財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺 請掃碼關(guān)注以下群 ，加入ACCA學(xué)習(xí) 沖刺期間任 問題請私聊小 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺F5F5Performance?？季砭獳CCA資深講兩年內(nèi)高分通過ACCA14P3亞太區(qū)第 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA-ThefollowingstatementshavebeenmadeaboutactivityInasystemofABC,apportionmentofsomeoverheadcostsneedtobedoneonanarbitraryThecostsofintroducingandmaintaininganactivitybasedcostingsystemmayexceedthebenefitsofsuchacostingsystem.Whichoftheabovestatementsis/are12Neither1norBoth1and

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA-DSomeoverheadcostsareusuallyabsorbedonanarbitrarybasis,suchasarateperdirectlabourhour,becausetheyarenotassociatedwithanyspecificactivity.Thecostsofanymanagementinformationsystemmayexceedthebenefitsobtained:insuchcasesthereisnovalueinestablishingandoperatingsuchasystem.Thisappliestoanycostandmanagementaccountingsystem,notjustABC.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionAAcompanyhasfixedcostsof$1.3million.Variablecostsare55%ofsalesuptoasaleslevelof$1.5million,butathighervolumesofproductionandsales,thevariablecostforincrementalproductionunitsfallsto52%ofsales.Whatisthebreakevenpointinsalesrevenue,tothenearestABCD

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA– 產(chǎn)品：salesrevenue=$1.5mc/ssothetotal 產(chǎn)品：還要進(jìn)一步covercontribution=1.3mc/sratio=48%sothesales=產(chǎn)品&的總sales

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Aspecialjobforacustomerwillrequired8tonnesofaMaterialM.Thecompanynolongerusesthismaterialregularlyalthoughitholdsthreetonnesininventory.Theseoriginallycost$44pertonne,andcouldberesoldtoa rfor$35pertonne.Alternativelythesematerialscouldbeusedtocompleteanotherjobinsteadofusingothermaterialsthatwouldcost$126topurchase.ThecurrentmarketpriceofMaterialMis$50pertonne.Thecompanymustdecidewhethertoagreetothecustomer’srequestforthework,andtosetaprice.WhatwouldbetherelevantcostofMaterialMforthisjob? 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–D8Ininventory:3tone——nolonger①RC=3×35=105opportunitycost(少用另一個材料Notininventory:RC=Replacementcost=5×50=C

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Acompanymakesandsellsasingleproduct.Whensalespermonth$6.8million,totalcostsare$6.56million.Whensalespermonthare$5.2million,totalcostsare$5.44million.Thereisastepcostincreaseof$400,000infixedcostswhensalesare$6.0million,butvariablecostsareconstantatalllevelsofoutputandWhatisthebreakevenpointforsalesrevenueperA$6.0BTherearetwobreakevenpoints:$5.64millionand$6.36C$5.64millionD$6.36million

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionA–B

variablecost/sales=(6.16-5.44)/(6.8-soC/Sratio=1-fixedcost(saleslessthan6m)=totalcost-cost=totalcost-salesrevenue*

salesfixedcost(salesexceeds6m)=3.1m+stepbreak-evenrevenue=fixedcost/c/s 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionA–Productionoutputbyamanufacturingcompanyisrestrictedbyashortage ofMaterialXandskilledlabourY.MaterialXcosts$10perIthasbeendeterminedusinglinearprogrammingthatattheprofit- isinglevelofoutput,allavailable tiesofMaterialXwouldbefullyutilisedandtheshadowprice(dualprice)ofMaterialXwouldbe$6perkilogram.SkilledlabourYhasashadowpriceof$0,butexistingstaffwouldbewillingtoworkovertimeforanadditional$2perhour. rhasnowofferedtosupplyadditional tiesofMaterialX,butatapriceof$14perkilogram. 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionA–Wouldthecompanyincreaseprofitsby(1)purchasingMaterialXatthehigherpriceor(2)employingskilledlabourYtoworkovertime?BuyextraMaterialXPaylabourYtowork 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–DTheshadowpriceofMaterialXis$6,sobuyingadditional tiesataprice$4aboveitsnormalvariablecostwouldadd$2toprofitforeachkilogramofmaterialboughtandused.(However,thisappliesonlyaslongastheshadowpriceofMaterialQremainsat$6perkg).TheshadowpriceofskilledlabourYis$0,whichmeansthatavailableamountsoftimearenotfullyutilised.Thereisnorequirementtoworkovertime.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionA–Acompanywishestogoaheadwithoneoftwomutuallyexclusiveprojects,butthe efromeachprojectwilldependonthestrengthofsalesdemand,asStrong$Moderate$Weak$ProjectProjectThecompanycouldpurchasemarketresearchinformation,atacostof$4,500.Thiswouldpredictdemandconditionswithperfectaccuracy.WhatisthevaluetothecompanyofobtainingthisperfectmarketAB

