheodoreStrange,associatemedicaldirectoratStatenIslandUniversityHospitalinNewYork.“Thevirusessentially‘changesitscoat’—H1N1,H2N3,andsoon,”hetoldthewebsiteHealthline.Apartfromaperson’simmuneprotectionfromfluvaccinationdecliningovertime,fluvirusesarealsoconstantlychanging.Sothevaccinesarelikelytobeupdatedfromoneseasontothenexttoprotectagainstthevirusesthatresearchsuggestsmaybethemostcommonduringtheupcomingfluseason.Thus,todevelopeffectivefluvaccines,over100nationalinfluenzacentersaroundtheworldconductyear-roundsurveillance(監(jiān)測)forinfluenza.Researcherswilltestthousandsofinfluenzavirussamplesfrompatients,accordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).TheWorldHealthOrganizationalsosuggeststherearethreeorfourinfluenzavirusesthataremostlikelytospreadamongpeopleduringtheupcomingfluseason.Butevenwhenavaccineisdeveloped,gettingitcanprovetobedifficult,asitisinhighdemandandshortsupply.Thetimingofinfluenzavaccineproductionanddistributionisunpredictable,thustheavailabilityofthefluvaccinesupplydoesnotalwaysmeetpeakdemand.Soscientistsprioritizeaccesstothevaccination.TheCDCrecommendskeypopulations,suchasmedicalstaff,teachers,students,childrenandthoseaged60andabove,receivefluvaccines.Thisyearthesituationseemsmorecomplicated,astheupcomingfluseasoncoincideswiththeCOVID-19pandemic.Thiscouldoverwhelmhospitals,straining(過度使用)resourcesandhealthcareworkers,time.5.Whatdoweknowaboutinfluenza?A.Influenzavirusesarecontinuouslychanging.B.ItcommonlypeaksbetweenNovemberandDecember.C.Gettingtwofluvaccinescanprotectpeopleagainsttheviruses.D.H1N1andH2N3arethemosteasilyinfectiousfluviruses.6.Howdoresearchersimprovefluvaccines?A.Theyupdatevaccinesonceayear.B.Theymonitorthefluthroughouttheyear.C.Theyfocusononeortwovirusesduringaperiod.D.Influenzacentersworldwidesharevirussamplesfrompatients.7.Whydoscientistsprioritizeaccesstothevaccination?A.Becausenotallpeoplecanaffordit.B.Becausesomepeoplerefusetogetvaccinated.C.Becausethevaccineisnotsafeforeveryone.D.Becausethevaccinefailstomeetthedemand.8.Whatdoestheauthor’sattitudetowardstheupcomingfluseason?A.Worried. B.Positive.C.Confident. D.Skeptical.【答案】5-8ABDA【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了接種疫苗是幫助我們預(yù)防疾病的最有效方法之一，有的疫苗可以一勞永逸的保護(hù)接種人，而流感疫苗則是個例外。并介紹了流感疫苗的相關(guān)知識，如其生產(chǎn)研發(fā)，市場行情以及優(yōu)先接種流感疫苗的人群等。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Apartfromaperson’simmuneprotectionfromfluvaccinationdecliningovertime,fluvirusesarealsoconstantlychanging.(除了一個人對流感疫苗的免疫保護(hù)隨著時間的推移而下降外，流感病毒也在不斷變化。)”可知，流感病毒在不斷變化。故選A。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Thus,todevelopeffectivefluvaccines,over100nationalinfluenzacentersaroundtheworldconductyear-roundsurveillance(監(jiān)測)forinfluenza.(因此，為了研制有效的流感疫苗，全世界100多個國家流感中心對流感進(jìn)行了全年監(jiān)測。)”可知，為了研制有效的流感疫苗，研究人員全年監(jiān)測流感。故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Butevenwhenavaccineisdeveloped,gettingitcanprovetobedifficult,asitisinhighdemandandshortsupply.Thetimingofinfluenzavaccineproductionanddistributionisunpredictable,thustheavailabilityofthefluvaccinesupplydoesnotalwaysmeetpeakdemand.(但是，即使研制出疫苗，也很難獲得疫苗，因?yàn)橐呙绲男枨罅亢艽螅夜┎粦?yīng)求。流感疫苗生產(chǎn)和分發(fā)的時間是不可預(yù)測的，因此流感疫苗供應(yīng)的可獲得性并不總是與高峰需求相吻合)”和倒數(shù)第二段“Soscientistsprioritizeaccesstothevaccination.(所以科學(xué)家們優(yōu)先考慮接種疫苗。)”可知，因?yàn)橐呙缧枨罅亢艽?