Unit3EducationandHealth最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth

TheTexas-SizeDebateOverTeachingEvolution

最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthBackgroundInformationLanguageFeaturesDetailedReadingPost-ReadingPassage1OrganizationAnalysisWarming-upQuestions最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthLanguageFeatures重視副標(biāo)題的作用

有些英文報道除正標(biāo)題以外，還有副標(biāo)題，有的還附上圖表或照片，用以說明文字。這些附加成分在概括全文精華、提煉要點上起著不可低估的作用，必須重視對它們的閱讀和理解。同正標(biāo)題相比，英文報刊的副標(biāo)題字體小，用詞也規(guī)范得多。副標(biāo)題有用在正標(biāo)題之上的，也有用在正標(biāo)題之下的。用副標(biāo)題的目的在于提供具體信息，以通俗規(guī)范的語言，概括全文的要點。因此，借助副標(biāo)題去理解正標(biāo)題，獲得的信息更直接、更具體。例如：最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth

(1)CAACslapsrestrictiononair-farediscounts（副標(biāo)題）

PriceWarCutsintoAirProfits（正標(biāo)題）針對標(biāo)題(1)，單看正標(biāo)題只知道“價格大戰(zhàn)使航空公司效益下降”。對英語水平不高的讀者來說，就不一定能理解正標(biāo)題的含義。借助于副標(biāo)題“中國民航總局懲處航空票價打折”，我們就可以理解，由于國內(nèi)各航空公司上演打折大戰(zhàn)，使得航空業(yè)效益下滑，中國民航總局采取措施制止這種行為。

(2)EffortstoBoostFujian‘sInvestment（正標(biāo)題）

Governmenturgedtocutbureaucracy（副標(biāo)題）再看標(biāo)題(2)，正標(biāo)題說“福建采取措施努力擴大外商投資”，那么到底是什么樣的具體措施呢？讀完副標(biāo)題后我們知道：“政府督促克服官僚作風(fēng)”。原來，當(dāng)?shù)卣畯耐赓Y企業(yè)中聘請代表，定期座談，征詢他們的意見，然后采取具體措施。

可見，副標(biāo)題起著補充說明正標(biāo)題、概括全文內(nèi)容的重要作用。最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthBackgroundInformationEvolutionintheClassroom

Thecontroversythatwon'tgoaway

Eventhoughitisacceptedasafactbyalmosteveryscientistintheworld,thetheoryofevolutionisstillamatterofcontroversyintheUS.Almosteveryyear,usuallyintheSouthorMidwest,therearelegalfightsabouttheteachingofevolutioninpublicschools.WisconsinandGeorgiaarethelatestbattlegrounds.最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth

Somereligiousactivistsarguethatevolutionisatheory,notafact.Theysaythatcreationism,or“intelligentdesign”—whicharguesthatGodcreatedeverything—isanalternative“scientific”theorythatshouldbetaughtalongwithevolution.AschooldistrictinWisconsinrecentlydecidedtosupportthisposition.Inresponsetothatdecision,hundredsofacademicswroteprotestletters.“Thisisnotascienceissue,”saidMichaelZimmerman,adeanattheUniversityofWisconsinOshkosh.“It'saneducationissue.”Thefightisnotover,anditremainstobeseenwhattheschooldistrictwilldo.最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth

Meanwhile,severalparentsinGeorgiawereupsetbystickersplacedinbiologytextbooksthatwarnedthat“evolutionisatheory,notafact.”Theyfiledalawsuitagainstthelocalschooldistrict,arguingthatthatthedistricthadreligiousreasonsforputtingthestickersonthebooks.“I'mastrongadvocatefortheseparationofchurchandstate,”saidJeffreySelman,oneoftheparents.最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthWhatdoYouknowaboutDarwinandhistheories?