CD 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionA–AEVofProject1=(0.2×80,000)+(0.4×50,000)–(0.4×5,000)=EVofProject2=(0.2×60,000)+(0.4×25,000)+(0.4×10,000)=Project1wouldbechosenonthebasisifEVwithoutperfectinformation.Withperfectinformation,thisdecisionwouldbechangedtoProject2ifmarketresearchindicatesweakdemand.EVwithperfectinformation:(0.2×80,000)+(0.4×50,000)+(0.4×10,000)Valueofperfectinformation=$(40,000–34,000)–$4,500cost= 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionA–ProductqualityorservicequalityisgenerallyassociatedwithofperformanceinabalancedABCInnovationandDInternal 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–DThequalityofproductsorservicesisanaspectofoperationalperformance.Qualityaffectscustomerperceptions,butisunderthecontrolofmanagement.Itshouldthereforenormallybeusedasameasurefromtheoperational ratherthanacustomer(wherecustomerviews,attitudesorbehaviouris

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Thefollowingstatementshavebeenmadeaboutdivisionalisationandperformancemeasurement.Inadivisionalisedperformancesystem,itisnotusuallypossibletomakeafaircomparisonoftheperformanceofdifferentdivisionswhentheirnon-currentassetsarevaluedatnetbookWhenperformanceismeasuredbyROI,thefigureforprofitiscalculatedafterdeductinginterestoncapitalemployed.Whichoftheabovestatementsis/areA1B2CNeither1norDBoth1and

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–AAfaircomparisonisnotpossibleif,forexample,onedivisionhasnon-currentassetsthatarequiteold(andsohaveasmallnetbookvalue)andanotherdivisionhasnon-currentassetsthataremostlynew,sovaluedatclosetotheircost.TomeasureROI,profitiscalculatedafterdeductingdepreciationbutwithoutdeductinganyinterestoncapitalemployed.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Inacompanywithadivisionalisedstructure,DivisionAtransfersitsoutputtoDivisionB.DivisionAproducesjustoneitem,ComponentX.DivisionBmakesandsellsandendproductthatrequiresoneunitofComponentX.$perunitofMarginalcostofproductioninDivision Fixedoverheadcostof Costofsellingintheexternal Marketpriceintheexternal DivisionBcontributionfrom processingcomponentX,beforedeductingthetransfercostDivisionAisworkingatfull

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–WhatshouldbetheminimumtransferpriceperunitofXinthis

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–DMinimumNotfullcapacity:marginalFullcapacityMarginalcostopportunitycost:自己本來可以Thisis$8+$(16–8–1)=

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionA–ThedemandcurveforaproductisexpressedbytheformulaP=24–0.004Q,wherePisthesellingpriceandQisthe tydemandedperweekatthatprice.Atthecurrentsalespriceof$10perunit,demandperweekis3,500units.Byhowmuchcouldthecompanyraisethesellingpriceperunitinordertoincreasetotalsalesrevenueperweek,beforetotalsalesrevenueperweekfromtheproductbeginstogointodecline?By$2perBy$4perBy$10perBy$12per 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–AWhenP=24–0.004Q,themarginalrevenueMR=240.008Q(fromtheformulaTotalsalesrevenueincreaseswhenthepriceisaslongasthemarginalrevenueisapositiveMRstartstogointonegativevalueswhensalesdemandexceedsthe tywhere:24–0.008Q=Q=