、供不?yīng)求，并不總是能滿足需求，所以科學(xué)家們優(yōu)先考慮接種疫苗。故選D。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thisyearthesituationseemsmorecomplicated,astheupcomingfluseasoncoincideswiththeCOVID-19pandemic.Thiscouldoverwhelmhospitals,straining(過度使用)resourcesandhealthcareworkerstime.(今年的情況似乎更加復(fù)雜，因?yàn)榧磳⒌絹淼牧鞲屑竟?jié)恰逢新型冠狀病毒肺炎大流行。這可能會壓垮醫(yī)院，占用資源和醫(yī)護(hù)人員的時間。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為因?yàn)榻衲昙磳⒌絹淼牧鞲屑竟?jié)恰逢COVD-19大流行，所有這種情況會更復(fù)雜，使醫(yī)院、醫(yī)療資源和醫(yī)護(hù)人員不堪重負(fù)，因此對醫(yī)務(wù)工作者來說，這可能比以往任何時候都更具挑戰(zhàn)性，從而推斷作者持擔(dān)心的態(tài)度。故選A。3(2020·深圳市高三第二次檢測)EastAfricaisexperiencingtheworstdesertlocust(蝗蟲)outbreakindecades.Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion,andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks,urgentactionsandfundsareneededtopreventahumancrisis.TwentymillionpeopleinsixoftheeightEastAfricancountriesmostaffectedbyanongoingdesertlocustoutbreakareatriskofseriousfoodinsecurity.Consideredamongthemostdestructiveofmovingpests,anadultlocustcanconsume2gofplantsperday,affectingcropsandgrasslands.Agrouptypicallyholds20to150millionlocustspersquarekilometerandcanmovehundredsofkilometersperday,invadingareascoveringmillionsofsquarekilometers.Anactivegroup,therefore,candestroycropsandgrasslandswithinaveryshortperiodoftime.Thatglobalwarmingcouldincreasetheriskofthedesertlocustcrisiswasproposedovertenyearsago,andinFebruary,theUNSecretary－GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋風(fēng))generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts.Theoutbreakhasitsoriginsin2018,whenaseriesofcyclonesintheArabianPeninsula(阿拉伯半島)enabledthewarmandwetconditionsthedesertlocustrequiresforbreedinginremoteregions.Thoughourfocushereismigrationwest,dreadfuloutbreaksofthedesertlocusthavebeenexperiencedtotheeast.Thesituationisgoingoutofcontrol.Arescueoperationandfinancialsupportneednodelay.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138millionforrapidresponseandimmediateaction—controllingthespreadofthedesertlocustandsafeguardinglivelihoods.Theysaythemathsisclear:abouthalfthefundingisneededforsupervision,groundandskycontrol,andunitingefforts;theotherhalfisneededforlivelihoodsandfoodsecurityoffarmers.Theyhavecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactnowthroughfunding.However,bytheendofFebruary,justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised.ThismostalarmingcrisishasdevelopedandisworseninginEastAfrica.Thefundsneededtocontrolthesituationbecomeverydifficulttoachieveandthegapisabigconcern.9.WhydoesthecrisishappeninEastAfrica?A.Thereisabigpopulationthere.B.Therearelargedesertsandgrasslands.C.AfricalieswestoftheArabianPeninsula.D.Climategoodforbreedingplaysarole.10.WhydoesthewriterlistthosefiguresinPara.2?A.Towarnoftheterribledamagecausedbylocusts.B.Tohelpusunderstandhowlocustslive.C.Toshowhowmanylocuststherearenow.D.TodrawapictureofpresentAfrica.11.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.Thecrisisisnotnoticeduntilrecently.B.Moremoneyisneededtopreventthecrisis.C.Thecrisishasbeenthefocusoftheworld.D.LocustsareallfromtheArabianPeninsula.12.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.KillinglocustsbeforetoolateB.Globalwarming,aworldproblemC.ThefundinggapforthelocustcrisisD.Africa，acrisis－strickenplace【答案】9-12DABC【解析】本文是說明文。主要介紹了東非蝗災(zāi)的抗災(zāi)資金嚴(yán)重短缺的情況及蝗災(zāi)的其他相關(guān)情況。