LearningWarm-upArtAppreciation「雅典學院」這幅畫中，拉斐爾把不同時期的人全都集中在一個空間，古希臘羅馬和當代意大利五十多位哲學家藝術家科學家薈萃一堂，表現(xiàn)自己篤信人類智能的和諧、并對人類智能的贊美。這么多哲學家集中于一畫面，拉斐爾很聰慧的把不同人物，按其個別的思想特點，以最易讓人理解和感覺的方法繪畫出來。在畫中廳堂右邊有雕像智能女神雅典娜、左邊是文藝之神阿波羅。最中央是柏拉圖（腋下夾「蒂邁烏斯篇」手指天），亞里士多德（一手拿倫理學一手指前）。這是古希臘唯心和唯物之爭。（拉斐爾把柏拉圖繪成達文西的臉，以表達他對達文西的敬重。圖中還出現(xiàn)的學者有畢達哥拉斯、伊比鳩魯、赫拉克立特（他是西方最早提出「樸素辯證法」和「唯物論」的卓越代表）、古希臘犬儒學派哲學家迪奧基尼、蘇格拉底、亞歷山大、斯多葛派哲學家芝諾、歐基里得、托勒密、然后拉斐爾也把自己潛藏進畫中，用以表達他渴望走進這人文薈萃的場所，參與進神圣的知識殿堂—從數(shù)學到音樂到哲學到科學—一切的一切都是如此和諧，如此神圣、如此有秩序。光從神學、與哲學的主題，我們便發(fā)現(xiàn)，這就是一貫的拉斐爾作風，一如他的圣母像，他透過神學、哲學壁畫，表現(xiàn)出他和諧與理想的人文主義特質。THETHINKERInspiredbytheinfernoofItalianpoetDanteandthevolumeFLOWERSOFEVILbyFrenchpoetCharles

Baudelaire,thesculpturalprogramfortheGATESOFHELLreflectedadeeplypessimisticviewofhumanlifeandhappiness.ThebronzesculpturewasoriginallyintendedtocrowntheGATESOFHELL,amonumentalentrancetotheMuseedesArtsDecoratifsinParisGap-filling1.Iwritedownnewwordsseveraltimeson()paper.2.IfIhavetolearn()Ijustrepeatthemaloudtomyself.3.Itdependsonthewords,butIoften()breakawordupintodifferentparts.4.Sometimeswordsare()inmyownlanguage.5.AndsometimesI()myselfonmywaytoschool.Answers:Daver—b; Luning—d; TH—a; XF--cDaver:Iwritedownnewwordsseveraltimesonroughpaper.Thishelpsmetospellthem.Too.Oh,andIalsodrawlittlepicturessinmycocab.Book,youknow,for“fur”I’dmaybedrawafurcoat.AndIalsoimaginethepagesofthecoursebookinmyhead,youknow,photosmighthelpmerememberafewwords,orevengrammarstructures.Luning:Ican’tremembervocab.verywell.IfIhavetolearnalistofwordsIjustrepeatthemaloudtomyself,againandagain,tillIcanrememberthem.Sometimesonewordsmakesmethinkofanother,inthelist.Th:Mm,it’shardtosay.Itdependsonthewords,butIoftensortofbreakawordupintodifferentparts,youknow,like“international”,andthishelpsmeunderstandhowtheyfittogether.Sometimeswordsaresimilarinmyownlanguage,too,whichhelpsmerememberthem.XF:Thismaysoundsilly,butIhaveabaginmyroom.Iwritetranslationsofnewwordsonbitsofpaperandputtheminthebag.Afteraweek,IopenthebagandseeifIcanrememberthewordsinenglish.AndIwritetranslationsinmyvocab.bookandaskinEnglish.AndIwritetranslationsinmyvocab.bookandaskmymumtotestme.AndsometimesItestmyselfonmywaytoschool.Youknow,IsaythingsinEnglish