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–AAtthis ty,thesalespriceisP=24–(3,000)=Thecompanycanraisethesalespriceby$2to$12perunitinordertoincreasesalesrevenue,butathigherpricestotalsalesrevenuewillfall.(Check:IfP=$12andQ=3,000,totalweeklyrevenue$3,600.Thisis$100perweekmorethantherevenueselling3,500unitsat$10

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–ThefollowingstatementshavebeenmadeaboutdataandThemajorproblemwithinformationoverloadisthatmanagersmaybegivenmoreinformationthantheyneedtomaketheirdecisions.AmajorproblemwithexternalinformationisthatitmaydifficulttoassessitsWhichoftheabovestatementsis/areA1B2CNeither1norDBoth1and

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–DThemainproblemwithinformationoverloadisthatmanagersmaybegivensomuchinformationthattheyareunabletoidentifywhatisimportantandwhatisirrelevantorunimportant.Theconsequencecouldbewastedtimesearchingfortheimportantinformation,orpoordecisionmakingbecausetheimportantinformationhasnotbeenrecognised.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–$X0.5litresat$2perY0.4litresat$1.50$X0.5litresat$2perY0.4litresat$1.50perZ0.1litresat$4perDuringacontrolperiod,4,000litresofoutputwereproduced.Theseused2,810litresofMaterialX;1,910litresofMaterialY;and380litresofMaterialZ.WhatisthematerialsyieldA$195B$1,116C$1,311D$2,200

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–

Act:4000L

method1:actual

differencein@stdcostper$2method2:actual

total

differenceintotal@WAstdmaterialcostperStd: method3:actual StdStdStdStdXXXXMaterialXXXXX

關(guān)注獲ACCA學(xué)習(xí)方財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–ThefollowingstatementshavebeenmadeaboutplanningandoperationalNoonemayacceptresponsibilityforplanningItisusuallyeasytoidentifyinretrospectwhatpricesand were,butnotnearlysoeasytoidentifywhattheyshouldhavebeen.Whichoftheabovestatementsis/areA1B2CNeither1norDBoth1and

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–DPlanningvariancesmaybetheresponsibilityof'seniormanagement',butinpracticethisoftenmeansthatnoonetakesresponsibilityforsomethingthatwas'unavoidable'.Aseverecriticismofplanningandoperationalvariancesisthelackofobjectivitythatmaybeinvolvedindecidinginretrospectwhatthestandardcostshouldhavebeen.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Acompanyhasestimatedthatan85%learningcurvewillapplytotheproductionofanewitemforwhichthetimetoproducethefirstunitwas800hours.WhatistheexpectedtimetoproducetheninthA370.86B417.61C477.92D491.30

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Ab=log0.85/log2= /0.30103=Averagetimetoproducefirst8units=800×0.85×0.85×0.85491.30Averagetimetoproducefirst9units=800×9- =800 =477.917827

關(guān)注獲ACCA學(xué)習(xí)方Totaltimeforfirst8units(8×Totaltimeforfirst9units(9×Timeforthe9th 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–ExtractsfromtheflexiblebudgetsofamanufacturingcompanyareProductionand5,000Productionand5,0007,000BudgetcostMaterialsLabourProductionAdministrationSellinganddistributionTotalcostsemi:$6perunit+$35000fixedsemi:$2perunit+$70000fixedsemi:$2perunit+$5000

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Whatwouldbethetotalexpenditureincurredinaperiod6,000unitsareproducedand5,500unitsare

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–DMaterialcost(production

Selingdistribution(sales

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–ThefollowingstatementshavebeenmadeaboutstandardmixyieldMixvariancesshouldbecalculatedwheneverastandardcontainstwoormoredirectWhenafavourablemixvarianceisachieved,theremaybecounterbalancingadverseyieldWhichoftheabovestatementsis/areA1B2CNeither1norDBoth1and

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–BMixvariancesshouldonlybecalculatedwhenaproductcontainstwoormorematerialsthatcanbemixedtogetherindifferentproportions.Forexample,calculatingamixvariancefortheproductionofabicycleoutofitscomponentpartswouldbemeaningless.Itisimportanttobeawareoftheinterdependencebetweenvariances:afavourablemixvariance–meaningacheapermixofmaterialsinaproduct–mayresultinadversetotaloutputoftheproduct(adverseyield).