CharlesDarwin(1809-1882)wasanEnglishnaturalistandauthor.HisOriginofSpecies(1859)andDecentofMen(1871)exertedastrongimpactinthehistoryofWesternthought.Inhisbooks,Darwinhypothesizedthatoverthemillenniamanhadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Humanswerespecial,notbecauseGodhadcreatedtheminHisimage,butbecausetheyhadsuccessfullyadaptedtochangingenvironmentalconditionsandhadpassedontheirsurvival,makingcharacteristicsgenetically.Survivalofthefittestisthefactorprincipleofthesurvivaloftheformsofplantandanimallifebestfittedforexistingconditions,whilerelatedbutlessfitformsbecomeextinct.Warming-upQuestions最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthPara.1-2Introduction

theevolutiondebate

OrganizationAnalysisPara.3-8Mainbody:Para.9Conclusions最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthPartI(Para.1-2)Introduction:

AdecisionoftheTexasBoardofEducationarousedadebateonEvolution.

Para.1

ThesuggestiononEvolutionandschoolbookswasneverfarfrommymind.Para.2

ButlastweekTexasandschoolbooksmeantsomethingelsealtogetherwhenthestateBoardofEducationrejectedastatesciencecurriculumthatrequiredteacherstodiscussthe"strengthsandweaknesses"ofthetheoryofevolution.OrganizationAnalysis最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthPartII(Para.3-8)MainBody:

MyopinionsonthisdebatePara.3

Inmanyways,thisbattlecanbeseenasthelaststandoftheProtestantevangelicalswithwhomIwasminglinganddebating.Para.4

Ifindmyselfsomewhatdrawninbythequixoticideathatweshould"teachtheargument."

Para.5

Sobyallmeanslet's"behonestwiththekids,"asDr.DonMcleroywantsustobe.

OrganizationAnalysis最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthPara.6

TheTexasanti-Darwinstalwartsalsomightwanttobewareofwhattheywishfor.

Para.7

McLeroyandhisalliesaresurelybeingsomewhatdisingenuousinaskingforevolutiontobetaughtonlywithallits“strengthsandweaknesses.”Para.8

Itismorethatevolutionistswillsayinadvancewhichevidence,iffound,wouldrefutethemandforcethemtoreconsider.OrganizationAnalysis最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthPartIII(Para.9)Conclusion:

WemayonedayhavecausetobegratefultotheTexasBoardofEducationforlightingacandlethatcannotbeputout.Inthespiritofcompromise,Iproposethefollowing:

First,

lettheschooldebatingsocietiesrestagethewonderfulset-piecereal-lifedramasofOxfordandDayton,Tenn.

Second,

wecansurelydemandthattheprincipleof"strengthsandweaknesses"willbeappliedevenly.

OrganizationAnalysis最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthDetailedReadingPassageReadingUnderstandingSentencesWordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth1.InthelastelectiontheybarelyhadacandidateafterMikeHuckabeedroppedoutand,somewouldsay,notmuchofonebeforethat.(Para.3)在上一次選舉中，當(dāng)邁克·

赫卡比退出競選后，他們只有一位候選人了，并且有人說在那之前也沒有什么好的總統(tǒng)候選人。CommentsHere“much”isapron,whichmeans“somethingverygood”.“notmuchofsth.”meansthatsomethingisnotimportant,interesting,worthyetc.Examples1.Heisnotmuchofabasketballplayer.2.Spendthevacationdecorating?Idon’tthinkmuchofthatidea.把假期用在裝修上？我認(rèn)為那并不是個好主意。UnderstandingSentencesTranslation最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth2.Perhapsmorethananyonething,theresoundingcourtroomdefeatthattheysufferedinDecember2005intheconservativedistrictofDover,Pa.,wherethe"intelligentdesign"plaintiffswereallbutaccusedoffraudbyaRepublicanjudge,hasplacedthemonthedefensive.(Para.3)也許沒有任何事件能像2005年12月他們在賓州多佛市那個保守地區(qū)的法庭上所遭受的慘敗更讓他們陷于被動了，在法庭上智能設(shè)計案的原告險些被共和黨派的法官指控為涉嫌欺詐。UnderstandingSentencesTranslation最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthUnderstandingSentencesCommentsThemainstructureofthissentenceis“morethananyonethinghasplacedthemonthedefensive”.Theparentheses“theresoundingcourtroomdefeat”isanounphrase,whichexplains“onething”.Meanwhile,the“defeat”hasbeenmodifiedbyanattributiveclauseintroducedby“that”.Moreover,inthisattributiveclause,thereisanotherattributiveclauseintroducedby“where”.最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth3.