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Climateeventshaveaccelerated...expectedincomingweeks”及第三段中的“theUNSecretary－GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthat...theperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts.”可知，有利于蝗蟲繁殖的氣候發(fā)揮了作用，故選D。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中列舉的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出，東非蝗災(zāi)影響的國家多、人數(shù)多及蝗災(zāi)的危害大。由此可推知，作者列舉那些數(shù)據(jù)的目的是告知蝗蟲造成的嚴(yán)重破壞，故選A。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的第一句“TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasput...US$138million”和最后一句并結(jié)合最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，抗擊蝗災(zāi)需要很多資金，然而，資金缺口卻非常大，故選B。12.標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了東非蝗災(zāi)的抗災(zāi)資金嚴(yán)重短缺的情況以及導(dǎo)致蝗災(zāi)爆發(fā)的因素和其帶來的嚴(yán)重后果，故C項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。4(2020·蘭州高三診斷考試)Antsknowwhenanearthquakeisabouttostrike,researchershavediscovered.Theirbehaviorchangessignificantlypriortothequakeandtheyresumenormalfunctioningonlyadayafterit.GabrieleBerberichoftheUniversityDuisburg－EsseninGermanypresentedthesefindingsonThursdayattheEuropeanGeosciencesUnionannualmeetinginViennaaccordingtoLiveScience.BerberichandhercolleaguesdiscoveredthatredwoodantspreferredtobuildtheircoloniesrightalongactivefaultsinGermany.Theycounted15,000mounds(土堆)liningthefaults.Thesefaultsaretheplaceswheretheearthviolentlyburstsinearthquakes.Usingaspecialcamerathattrackedchangesinactivity,Berberichandhercolleaguestrackedtheantsroundtheclockforthreeyears.Theyfoundthattheants’behaviorchangedonlywhenthequakewasovermagnitude(震級)2.Therewere10earthquakesbetweenmagnitude2.0and3.2duringthisperiod,andmanysmallerones.Humanscanalsosensequakesovermagnitude2only.AccordingtoBerberich,normalantactivityconsistsofgoingaboutcollectingfoodetc.duringthedayandrestinginthenight.Butbeforeanearthquaketheantsdidn’tgobacktotheirmoundinthenightandmovedaroundoutsideit.Thisstrangeandabnormalbehaviorcontinuedtilladayaftertheearthquake,Berberichtoldanewsconference,accordingtoLiveScience.Howdoantsknowanearthquakeiscoming?BerberichsuggestedthattheycouldeitherbepickingupchanginggasemissionsornotingtinychangesintheEarth’smagneticfields(磁場).“Redwoodantshavespecialcellswhichcandetectchangesincarbondioxidelevels.Theyalsohavespecialcellsfordetectingelectromagneticfields,”shesaid.Berberichandhercolleaguesareplanningtocontinuetheresearchinareaswheretherearemoreandbiggerearthquakes.13.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“resume”inParagraph1?A.Form. B.Avoid.C.Recover. D.Improve.14.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadtothemaintopic.B.Todescribeanewspeciesofant.C.Tointroduceafamousresearcher.D.Totellhowtopredictanearthquake.15.Whathappenstotheantsbeforeanearthquake?A.Theyhavenoappetite.B.Theyaretooexcitedtorest.C.Theygetlostontheirwayhome.D.Theyrefusetogoinsidetheirnests.16.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Antscanonlydetectsmallerearthquakes.B.Theresultoftheresearchiscompletelyreliable.C.Antsmayhavetwowaystopredictearthquakes.D.Researchersdon’tknowhowantspredictearthquakes.【答案】13-16CADC【解析】本文是說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻能預(yù)知地震，原因可能在于螞蟻體內(nèi)有能夠探測到二氧化碳變化和電磁場的細(xì)胞。13.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Theirbehaviorchangessignificantly...onlyadayafterit.”和倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Thisstrangeandabnormalbehaviorcontinuedtilladayaftertheearthquake”可知，“resume”含義與“恢復(fù)正常”有關(guān)。故選C項(xiàng)。14.推理判斷題。本文是一篇有關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的報道，文章第一段前兩句表明了研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二段至最后一段則詳細(xì)敘述了研究的過程以及對相關(guān)問題的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章話題。故選A。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Butbeforeanearthquake...andmovedaroundoutsideit.”可知，在地震發(fā)生前，螞蟻不肯返回自己的巢穴。故選D項(xiàng)。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Howdoantsknowanearthquakeiscoming？”可知，本段分析的是螞蟻能預(yù)知地震的原因，結(jié)合本段第二句的敘述以及后面引用研究者的話可知，我們可以得出這樣一個結(jié)論，即螞蟻可能有兩種預(yù)知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的變化與感知電磁場的變化。故選C項(xiàng)。5Afewyearsago,Iboughtaflat.Itwasatriumphofhopeanddeterminationoverpropertyprices,andthepeakofa20-yeardream.ThedayIgotthekeysshouldhavebeenthemostexcitingdayofmylifeandyet,thesecondIopenedthedoor,panicsetin.Ispentmyfirstnightasahomeownerinahotelresearchinghowtosellaflatandwonderingifitwastoolatetochangemymind.Ididn’tsellmyflatbecauseIrememberedwhyIhadwanteditinthefirstplace—buttherearetimeswhenwegetwhatwewantanditsimplyisn’tright.I’vealwaysfoundastrangedisconnectbetweenwantingsomethingandgettingit.Wantingisaplaceofpossibilityand,inastateoflack,thedesireisstrong.Weimaginehowthisthing—anewjoborrelationship—canchangeourlivesandatthesametimeforgetthataddingsomethingtoourlifedoesn’tmeanallourproblemsdisappear.Wecreateanarrativearoundthedesireand,whenwegetit,anditisdifferenttohowwepicturedit,wefeelfrustrated.Forme,thismostoftenoccursinrelationships.Ihaveahabitoffillinginthegapswithpeople,ratherthangettingtoknowthem.Igoonadatewithsomeoneand,insteadofpiecingthemtogetherbrickbybrick,Istarttoimaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewiththeminit.Itshouldn’thavebeenashockthattherealityinnowaymatchedmyfantasy—butitwas.IknewIwantedout,yetpartofmefeltcommitted:thiswassomeoneIthoughtIhadwantedforsolong,Icouldn’twalkaway,couldI?Wetendtoshameothersforchangingtheirminds.Ithink,however,it’sfarbravertomovetowardssomethingthatwillbringhappinessthantostayinamiserablesituationtoprotectyourpride.So,whensomeonetellsyouthey’vechangedtheirminds,congratulatethemonknowingthemselveswellenough,andbeingstrongenough,toadmitit.Ittakesalottocomecleanaboutgettingitwrong,butthereliefofdoingso—ofsettingourselvesfreefromapersonal-shapedhole,isworthiteverytime.17.Whydidtheauthorspendherfirstnightasahomeownerinahotel?A.Theflatwasunderdecoration.B.Shewantedtosellthisterribleflat.C.Theflatwasdifferentfromherdesire.D.Shewastooexcitedtosleepintheflat.18.Whichofthefollowingismostadvisableinrelationshipsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Fillinginthegapswithpeoplearoundyou.B.Gettingtoknowotherslittlebylittlenaturally.C.Imaginingwhatthelifewouldbelikewithothers.D.Spendingplentyoftimetopromotetherelationship.19.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytotellus?A.Neverchangeyourmind.B.Nevergiveupyourfirst-timedream.C.Itisworthwhiletoprotectone'sownpride.D.Itisbravetostepoutofamiserablesituation.20.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Anewflat B.Apersonal-shapedholeC.Aproudsoul D.Anunexceptedaccident【答案】17-20CDDA【解析】這是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為想要的事物在得到時卻發(fā)現(xiàn)和想象的不一樣，作者勸誡我們改變主意并不丟人。