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Whatnameisgiventoamethodofbudgetinginwhichmanagersdecidewhatisneededtoachievetheirplannedobjectives,andtheirbudgetsarecombinedtoestablishtotaloperatingbudget?ABottom-upBFeedforwardCIncrementalDZerobased

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–AWithbottom-upbudgeting,thebudgetsofmanagersatalowerlevelintheorganisationarepreparedseparayandthencombinedintoatotaloperatingbudget.Thisiseasierinpracticeinafairlysmallandsimpleorganisationthaninalargeandcomplexone.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–WhichtypeofstandardcostismostusefulformonitoringinperformanceoverAAttainableBBasicCCurrentDIdeal

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–BAbasicstandardisleftunchanged,sothatchangesinvariancesovertimeindicateatrendinpricesandefficiencyovertime. 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–ThefollowingstatementshavebeenmadeabouttargetTargetcostingisinappropriateforanewproductthathasnoItmaybeacceptableforatargetcostforanewproducttobeexceededduringthegrowthstageofitslifecycle.Whichoftheabovestatementsis/areA.1B.2C.Neither1norD.Both1and

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–BTargetcostingcanbeusedforaninnovativenewproduct,providedthatatargetsellingpriceisfirstidentified.Atargetcostmaybeexceededduringthegrowthphaseofthelifecycleforanewproduct,butthetargetcostgapshouldbeclosedbythetimethattheproductreachesthematurityphaseofitslifecycle.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–Thefollowingstatementshavebeenmadeaboutmeasurementsinnot-for-profitNot-for-profitorganisationsdonothavefinancialTheoutputsproducedbynot-for-profitorganisationsareeasiertomeasurethanoutputofcommercialcompanies.Whichoftheabovestatementsis/areA.1B.2C.Neither1norD.Both1and

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionA–CNot-for-profitorganisationsdohavefinancialobjectives,whichmaysometimesbedescribedasfinancialconstraints.Forexampleacharityorganisationmaywantto iseitsfundinganda departmentmayseektocarryoutitsactivitieswithinthespendingbudgetforthedepartment.Theoutputsproducedbycommercialorganisationscanbemeasuredsimplybyprofit,whichisameasureofthevaluecreatedbytheorganisationinaperiod.Outputsofnot-for-profitorganisationscannotbemeasuredaseasilybecausetheyoftenhavemanydifferentobjectives,eachmeasuredindifferentways.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TheGadgetCo(12/10TheGadgetCoproducesthreeproducts,A,BandC,allmadefromthesamematerial.Untilnow,ithasusedtraditionalabsorptioncostingtoallocateoverheadstoitsproducts.Thecompanyisnowconsideringanactivitybasedcostingsysteminthehopethatitwillimproveprofitability.Informationforthethreeproductsforthelastyearisasfollows:ABCProductionandsalesvolumesSellingpriceperRawmaterialcostperDirectlabourcostperMachinehoursperNumberofproductionrunsper8NumberofpurchaseordersperNumberofdeliveriestoretailersper 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TheGadgetCo(12/10Usinganoverheadabsorptionrateof$28.30perdirectlabourhour,theunitofeachproductusingtraditionalabsorptioncostingwere$6.71forProduct$10.07forProductBand$13.42forProductThecompanyisconsideringanactivitybasedcostingsysteminthehopethatitwillimproveprofitability.Theannualoverheadcostsforthelastyearwereasfollows:$MachinesetupMachinerunningProcurementDelivery 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TheGadgetCo(12/10(a)Calculatethefullcostperunitofeachproductinthelastyearusingactivitybasedcosting.Doyourcalculationstotwodecimalplaces.(6(a)ExplainbrieflyhowactivitybasedcostingmayhelpTheGadgetCoimprovetheprofitabilityofeachproduct.(4