Thus,eveniftheTexasboardhaddefiantlyvotedtodeclareevolutiontobequestionableanddebatable,itsdecisioncouldstillhavespelledtheendofamovementratherthantherevivalofone.(Para.3)Translation因此，即使德州教委會敢公然投票宣布進(jìn)化論有問題、有爭議，它的決定仍意味著一場運動的失敗而非興起spelltheendof:sthwillbefinishedandnolongercontinuing意味著…的結(jié)束Winningthecompetitionwillspelltheendofhisfinancialproblems.UnderstandingSentencesTobecontinuedComments最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthThedivorcewillspelltheendoftheirhappylife.revivalof:thefactofsomethingbecomingpopularagain再流行；復(fù)興；復(fù)活therevivalofBuddhisminChina佛教在中國的復(fù)興therevivalofoldfearsandjealousies昔日的恐懼和嫉妒的重現(xiàn)

UnderstandingSentences最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth

4.TherearedayswhenIalmostwishthefundamentalistscouldgettheirownway,justsothattheywouldfindoutwhatwouldhappentothem.(Para.6)Comments有時,我倒希望那些原教旨主義信徒們能夠隨心所欲，只有這樣他們才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會發(fā)生什么事。

UnderstandingSentencesTranslationThemainstructureofthissentenceis“Therearedays”,whichhasbeenfollowedbyanattributiveclause,introducedby“when”.Inthisattributiveclause,thereisanadverbialclauseintroducedby“sothat”.最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthCommentsExamplesUnderstandingSentencesInaddition,thereareakeyphrase.Thatis,“getone’sownway”,whichmeans“todowhatyouwantto,eventhoughsomeoneelsewantssth.different.”(隨心所欲，想怎么樣就怎么樣）1.Youshouldn’tletthechildrenalwaysgettheirownway.2.Heisverycharmingandalwaysmanagestogethisownway.最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthWordStudy1.mingle

v.mingled,mingling(Para.3)

1)tomix(withanotherthingorwithpeople)soastobeanundividedwhole

使混合；使相混；混在一起

Theking

mingledwith

thepeopleinthestreets.Thesmellofsweatandcigarsmokemingledtogether.

2)tomixwithdifferentpeopleatasocialoccasionandtalktopeoplethatyoudonotalreadyknow相交談；來回應(yīng)酬

Thecastandcrewmingledaseveryonestartedtorelax.【搭配】minglewithsb.

交往

Heistooshytominglewithothers.大家開始休息時，演員和攝制組人員湊在一起交談起來。最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth2.liability

n.(Para.3)

1)[U]legalresponsibilityforsth,esp.forpayingmoneythatisowed,orfordamageorinjury（賠償?shù)龋┴?zé)任，義務(wù)

Tenantshavelegalliabilityforanydamagetheycause.

2)[singular]someoneorsththatislikelytocauseproblemsforsomeone束縛；累贅

AkidlikeTomwouldbealiabilityinanyclassroom.【搭配】liabilitytosth

受某物影響的傾向

Takingextravitaminsmayreduceyourliabilitytocolds.WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth3.confrontation

n.(Para.4)

asituationinwhichthereisalotofangrydisagreementbetweentwopeopleorgroupswithverydifferentopinions對抗；沖突；對峙

【詞族】WordStudyShehadstayedinherroomtoavoidanotherconfrontation.anuclearconfrontation核對抗confront

v.confrontationist

n.

對抗主義者confrontationala.最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth4.civic

a.

