北京新航道雅思學(xué)院CandidateName INTERNATIONALENGLISHLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEMINSTRUCTIONSTOCANDIDATESDonotopenthisbookletuntilyouaretoldtodoso.Writeyournameandcandidatenumberinthespaceatthetopofthispage.Youshouldanswerallquestions.WriteallyouranswersontheQuestionPaper.Attheendofthetest,youwillbegiventhreeminutestotransferyouranswerstoanAnswerSheet.Donotremovethisbookletfromtheexaminationroom.ThistestincludesTHREEparts:Listening(45minutes),Reading(60minutes)andWriting(60minutes).北京新航道雅思學(xué)院北京新航道雅思學(xué)院LISTENINGSECTION1Questions1-10Questions1-8Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswerFive-StarCaterersCustomerBookingFormExampleEvent:Customername:Daytimetelephonenumber:telephonenumberafter5pm:Numberofguests:Date:SeatingShape：Size:Numberoftables:Mr12 Asabove(Ifnooneanswers.3 4 56 7 8 Questions9and10Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.ThemandecidestobookAathree-coursemeal.Babuffet.Cabanquet.ThemanwillhavetopayA￡750tomorrnw.B￡100perhead,C￡1,500onthedayoftheparty.北京新航道雅思學(xué)院SECTION2Questions11-20Questions11-17Accordingtothespeaker,whendidthefollowinghappen?WritethecorrectletterA,BorC,nexttoQuestions11-17,Abefore1837Bbetween1837and1900Cafter1900TheEastFrontwasaddedtothebuilding,Thelastbigstructuralchangewasmade.Thebuildingwasbombed, Thebuildingbecameapalace.ThebuildingwasknownasTheQueersHouse.TheHousesofParliamentweredestroyedbyfire.TheMarbleArchwasmoved.Questions18-20CompletethesentencesbelowWriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Uptopeopleattendgardenpartiesatthepalaceeachyear.Thegardencontainsmorethanspeciesofwildflower.ThepubliccanvisitthenineteeninAugustorSeptember.北京新航道雅思學(xué)院SECTION3Questions21-30Questions21-24Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer21Whataspectofhistoryisitimportanttolearnsomethingfrom?22Whatdowcalsoneedtoknowaboutourancestors?23Wherearetransferableskillsuseful?24Whatkindofapproachtolearningdoessocialscienceuse?Questions25-30Whatissaidabouteachofthesesubjectsstudiedonasocialstudiescourse?ChooseyouranswersfromtheboxandwritethelettersA-HnexttoQuestions25-30.AThiswillfocusonhoweachgenerationlearnsaboutitsownculture.BThisnecessarilyincludesastudyofphysicsandchemistry.CThisisstudiedfromthepointofviewofhumanbehaviour.DThiswillonlybecoveredintermsofitstheory,EThisakocoversthedistributionofwealth.FThisincludesthestudyofarchaeology.GThishasreceivedcriticismfbrnotbeingscientificenough.HThisincludessomeworkonurbanplanning.25Anthropology26Economics27Education28Geography29Law30Sociologyandsocialwork北京新航道雅思學(xué)院SECTION4Questions31-40 iQuestions31-37ChoosethecorrectletterA、BorC.31Studentsshouldcompletetheirworkonthe1950sAiftheywanttobeallowedtocontinueattendinglecturer.Bbecausetheywillappreciatetheinformationaboutthe1960smore.Cotherwisetheyfacethepossibilityofbeingfailedfbrtheircoursework.32Accordingtothelecturer,the'babyboom1happenedAbecauseofrelaxedattitudesinthesixties.Bduringa.timeofwarCbecausepeoplefeltmoresecure.33Inthesixties,theUSAhad70millionAteenagers,Bbabies+Cadults.34Accordingtothelecturer;comparedtothe1950s,the1960swereAlessconservative.Bmoreconservative.Cjustasconservativet35Accordingtothelecturer,literaturechangedthewaywomenAover40weretreatedbysociety.Bviewedissuesofraceinsociety,C龜Itabouttheirrolesinsociety.36TherateofcrimeinthesixtiesAroseninepercentduringthedecade.Bwasninetimeshigherthaninthefifties.Cwasninetimeslowerthaninthefifties.37Whathappenedatthestartofthe1960s?AthefirsthearttransplantBtheintroductionoftheinternetCtheinventionoflasersQuestions38-40Completethesummarybelow.WriteNOMOAETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.JnOctober,1962rUSPresidentKennedymetadviserstodiscuss38 …whichprovedthattheCubanswereinstallingnuclearmissiles>presumablytouseagainsttheUS.Kennedywasfacedwiththreechoices:totrytoresolvethecrisisdiplomatically；toblockthedeliveryoffurtherweaponsintoCuba;ortoattackCuba.Kennedychose39option,whichpreventedthebuild-tipofmoremissUesandledtothewithdrawaloftheexistingones.Mostareagreedthata4fiwasnarrowlyavoidedbyKennedy'sdecision.北京新航道雅思學(xué)院READINGREADINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassageIbelow.HowMobileTelephonyTurnedintoaHealthScareThetechnologywhichenablednrtobiiephoneswasprevious卜usedinthekindoftwo-wayradiowhichcouldbefoundintaxisandemergencyvehicles.Althoughthiswasagreatdevelopment,itwasnotreallyconsideredmobiletelephonybecauseitcouldnotbeusedtodialintoexistingphonenetworks.Itwasknownassimplextechnology,operatingonthesameprinciplesas.walkie-talkie,whichrequiredthatauserpressabutton,meaningthatorilyonepersonatatimecouldtalk.Simplexmeantthattherewasonlyonecommunicationfrequencyinuseatanyonetime,Thefirstmobilephonestoconnecttotelephonenetworkswereofteninstalledincarsbeforethehand-heldversioncameonthemarket<andtherevolutioninmobiletechnologybegan.Thefirstgenerationofmobilephones(called1GJwerelarge,heavyandanalogueanditwasnotuntiltheinventionofthesecondgeneration(2G)inthe1990sthatdigitalnetworkscouldbeused.[hedigitaJelementenabledfastersignalling.Atthesametime,developmentsinbatterydesignandenergy-savingelectronicsallowedthephonesthemselvestobecomesmallerandthereforemoretrulymobile.Thesecondgenerationallowedfortextmessagingtoo,andthisbeganwiththefirstperson-to-persontextmessageinFinlandin1993ralthoughamachine-generatedtextmessagehadbeensuccessfullysenttwoyearsearlier.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutthedevelopmentofduplextechnofogytoreplacetherelativelyprimitivesimplextechnologyofthe5rstphaseofmobilecommunication.Induplextechnology,therearetwofrequenciesavailablesimultaneousfy.ThesetwofrequenciescanbeobtainedbytheprincipleofFrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD).Tosendtwosignalswirelessly,itisnecessarytocreateapairedspectrum,whereonebandcarriestheuplink(fromphonetoantenna)andtheorhercarriesthedownMnk(fromantennatophone).TimeDivisionDuplex(TDD)canachievethesamething,butinsteadofsplittingthefrequency,theuplinkanddownlinkareswitchedveryrapidly,givingtheimpressionthatonefrequencyisused.Formobiletelephonytoworktoitsfullestpotentialitneedstohaveanetworkthroughwhichitcanrelaysignals.Thisnetworkdependsonbasestationswhichsendandreceivethesignals.Thebasestationstendtobesimpleconstructions,ormasts,ontopofwhicharemountedtheantennas.Withtherapidincreaseindemandformobileservice^theinfrastru<tureofantennasintheUnitedKingdomisnowhuge.Manythousandsofreportshaveappearedclaimingthatthesignalsrelayedbytheseantennasareharmfultohumanandanimalhealth.Theclaimsfocusonthefactthattheantennasaretransmittingradiowavesinmicrowaveform.Insomeways,publicdemandisresponsiblefortheincreaseintheallegedthreattohealth.Untilquiterecently,voiceandtextmessagesweretransmittedusing2Gtechnology,A2Gmastcansendalow-frequencymicrowavesignalapproximaiety35kilometres.Thirdgeneration(3G)technologyallowsusers北京新航道雅思學(xué)院towirelesslydownloadinfornnarionfromtheinternetandisextremelypopular.Thedifferenceisthat3Gtechnologyusesahigherfrequencytocarrythesigna氏altowrngmaststoemitmoreradiaiiori.ThKproblemisintensifiedbytheneedcohavemastsincloserproximitytoeachotherandtothehandsetsthem&elves.Whateverdangertherewasin2G4gnakisgreatlymultipliedbythefactthatthe3Gmastsarephysicailymuchclosertopeople.Governmentauthoritieshavesofarrefusedtoacceptthatthereisadangertopublichealth,andtestscarriedoutbygovernmentsandtelecommunicationscompanieshavebeenrestrictedtotestingtoseeifheatIsbeingproducedfromthesemicrowaves.Accordingtomany,however,theproblemi5notheat,butBlH$t「QE3gnEti。w^veswhicharefoundnearthemasts.Itisbelievedthatsomepeople,thoughnotallhaveaconditionknownaselectro-jensitivityoreIectrq-hypersensitivity(EHSLmeaningthattheelectromagnetismmakesthemillinsomeway.Theactualhealththreatfromthesepulsedmicrowavesignalsisanareawhichgreatlyneedsmoreresearch.Ithasbeerchirnedthatthesignalsaffectalllivingorganisms,includingplant%atacellularlevelandcausesymptomsinpeoplerangingfrom:irednessandheadachestocancer.Ofparticularconcernistheeffectthatincreasedelectromagneticfieldsmayhaveonchildrenandthefearisthatthenegativeeffectsontheirhealthmaynotmanif電我th白mseI廿2與untiltheyhavahadmanyyaar$ofcontiriuedexposuretohighEevels.Testscarriedoutonanimalslivingclosexothisformofradiationareparticularlyusefulbecausescientistscanruleoutthepsychologicaleffectthathumansmightbeexhibitingduetotheirfearofpossiblecontamination.Ofcourse,thedangerofexposureexistswhenusingamobilephonebutsincewedothisforlinnitedperiods,betweenwhichittsbelievedourbodiescanrecover;itisnotconsidered加seriousastheeffectoflivingq「workingnear口mast(sometimesmountedontheverybuildingweoccupy)whichistransmittingelectromagneticwaves24hoursaday.Questions1-6Answertheqiiesdonsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer,Whatwereearlytwo-wayradiosunabletouse?WhatdidyouhavetodoinordertotalkonaradLuusingsimplextechnology?WhereH'ereearlymobilephonesgenerallyused?Whatdevelopmentintroduceddigitaltechnologyintomobiletelephony?SApartfromtheareaofelectronics^inwhichareadiddevelopmentshelpmakephonesmoremobile?Whattypeoftextmessagewasthefirstoneeversent?北京新航道雅思學(xué)院Questions7-10Completethediagram.t'hooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.FrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD):twosignalssent7Questions11-13Choosethecorrectletter*A,CorD.3GtechnologyisbelievedtobemoreofathreattohealthbecauseAthesignalsaretransmittedovermuchgreaterdistancesthanbefore.Bthemastsareclosertogetherandemithigherfrequencies,Cthesignalarecarryingbothvoiceandtextmessages.Dthemodernhandsetsneededemitmoreradiation.Whymightthetestingofanimalsgiveusmarereliableresults?Abecausemostofthemliveclo&ertothemastsBbecausetheyarecontinuallyexposedtohigherle^nelsofradiationCbecausetheyarenotaffected趾acellularlevelDbecausetheyarenotafraidoftheeffectsofradiationWhatisbdievedtolimitthedangerfrommobilephones?AnotusingthemcontinuouslyBturningthemoffwhennotinuseCtnoutilingania&tonthebuildingwh^reyouliveorworkDkeepinghealthyandgettingenoughsleep北京新航道雅思學(xué)院READINGPASSAGE2Youshouldspendabout20tninuiesonQuestions14-26,whicharcbasedonReadingPassage2below.SomeFactsandTheoriesaboutFluTheflu,rnoreproperlyknownasinfluen^artakesitsnamefromthefactthatitissoeasilytransmittedfrompersontoperson(influenzaistheItalianwordfar1nfluence>Usuallycontaminationoccursthroughdirectcontactwithsecretionsfrommninfectedperson,ItsspreadisalsopossiblefromccmUrninatedairborneparticles,suchasthosethatoccurwhensoimeonecoughsorsneezes.However,itshouldmadeclearthattheriskisnotgreatfromsimplybeingin由呂sameroomasan[nfecTedperson,sinceThefluvirus,unlikeotherrespiratoryviru&esHdoesnotdissolveintheair.Within4-6hoursofsomeonetatchfngthefiUthevirusmultipliesininfectedcellsandthecellsburstspreadingthevirustoothercellsnearbynThespreadcontinuesforupto72hours,theexactlengthoftimedependingonthebodyRsimmunesystemresponseandthesiren9thcftheparticularstrainofflu.TherangecfhumanresponsestoThefluvirushasbeenofinteresttoscientistsformanyyedr&.Thi$isbecausetheeffectcanvaryfromnoinfectiontoarapidanddeadlyspreadofthevirustomanypeople.Oneare5ofstudythathasreceivedparticularattentionistheimmunesystemresponseoftheindividual.Whereaperson'simmunesystemishealthy,thevirusisattackedasitentersthebodyrusuallyintherespiratorytract.ThislessenstheseverityoftheillnessnIncontrastpeoplewithcompromjsedimmunesystems(typicalintheyoung,whereitisnotfullydeveloped,orintheoldandtheskkrwhereitisnotworkingefficiently),oftensuffertheworsteffects.Oneofthebodyr5responsestofluisthecreationofantibodieswhichrecogniseanddestroythatparticularstrainoffluvirus.Whatfascinatesmostresearchersinthefieldisthatthehumanbodyseemscapableofstoringtheseantibodiesoverawholelifetimeincaseoffutureattackfromthesameorsimilarstrainsofflu,Itwaswhileresearchingtheseantibodiesthatscientiststurnedtheirattentionbacktowharpo?iblytheworsteverflupandemictntheworid.Theactualnumberofdeathsisdisputed,buttheoutbreakin1918killedbetween20and50millionpeople.Itisalsoestimatedthatonefifthofthepopulationoftheworldmayhavebeeninfected.Throughtestsdoneonsomeofthesurvivorsofthe1918outbreak,itwa$discoveredthat90yearslaterrtheystillpossessedtheantibodiestothatstrainofflu,and5omeofthemwereactuallystiHproducingtheantibodies.Workisnowfocusedonwhythesepeoplesurvivedinthefirstplace,withonetheorybeingthattheyhadactuarybeenexposedtoanearliersimilarstrain,thereforedevelopingimmunitytothe1918strain.Rishopedthatinthenearfuture,wemightbeablwto比口latetheantibodies己ndusethemtovaccinatepeopleagainstfurtheroutbreaks.Yetvaccinationagainstthefluisanimprecisemeasure.Atbe$trthevaccineprotectsusffonnthevacationsoffluthatdoctorsexpectthatyear.!ftheirpredictionsarewronginanyparticularyearbeingvaccinatedwillnotpreventusfrombecominginfected.Thisisfurther北京新航道雅思學(xué)院cqitiplicatedbythefactthattherearetwomaintypesofflu,knownasinfluenzaAandinfluenzaB,InfluenzaBcauseslessconcernasitseffectsareirsuallyl^ssserious.InfluenzaA,however,hasthepowertochangeitsgeneticmake-up.Althoughthesegeneticchangesarerare,theycreateentirelynewstrainsoffluagainstwhichwehavenoprotection.