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThedayIgotthekeysshouldhavebeenthemostexcitingdayofmylifeandyet,thesecondIopenedthedoor,panicsetin.Ispentmyfirstnightasahomeownerinahotelresearchinghowtosellaflatandwonderingifitwastoolatetochangemymind.(我拿到鑰匙的那天本應(yīng)該是我這輩子最激動人心的一天，然而，當(dāng)我打開門的那一刻，恐慌就開始了。當(dāng)上房主后的第一個晚上，我在一家酒店里研究如何賣公寓，想著現(xiàn)在改變主意是否太晚了)”可知，作者看到房子時與自己預(yù)期的不一樣，想賣掉它，當(dāng)晚并沒有住在那里，所以作者在酒店度過了她作為房主的第一個晚上。故選C項(xiàng)。18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Forme,thismostoftenoccursinrelationships.Ihaveahabitoffillinginthegapswithpeople,ratherthangettingtoknowthem.Igoonadatewithsomeoneand,insteadofpiecingthemtogetherbrickbybrick,Istarttoimaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewiththeminit.(對我來說，這經(jīng)常發(fā)生在人際關(guān)系中。我有一個習(xí)慣，就是和別人一起填補(bǔ)空白，而不是去了解他們。我會和某人約會，而不是一磚一瓦地把他們拼在一起，我會開始想象有了他們我的生活會是什么樣子)”及本段最后一句“Icouldn’twalkaway,couldI?(我不能離開，不是嗎？)”可知，結(jié)識某人后發(fā)現(xiàn)和自己期待的不一樣，不應(yīng)該放棄這段關(guān)系，那樣是沒有責(zé)任心的，應(yīng)該是和他們約會相處繼續(xù)了解，而不是靠想象。故選D項(xiàng)。19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wetendtoshameothersforchangingtheirminds.Ithink,however,it’sfarbravertomoveto-wardssomethingthatwillbringhappinessthantostayinamiserablesituationtoprotectyourpride.(我們往往會因?yàn)閯e人改變主意而感到羞愧。然而，我認(rèn)為，與其為了保護(hù)自己的自尊而呆在痛苦的處境中，還不如勇敢地去追求能帶來幸福的東西)”可知，作者認(rèn)為，為維護(hù)自尊待在痛苦的境況中不做出改變是懦弱的，走出窘境去追求能帶來幸福的事情是更勇敢的。故選D項(xiàng)。20.主旨大意題。第一段作者用自己買房子的親身經(jīng)歷說出，自己追求已久的東西得到時發(fā)現(xiàn)與自己的期待不符，及第二段“Ididn’tsellmyflatbecauseIrememberedwhyIhadwanteditinthefirstplace—buttherearetimeswhenwegetwhatwewantanditsimplyisn’tright.I’vealwaysfoundastrangedisconnectbetweenwantingsomethingandgettingit.(我沒有賣掉我的公寓，因?yàn)槲矣浀梦易畛鯙槭裁聪胍袝r我們得到了我們想要的東西，但它就是不對的。我總是在想要和得到之間發(fā)現(xiàn)一種奇怪的脫節(jié))”，并由此展開對欲望與現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)系的討論，所以那套公寓是一個喻體，是文章關(guān)鍵詞。故選A項(xiàng)。6(2020·合肥市高三第二次診斷檢測)Scientistshavecreatedtheworld’sfirstliving，self-healing(自愈的)robotsusingstemcellsfromfrogs.NamedaftertheAfricanclawedfrogsfromwhichtheytaketheirstemcells,xenobotsarelessthanamillimeterwide—smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim,surviveforweekswithoutfood,andworktogetheringroups.Theseare“entirelynewlifeforms”,saidprojectco－leaderMichaelLevin,directoroftheAllenDiscoveryCenter.Theresearchersremovedlivingstemcells,whichhavetheabilitytodevelopintodifferentcelltypes,fromfrogembryos(胚胎),andleftthemtoincubate(孵化).Then,thecellswerecutandreshapedintospecific“bodyforms”designedbyasupercomputer.“They’reneitheratraditionalrobotnoraknownspeciesofanimal,”saidroboticsexpertJoshuaBongard.Thecellsthenbegantoworkontheirownandevenhavetheregenerativepower;whenthescientistscutthelivingrobotalmostinhalf,itscellsautomaticallyzippeditsbodybackup.Xenobotsdon’tlookliketraditionalrobots—theyhavenoshinyclothingorroboticarms.Instead,theylookmorelikeatinydropofmovingpinkflesh.Theresearcherssaythisisdeliberate—thisbiologicalmachinecanachievethingstypicalrobotsofsteelandplasticcannotdo.“Traditionalrobotsdegradeovertimeandcanproduceecologicalandhealthsideeffects,”researcherssaidinthestudy.Asbiologicalmachines,xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth,thestudysaid.Researchisbeingdoneintousingtherobotstocleanupradioactivewasteorevenmicroplasticsfromtheocean.Scientistsarealsotryingtoincludeagreatervarietyofcells—anewnervoussystemforexample.However,somepeoplearguethattheadditionofnervecellswouldcausemoralproblems.Thegeneralpublichavealsoexpressedconcernthathumanswouldbetakencontrolofbyrobots.However,MichaelLevinthinksthere’snoneedtoworry.“Xenobotshavenoabilitytoreproduceorevolve.Thesupercomputerwhichisusedtoproducethemdoesuseartificialintelligence.Butfornow,allisfine,”saidLevin.21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheadvantageofAItechnology.B.Theintroductionofalatestrobot.C.ThemedicalvalueofAfricanclawedfrogs.D.Theapplicationofrobotsinmedicine.22.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“regenerative”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Healingbyitself.B.Replacingoldcells.C.Livingmuchlonger.D.Defendingagainstattacks.23.Whatdoweknowaboutxenobots?A.Theycanbreakupsteelandplasticwhiledegrading.B.Theycandoeverythingthattraditionalrobotscando.C.Theydolessharmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.D.Theyoftenchangetheircolordeliberatelywhilemoving.24.WhatisMichaelLevin’sattitudetowardthedevelopmentofxenobots?A.Ambiguous. B.Positive.C.Skeptical. D.Cautious.【答案】21-24BACB【解析】本文是說明文?？茖W(xué)家們利用非洲爪蟾的干細(xì)胞創(chuàng)造了世界上第一個活的、能自愈的機(jī)器人，該機(jī)器人更加環(huán)保，對人類健康更安全，能做一般機(jī)器人不能做的事。21.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一句為全文的主題句，下文圍繞該主題句展開，介紹了科學(xué)家利用非洲爪蟾的干細(xì)胞創(chuàng)造的世界上第一個活的、能自愈的機(jī)器人的相關(guān)情況。故B項(xiàng)正確。22.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段尾句中的“whenthescientistscutthelivingrobotalmostinhalf,itscellsautomaticallyzippeditsbodybackup.”可知，當(dāng)科學(xué)家們把這個活的機(jī)器人幾乎切成兩半時，它的細(xì)胞會將身體自動復(fù)原。據(jù)此可推知，畫線詞的詞義與A項(xiàng)接近。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句中的“xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth”可知，這種機(jī)器人更環(huán)保，且對人類健康來說更安全。故C項(xiàng)正確。24.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)尾段Levin所說的話“Xenobotshavenoabilitytoreproduce...Butfornow,allisfine.”可推知，Levin對這種機(jī)器人的發(fā)展持積極樂觀的態(tài)度。故B項(xiàng)正確。7Theideaoflowmaterialdesire,lowconsumptionandrefusingtowork,marryandhavechildren,concludedasa“l(fā)yingdown”lifestyle,recentlystruckachordwithmanyyoungChinesewhoareeagertotakepausetobreatheinthisfast-pacedandhighly-competitivesociety.Manymillennials(千禧一代)andgenerationZscomplainedtotheGlobalTimesthatburdens,includingworkstress,familydisputes(紛爭)andfinancialstrains,havepushedthem“againstthewall”.Theysaidtheyhatethe“involution(內(nèi)卷),”jokingthattheywouldrathergiveupsomeofwhattheyhavethangettrappedinanendlesscompetitionagainstpeers.“Insteadofalwaysfollowingthe‘virtues’ofstruggle,endureandsacrificetobearthestresses,theypreferatemporarylyingdownascatharsis(宣泄)andadjustment,”saidascholar.“Itisnowonderthatsomeyoungpeople,underthegrowingpressuresfromchild-raisingtopayingthemortgage(按揭)today,wouldtrytoliveinasimplewayandleavetheworriesbehind.”Interestingly,themajorityofmillennialsandGenZsreachedbytheGlobalTimes,whoclaimtobebigfansofthelyingdownphilosophy,acknowledgedthattheyonlyacceptatemporarylyingdownasashortrest.Itistruethatwiththegreatimprovementoflivingconditions,someChineseyouthhavepartiallylostthespiritofhardshipandarenotwillingtobeartoomuchhardwork.Butinfact,lyingdownisnotentirelycomfortable.