(Para.5)

[onlybeforenoun

僅用于名詞前]

1)connectedwithatownocity城鎮(zhèn)的；城市的

thecivicauthorities城市當(dāng)局

civiccentre市中心區(qū)2)connectedwiththepeoplewholiveinatownorcity

市民的；公民的

civicduties

公民的義務(wù)

civicpride

市民對自己城市的自豪感

【助記】civ-（市民）+-ic

（形容詞后綴）WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthWordStudy5.precedentn.(Para.5)[C,U]sthofthesametypethathashappenedorexistedbefore先例；前例；慣例set/createaprecedent

開先例

withoutprecedent

史無前例的breakwithprecedent打破慣例Isthereanyprecedentforthis?這事有先例嗎？

【詞族】precedev.

在...之前；先于

precedence

n.

優(yōu)先權(quán)；優(yōu)先地位；領(lǐng)先

unprecedented

a.

空前的Tobecontinued最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthWordStudy【聯(lián)想】其他以dent結(jié)尾的詞

accidentn. confidenta. incidentn. evidenta.residentn. independenta.presidentn. dependenta.correspondentn.

新聞記者ardenta.

熱烈的；熱心的

superintendentn.監(jiān)督人prudenta.

謹(jǐn)慎的；精明的

studentn. imprudenta.輕率的

stridenta.

刺耳的 impudenta.

厚顏無恥的最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth6.astronomy

n.(Para.5)

thescientificstudyofthestars天文學(xué)

radioastronomy

射電天文學(xué)【助記】astro-（星球，天體）+-nomy（名詞詞綴）【聯(lián)想】由“astro（或aster)”構(gòu)成的單詞

astrologyn.

占星術(shù) astrologern.

占星術(shù)家

astronautn.

宇航員astroid

a.

星狀的；星形的

astrophysicsn.

天體物理學(xué)astrocompassn.

星象羅盤

astrodynamics

n.

天體動力學(xué)astronavigationn.

宇宙航行

astrophotographyn.

天體照相術(shù)

disastern.

災(zāi)禍；災(zāi)難 disastrousa.

災(zāi)難的WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth7.coalitionn.(Para.6)WordStudyaunionofpoliticalpartiesforaspecialpurpose,usu.foralimitedperiodoftime

聯(lián)合；聯(lián)盟；同盟athree-partycoalition

三黨聯(lián)盟coalitiongovernment

聯(lián)合政府policiesdesignedbyacoalitionofpublicofficialsandlocalbusinessmen由政府官員及地方商人共同制定的政策【詞族】coalize

v.coalitionistn.

聯(lián)合論者最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth8.disingenuous

a.(Para.7)notsincereandslightlydishonest不真誠的；不坦率的McEwan’sclaimsabouttheincidentstrikemeasdisingenuous.麥克尤恩關(guān)于那個事件的聲明給我的印象是不夠坦誠?！痉戳x】ingenuousa.

inexperienced,simpleandhonest

閱歷淺的；純樸的；坦誠率直的Heistooingenuousinbelievingwhatpeoplesay.【比較】

ingenuous

和ingeniousingeniousa.1)(ofaperson)cleverandskillful機靈的；機敏的WordStudyTobecontinued最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthWordStudyWordStudy

aningeniousmind機靈的頭腦

aningeniousauthor有創(chuàng)造力的作家2)(ofthings)skillfullymade精巧制成的；巧妙的

aningeniousmachine精巧的機器

flexibleandingenioustactics

機動靈活的戰(zhàn)術(shù)

選詞填空：Onlythemost__________personwouldbelievesuchaweakexcuse!

Heinventedan__________excuseforbeinglate.ingenuousingenious最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth9.secular

a.(Para.9)1)notconnectedwithachurch;notreligious

非宗教的；世俗的

secularmusic世俗音樂

seculareducation世俗教育

ourmodernsecularsociety我們現(xiàn)代的世俗化社會

2)（教士）不屬修道院的；住在教區(qū)俗人之中的

thesecularclergy教區(qū)神職人員【詞族】secularism

n.

secularize

v.WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth10.refute

v.(Para.8)formal

【正式】toprovethatastatementrideaisnotcorrect

駁斥；反駁

anattempttorefuteMoore’stheories

2)tosaythatastatementiswrongorunfair

否認(rèn)（陳述的）正確性

Sherefutedtheallegationsofmalpractice.