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TheGadgetCo-CostperunitusingactivitybasedcostingABCrecoveryratesforeachcostpoolCostCostCostNumberofABCrecoveryMachineset36(16+12+$737.50perset32,100(7,500+$2.07per94(24+28+$510.64per140(48+30+$388per 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TheGadgetCo-TotaloverheadsbyproductandperProduct Product Product$$$Machineset-8MachineUnitsOverheadcost 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TheGadgetCo-TotalcostperABC$$$ 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TheGadgetCo-HowactivitybasedcostingcanimproveproductProductThecostofproductAunderanABCsystemis$7.76.Thisis16%higherthanthecostsundertraditionalabsorptioncosting($6.71)andissignificantgiventhatTheGadgetCosellsproductAfor$7.50.ProductAthereforemakesalossunderABC.ManagementmayconsiderincreasingthesellingpriceofproductAaswellasinvestigatingwaystoreducethecostsassociatedwiththeproduct.MachineproductcostsforproductAarehigherthantheotherproductsduetothenumberofproductionruns.Managementshouldinvestigatewhetheritispossibletoreducethenumberofproductionrunsassociatedwiththeproduct.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TheGadgetCo-ProductThecostofproductBis$0.10higherunderABC.Thisdifferenceisminimalandtheproductmakesahealthyprofitunderbothmethods,givenitssellingpriceof$12.ProductProductCappearstobelossmakingunderthetraditionalsystemwithcoststotalling$13.42incomparisontothesellingprice$13.00,yieldingalossof$0.42perunit.Incontrast,theproductisprofitableunderABCwithcoststotalling$12.48perunit.ManagementmaythereforewishtoconsiderputtingmoreemphasisontosalesofProductCratherthanthelessprofitableProductA.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo(12/11 ephoneCo(TCo)isacompanyspecialisingintheprovisionofephonesystemsforcommercialclients.Therearetwopartstothe ephonesystemsinbusinesses,eitherfirsttimeinstallationsorreplacementinstallations;Supporting ephonesystemswithannuallyrenewableTCohasbeenapproachedbyapotentialcustomer,PushCo,whowantstoinstalla ephonesysteminnewofficesitisopening.Whilstthejobisnotaparticularlylargeone,TCoishopefuloffuturebusinessintheformofreplacementsystemsandsupportcontractsforPushCo.TCoisthereforekeentoquoteacompetitivepriceforthejob.Thefollowinginformationshouldbeconsidered:

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo(12/11Oneofthecompany'ssalesmenhasalreadybeentovisitPushCo,togivethemademonstrationofthenewsystem,togetherwithacomplimentarylunch,thecostsofwhichtotalled$400. 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo(12/11Theinstallationisexpectedtotakeoneweektocompleteandwouldrequirethreeengineers,eachofwhomispaidamonthlysalaryof$4,000.TheengineershavejusthadtheirannuallyrenewablecontractrenewedwithTCo.Oneofthethreeengineershassparecapacitytocompletethework,buttheothertwowouldhavetobemovedfromcontractXinordertocompletethisone.ContractXgeneratesacontributionof$5perengineerhour.TherearenootherengineersavailabletocontinuewithContractXifthesetwoengineersaretakenoffthejob.ItwouldmeanthatTCowouldmissitscontractualcompletiondeadlineonContractXbyoneweek.Asaresult,TCowouldhavetopayaone-offpenaltyof$500.Sincethereisnootherworkscheduledfortheirengineersinoneweek'stime,itwillnotbeaproblemforthemtocompleteContractXatthispoint.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo(12/11TCo'stechnicaladviserwouldalsoneedtodedicateeighthoursofhistimetothejob.Heisworkingatfullcapacity,sohewouldhavetoworkovertimeinordertodothis.Heispaidanhourlyrateof$40andispaidforallovertimeatapremiumof50%abovehisusualhourly 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo(12/11Twovisitswouldneedtobemadebythesiteinspectortoapprovethecompletedwork.HeisanindependentcontractorwhoisnotemployedbyTCo,andchargesPushCodirectlyforthework.Hiscostis$200foreachvisitmade.TCo'ssystemtrainerwouldneedtospendonedayatPushCodeliveringtraining.Heispaidamonthlysalaryof$1,500butalsoreceivescommissionof$125foreachdayspentdeliveringtrainingataclient'ssite.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TCo(12/11 ephonehandsetswouldneedto dtoPushCo.Thecurrentcostofthese$18.20each,althoughTCoalreadyhas80handsetsininventory.Thesewereboughtatapriceof$16.80each.ThehandsetsarethemostpopularmodelonthemarketandfrequentlyrequestedbyTCo'scustomers. 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TCo(12/11PushCowouldalsoneedacomputerisedcontrolsystemcalled'Swipe2'.ThecurrentmarketpriceofSwipe2is$10,800,althoughTCohasanolderversionofthesystem,'Swipe1',ininventory,whichcouldbemodifiedatacostof$4,600.TCopaid$5,400forSwipe1whenitordereditinerrortwomonthsagoandhasnootheruseforit.ThecurrentmarketpriceofSwipe1is$5,450,althoughifPushCotriedtoselltheonetheyhave,itwouldbedeemedtobe'used'andthereforeonlyworth$3,000. 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TCo(12/111,000metresofcablewouldberequiredtowireupthesystem.ThecableisusedfrequentlybyTCoandithas200metresininventory,whichcost$1.20permetre.Thecurrentmarketpriceforthecableis$1.30permetre. 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo(12/11Prepareacoststatement,usingrelevantcostingprinciples,showingtheminimumcostthatTCoshouldchargeforthecontract.Makedetailednotesshowinghoweachcosthasbeenarrivedatandexplainwhyeachofthecostsabovehasbeenincludedorexcludedfromyourcost