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthisiswhathadhappenedimmediatelypriortothe1918outbreak,withresearchindicatingthatageneticshifthadtakenplaceinChina.In2005xanothergeriEticshiftinaninfluenzaAviruswasrecorded,givingrisetotheH5N1strain,otherwiseknownasavianflu,orbkdflu.Typicalofsuchnewstrains,wehavenoway□ffightingitandmanypeoplewhoareinfectedwithitdie.Perhapsmoreworryingisthatitisastrainonlypreviouslyfoundinbirdsbutwhichchangeditsgenetkmake-upinawaythatallowedittobetransmittedtohumans.Mostofthefearsurroundingthisvirusisthatitwillchangeagain,developingtheabilitytopa碧fromhumantohuman.Ifthatchangedoeshappen,scientistsanddoctorscanreasonablyexpectadeathratecomparabletothatwhichoccurredin1918and,giventhatwecannowtravelmorequicklyandmoreeasilybetweencountries,infectingmanymorepeoplethanwaspreviouslypossible^itcouldbeseveraltimesworse.Questions14-20DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformaliongiveninReadingPassage2?Writetrue ifthestatemenlagreeswithiheinformationfalse ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationnotgivenifthereisnoinformationonthisTheonlywaytocatchfluisifsomeonecoughsorsneezesnearyou.Youbecomeawarecfthesymptomsoffluwithin4-6hoursofinfection. Theeffectofafluinfectioncandependonhowstrongthestrainis.Tho^ewKoaremorelikelytosufferbadlywiththefluincludeveryyoungorveryoldpeople.Althoughiuilibodieslastalifclimascientistshavefbiindtheygetweakerwithzge,Vaccinationislargelyineffectiveagainstflu,Anotherchangeinthegeneticmake-upofthe1I5N1straincouldkillmorepeoplethanthe】918epidemic.北京新航道雅思學(xué)院Questions21-24ClassifythefollowingstatementsascharacterisingAsomethingknownbyscientiststobetrueBsomethingbelievedbyscientiststobetrueCsomethingknownbyscientiststobefalseWritethecorrectletter,A,BorC,Sharingaroomwithaflusuffererpresentsaveryhighrisktoyourhealth.Onefifthofthepeopleintheworldcaughtthefluin191S.InfluenzaAvirusesdonotchangetheirgeneticmake-upfrequently.24TheH5N1strainevolvedinorbefore2005,Questions25and26Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORJETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.25Inwhichpartofthebodydoantibodiesnormallyattackthefluvirus?26WhatkindoftransmissionoftheH5N1strainarepeopleafraidmightbecomereality?北京新航道雅思學(xué)院READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.ChangesinInternationalCommerceHowethicsandfairtradecanmakeadifferenceThepurposeofinternationalcommerceistobuythingsfromandsellthingstopeopleinothercountries.Hundreds,andindeedthousands,ofyearsago,thisactuallyworkedquitewell.Peoplewhotravelledioforeignlands,oftenbyshiprwouldtakewiththemitemsforTrade.Agriculturalcountrieswould,forexample,tradeoliveoilorwineforweaponsorotherworkediterns.Allthatneededtobenegotiatedwasafair'price*fortheitems.(Howmanyaxesisabarrelofoilworth,forexample?)Currencydidnotenterintothefirstdealsbutevenwhenitdid,fewproblemsexistedtocomplicatemattersbarringdisagreementsoverthevalueofgoods.Today,fixingafairpriceremainsatthecentreofinternationalcommerce.Whenwelookatthedealfromthepointofviewoftheseller,marketresearchmustdeterminethepriceatwhichthegoodswillbesold.ThismayvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountryandpeopleareoftensurprisedToseeexactsthesameitemforsaleattwoorthreetimesthepriceitsellsforinanothercountry.Taxationandlocalgovernmentcontrolsareionietinnesbehindth氏butoftenitcomesdowntothefactthatpeopleinpoorcountriessimplycannotaffordtopaythesameamountofmoneyasthoseinrichcountries.Thesearcthethingsasellerhastobearinmindwhenpreparingapricelistforgoodsineachcountry.Inmostcases,thepurposeofsettingasuitablepriceistosellthemaximumnumberofunits.Usually,thisisthewaytoguaranteethebiggestprofit.Oneexceptionisinthesellingofluxuryorspecialistgoods.Theseareoftengoodsforwhichrhereisalimitedmarket.HereTslightlydifferentrulesapplybecausetheprofitmargin(theamountofmoneyaproducermakesoneachitem)ismuchhigher.Fortnstartce,nearlyeveryonewantstoownatelevisionoramobilephone,andthereisalotofcompetitionintheareaofproduction,forcingtheprkestobecompetitivetoo.TheproducershavetosellaIdrgenumberofitemstomakeaprofitbecausetheirprofitmargFriiissmall.Butnoteveryonewantstobuyhand-madejewellery,oramachineforstickinglabelsontobottles.Thisenablestheproducertochargeapricemuchhigherthanthecostofmakingtheitem,increasingtheprofitmargin.Butattheheartofanysale,whethertheysellmanyitemsforasmallprofit,orafewitemsforalargeprofittheprimemotivationfortheproduceristomakeasmuchprofitaspossible.Atleast,thatwasthecaseuntilrestivelyrecentlywhen,tothegreatsurpriseofman、companiesstartedtradingwithoutprofitastheirmainobjective,Ethkaltradebeganasanattempttocauseaslittledamageaspossibletotheproducersofrawmaterialsandmanufacturedgoodsinpoorcountries.ThismovementputpressureonCheindustrytoseetoitthatworkingconditionsandhumanrightswerenotdamagedbytheneedforpoorerpeopletoproducegoods.Inshort,itdrewtotheworldsattentionthefactthatmanypoorpeoplewerebeingexploitedbybigbusinessesinTheirdrivetomakemoreprofit北京新航道雅思學(xué)院Therehavebeenmanyexamplesthroughoutthedevelopingworldwhereloulproducerswereforcedbyeconomicpressuretosupplycashcropssuchastea,coffeeandcottontomajorindustries.Thesepeopleanefrequentlynotinapositiontofixtheirprices」andareoftenforcedbymarkerconditionstosellforapricetoolowtosupporttheproducersandtheircommunity.Worsestill,whiletheagriculturojlandisgivenover(ocashcrops,itrobsthelocalpeopleoftheabilitytogrowtheirownfoodIntime,throughover-preducticnrthelandbecomesspentandinfertile,leadingtopovertystarvation,andsometimesthedestructionofthewholecommunity.Fairtradepoliciesdifferfronnethkaltradepoliciesinthattheytaketheprocessastagefurther.Whereethicalpoliciesaredesignedtokeepthedamagetoaminimtim,fairtradeorganisationsactuallyworktoimproveconditCortsamongproducersandtheircommunities.Fairtradeorganisationmviewsns國inmbilityasakey81m.Thisinvolvesinnpiemeritingpolicieswhereproducersaregivenafairpriceforthegoodstheysell,sothattheyandtherrcommunitie?cancontinuetooperate.Althoughmanybigbusinessesarecynicalaboutanoperationthatdoesnotregardprofitasamaindrivingfarce；theparadoxisthatitwillhelpthemtoo.Withsustainability占占theirmainaim,Fairtradeorgantsationsnotonlyhelpthepoorerproducersobtainareasonablestandardofliving,buttheyalsohelpguaranteeaconstantsupplyofrawmaterials.ThisformofsustainabilitybenefitseveryonejwhethertheirmotiveismakingaprofitarimprovingtheIive5oftheworld'spoorerpeople.Questions27-31Classifythe(allowingasbeingaresultofAfairtradepoliciesBethicaltradepoliciesCacountrybeingpoorWritethecorrectletter,A、BorC.Manufacturedgoodsareobtainableat日lowerpricethanelsewhere,Harmtoproducersofrawmaterialsisminimised.Humanrightsarerespected.Landisnotusedtoproducefondforthelocalpopulation,31Thelocalcommunityhasmarechanceofsurvival

北京新航道雅思學(xué)院北京新航道雅思學(xué)院Queshons32-36Completetheflowchartbelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.todecidethepricethatth