她否認(rèn)了說她有失職行為的指控?！颈容^】refute和refuserefusev.

youcanrefuseaninvitation,application,offer,permission,oryoucanrefusetosayordosth.Sherefusedtocomewithus.WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth11.pseudoscientific

a.

偽科學(xué)的(Para.8)pseudo-notreal;false

假的；偽的pseudointellectuals

假知識分子Hesaidastrologywasjusta

pseudoscience.他說占星術(shù)只是一種偽科學(xué)而已?！韭?lián)想】由“pseudo-”構(gòu)成的單詞pseudonymn.

筆名；假名pseudonymousa.

用假名寫的；署假名的WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth12.contendv.(Para.9)1)tocompeteagainstsomeoneinordertogainsth.

競爭；奮爭

contendwithdifficulties同困難作斗爭contendfor

aprize

為獎品而競爭She

contendedfor

agoldmedalattheOlympics.2)toargueorstatethatsth.istrue聲稱；斷言；主張Thelawyercontendedthattherewasnoanswertotheproblem.Someastronomerscontendthattheuniversemaybeyoungerthanpreviouslybelieved.WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth【短語】contendwithsth.

phr.

v.havetocontendwithsth/havesthtocontendwith

必須處理（應(yīng)付）某事

Hehadtocontendwithalotofshoutingandjeeringfromtheaudience.【辨析】compete,contend和contestcompete著重指在兩個或多人參加的競賽活動中，為戰(zhàn)勝他人或比別人做到更好而進(jìn)行的努力。有時，該詞表示對額外的刺激（如獎金、報酬）的競爭、索取。

Therewereseveralboysanxioustocompeteforthescholarship.WordStudy最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthcontend“競爭”、“斗爭”，表示竭盡全力地與相匹敵的或較強的對手相對峙或競爭。Ourfootballteamis

contendingwith

onefromthenexttownforthechampionship.contest常用于論辯、爭論或其他運動競爭，強調(diào)參賽者力圖顯示自己的優(yōu)勢，常用作及物動詞。Theyare

contesting

aprize.WordStudy

最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealthPost-Reading1.Comprehension2.Translation3.QuestionontheArticle最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth1.ComprehensionAccordingtotheauthor,thevoteoftheboardismorethanalocaleventinthat____________.itdetermineswhetherevolutionshouldbetaughtinthesciencecurriculuminotherstatesB.thesizeofTexastextbookmarketwillinfluencethetextbookstandardnationwideC.theChristianBookExpoinTexasisoneofthelargestpublishingeventsalloverthenationD.itsuggeststhatbattleagainsttheProtestantevangelicalswillcometoanendB最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth2)WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueoftheProtestantevangelicals?A.TheyhadbettercandidatesforthepresidencybeforeMikeHuckabee.B.Theplaintiffsof“intelligentdesign”wereaccusedoffraud,whichresultedintheirdefeatinthecourt.C.Theirsuccessivedefeatssignalthedeclineoftheirinfluence.D.Theywouldn’thavesufferedsuchadefeatwithoutquestioningthetheoryofevolution.C最新英美報刊選讀_Unit3EducationandHealth3)Whentheauthorsaysweshould“teachertheargument”,hemeans__________.weshouldletthestudentslearnaboutthetruthbehindtheconfrontationsbetweenevolutionistsandanti-DarwinstarwartsB.weshouldteachbothastronomyandastrology,chemistryandalchemy,inscienceclassC.weshouldgiveequaltimetobothevolutionandthe“intelligentdesign”inscienceclassD.weshouldletstudentsknowaboutthestrengthsandweaknessesofevolutionA最新英