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 -期中精講SectionB–TCo-ThesalesmanhasalreadybeentovisitPushCotodemonstratethenewsystem.Theassociatedcostsaresunkcosts(theyhavealreadybeenincurred)andarethereforeexcludedfromthecoststatement.Relevantcost=Oneofthethreeengineershassparecapacitytocompletetheinstallationandhis/hersalarywillpaidregardlessofwhethertheyworkonthecontractforPushCo.TherelevantcostisthereforeTheothertwoengineersarecurrentlyfullyutilisedandearnacontributionof$5perhoureachonContractX.TheengineerscouldbetemporarilytakenoffofContractXtoworkonthecontractforPushCo.WorkonContractXwould menceinoneweek'stimewhenthereisnootherscheduledworkfortheengineers.DelayingtheworkonContractXwouldresultinTComissingthecontractualcompletionandhavingtopayaone-offpenaltyof$500.Relevantcost=$500 財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo-Thetechnicaladviserisworkingatfullcapacitysowouldneedtowork8hoursovertimeonthecontractforPushCo.Allovertimeispaidatapremiumof50%abovehisusualhourlyrateof$40($40×1.5=$60).Relevantcost=$60×8hours=SiteinspectorThesiteinspectorisanindependentcontractorwhoisnotemployedbyTCoandchargesPushCodirectlyforthework.SincethesiteengineerchargesPush,therelevantcostforTCoisnil.Relevantcost=

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo-TrainingThesystemtrainerispaidamonthlysalaryof$1,500.Thisisnotrelevantcost,asitisnotThetrainerisalsopaid$125commissionforeachdayspentdeliveringtrainingataclient'ssite.Thiscostwillariseasadirectresultofthedecisionandisthereforeincluded.Relevantcost=$125perday×1day=120handsetswouldneedtobe dtoPushCo.Though80handsetsarealreadyininventory,thehandsetsarefrequentlyrequestedbyTCo'scustomersandsowouldneedtobereplacedif dtoPushCo.Thecurrentcostofahandsetis$18.20.Relevantcost=$18.20×120handsets=

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo-ThecurrentmarketpriceofSwipe2isTheoriginalcostofSwipe1($5,400)isasunkcostandnotrelevanttotheThecurrentmarketpriceofSwipe1($5,450)isalsonotrelevanttodecisionasTCohasnointentionofreplacingSwipeThecompanycouldsellSwipe1for$3,000ifitdoesnotuseitforcontract.ThisrepresentsanopportunityInadditiontothe$3,000,Swipe1couldbemodifiedatacostofbringingthetotalcostofconvertingSwipe1toThetotalcostofconvertingSwipe1($7,600)issignificantlylessthanpurchasingSwipe2($10,800).Itisassumedthatthecompanywouldchoosethecheaperoption.Relevantcost=

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–TCo-Cable1,000metresofcableisrequired.AlthoughTCohas200metresofcableininventory,itisusedfrequentlyandsowouldneedtobereplaced.All1,000metresshouldbevaluedatthecurrentmarketrate($1.30permetre).Theoriginalpurchasecostof$1.20permetreisasunkcostandisnotrelevanttothedecision.Relevantcost=1,000metres×$1.30permetre=

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–Designit(12/12Designitisasmallcompanyprovidingdesignconsultancytoalimitednumberoflargeclients.Thebusinessismatureandfairlystableyearonyear.Ithas30employeesandispriva yownedbyitsfounder.Designitpreparesanannualfixedbudget.Thecompany'saccountsdepartmentconsistsofonepart-qualifiedaccountantwhohasaheavyworkload.Hepreparesthebudgetusingspreadsheets.ThecompanyhasaNovemberyearend.Designitpayseachofitsthreesalesmanagersanannualsalaryof$150,000,plusanindividualbonusbasedonsalestargetssetatthebeginningoftheyear.Therearealwaystwolevelsofbonusthatcanbeearned,basedonalowerandanupperleveloffee e.Fortheyearended30November20X2,forexample,eachofthesalesmanagerswasgivenalowertargetofsecuring$1.5moffee eeach,toberewardedbyanindividualbonusequatingto20%ofsalary.Ifanyofthemanagerssecuredafurther$1.5moffee e,theirbonuswouldincreaseby5%totheuppertargetof25%.Noneofthemanagersachievedtheuppertargetbutallofthemachievedthelowerone.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–Designit(12/12ThisisthesameeveryyearandDesignitfindsthatoftenthemanagerssecureworkfromseveralmajorclientsearlyintheyearandreachthe$1.5mtargetwellbeforetheyearhasended.Theythenmakelittleefforttosecureextrafeesforthecompany,knowingthatitwouldbealmostimpossibletohitthesecondtarget.This,togetherwithafewotherproblemsthathavearisen,hasmadethecompanyconsiderwhetheritscurrentbudgetingprocesscouldbeimprovedandwhetherthebonusschemeshouldalsobechanged.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–Designit(12/12Designitisnowconsideringreplacingthefixedbudgetwithamonthlyrollingbudget,whichDesignitbelieveswillmakethebudgetingprocessmorerelevantandtimelyandencouragemanagerstofocusonthefutureratherthanthepast.Itwouldalsopreventtheproblemoftargetsbeingmettooearlyonintheyearbythesalesmanagersbecausethetargetswouldbesetformonthlyperformanceratherthanannualperformance.Forexample,amanagercouldbegivenatargetofsecuring$200,000fee einthefirstmonthforarewardof2%ofsalary.Then,dependingonwhatishappeningbothwithinthebusinessandintheeconomyasawhole,attheendofthefirstmonth,adifferenttargetfee couldbesetforthesecondmonth.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–Designit(12/12Explainwhatamonthlyrollingbudgetisandhowitwouldoperate (4DiscusstheproblemsthatmaybeencounteredifDesignitdecidestointroducemonthlyrollingbudgetstogetherwithanewbonusscheme,suchastheoneoutlinedabove. (5marks)Discusstheproblemswiththecurrentbonusschemeand,assumingthatthecompanydecidesagainstintroducingrollingbudgets,describeandjustifyanalternative,moreeffectivebonusschemethatcouldbe (6marks)

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–Designit-(a)RollingAmonthlyrollingbudgetisabudgetwhichiscontinuouslyupdatedaddingafurthermonthwhentheearliestmonthhasForexample,Designitwouldbeginbypreparinga12-monthbudgetcoveringtheperiod1December20X2to30November20X3.AttheendofDecember20X2,abudgetforDecember20X3wouldbeprepared,sothattheunexpiredperiodcoveredbythebudgetisalways12months.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–Designit-RollingWhenthebudgetisinitiallypreparedfortheyearending30November20X3,thebudgetforDecember20X2(thefirstmonthinthebudget)shouldbepreparedindetail.Thelatermonthswillcontainalotlessdetailastherewillbegreateruncertaintyregardinginternalresourcesandmarketconditions.WhenthebudgetforDecember20X2haselapsedandthebudgetforDecember20X3isprepared,thebudgetforJanuary20X3shouldberevisedingreaterdetail.

財經(jīng)ACCA備考系 沖刺SectionB–Designit-Monthlyrollingbudgetstaketimetoprepareandcanbecomplex.Thecompany'saccountsdepartmentconsistsofasinglepart-qualifiedaccountantwhoalreadyhasaheavyworkload.Assu