Howtomakeasummaryargumentation(議論文)thetopicthesupportingevidencethewriter’sconclusionanarrative(記敘文)1.純事例(5w)2.事例+啟示exposition(說明文)

Howtomakeasummaryforexposition概括----任務(wù)寫作之說明文概要Typesofexposition1.描寫事物性質(zhì)功用2.問題+解決方法3.現(xiàn)象+原因/本質(zhì)六校聯(lián)考作文NowonderEnglishposes(構(gòu)成)suchachallengetonon-nativespeakers.Thismostglobaloflanguageshasmorewordsthananyother,over1millionaccordingtotheGlobalLanguageMonitor.Outofthisnumber,theaverageAmericancollegestudenthasmasteredbetween8,000-15,000.

Realizingthatwordsarethebuildingblocksoflanguage,manyChinesestudentstryhardtocatchup.Theymakeoutlonglistsofwords–ofteninalphabeticalorder–andsimplymemorizetheirdefinitions(釋義)andChinesemeanings.

ThebadnewsisthatdefinitionmemorizationdoesthemlittlegoodwhenitcomestocollegeentrancetestsliketheSATs.Forthesetests,astudentneedstounderstand,notsimplyparrotwordsstudied.

問題+解決方法ThegoodnewsisthattherearebetterwaystobuildanacademicEnglishvocabulary.

Vocabularylearningsystem

Thefirstthingtodoistodevelopanorganized,buteasymeansofcollectingandlearningnewwords.Werecommendacardsystemthatincludesthefollowinginformation:

Word–SimpleDefinitioninEnglish–PhraseorSentence–RelatedWords–Synonyms(同義詞)andAntonyms(反義詞)–withaChinesetranslationonthereverse(背面)ofthecard.

Theadvantageofthissystemisthatwithasinglecard,astudentcanlearnnotjustonewordbutagroupofrelatedwords.

Keepyourcardsonadetachable(可分離的)metalring,soyoucancarrythemaroundandaddtoyourcollectiondaily.1.ThepassagemainlytellusthatEnglishhasalotofword.Weneedtotryhardtorememberitandweshouldalwaysuseamoreusefulway.分?jǐn)?shù)：___________理由：______________________________________________________________________PartI.Gradethesesamplesaccordingtothe standards.2有語法錯(cuò)誤，要點(diǎn)不齊，不確切2.ThepassagemainlytellsusthatwordsarethebuildingblocksofalanguagebutEnglishhasmorewordsthananyotherlanguages,whichmakesChinesestudentshardtorememberanduseit.Butthevocabularylearningsystemhelpsus.分?jǐn)?shù)：___________理由：______________________________________________________________________PartI.Gradethesesamplesaccordingtothe standards3要點(diǎn)基本齊，但不確切,抄原文過多3.TheauthorindicatesthatEnglishhasmanywordsandthedisadvantagesofthedefinitionmemorizationthatareexposedinthecollegeentrancetest.Butavocabularylearningsystemcanhelptobuildavocabulary.分?jǐn)?shù)：___________理由：______________________________________________________________________PartI.Gradethesesamplesaccordingtothe standards4要點(diǎn)齊，關(guān)鍵詞突出，表達(dá)流暢Part2.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontowhenyouarewritingagoodsummaryofexposition?1.結(jié)構(gòu)：判定說明文框架2.濃縮：根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)抓關(guān)鍵詞,替換提煉關(guān)鍵詞3.客觀：只能寫原文作者的觀點(diǎn)4.高級(jí)：語言表達(dá)高級(jí),思考表達(dá)句式根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)抓關(guān)鍵詞:問題,現(xiàn)象：challengetonon-nativespeakers,morewordsthananyother.Thebadnewsisthatdefinitionmemorizationdoesthemlittlegoodwhenitcomestocollegeentrance解決方法：betterwaystobuildanacademicEnglishvocabulary.VocabularylearningsystemPart3.Commonwords,expressionsorpatternsforthesummaryofanexposition1.描寫事物性質(zhì)功用

Inthepassagethewriter___________(介紹/敘述)…tous,especiallyits...(性質(zhì)或功用),fromwhichweknow...(對(duì)象帶來的利弊).

2.問題+解決方法

Thepassage____________(列舉)...(問題)andbringsforthseveral________________(措施/方法)tosolvetheproblem,whichincludes...(方法1),...(方法2)

and...(方法3).

3.現(xiàn)象+原因/本質(zhì)

Theauthor/writer_____________(描述/呈現(xiàn))...___________（現(xiàn)象）of...,because/but...(原因/本質(zhì)1),and...(原因/本質(zhì)2).introduces/describes

presents/states

lists/indicates

measures/methodsphenomenon

實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)1.閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。Scientistsfindthatthehard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenarehealthierthanhousewives.Evidencesshowthatthejoblessareinpoorerhealththanjob-holders.Aninvestigationshowsthatwhenevertheunemploymentrateincreasesby1%，thedeathrateincreasescorrespondingly(相應(yīng)地)by2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint：workishelpfultohealth.Whyisworkgoodforhealth？Itisbecauseworkkeepspeoplebusy，awayfromlonelinessandsolitude.Researchesshowthatpeoplefeelunhappy，worriedandsolitarywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead，thehappiestarethosewhoarebusy.Manyhighachieverswholovetheircareersfeeltheyaremosthappywhentheyareworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenmanandreality.Bywork，peoplecomeintocontactwitheachother.Bycollectiveactivity，theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofworkmeansthelossofeverything.Itaffectsmanspirituallyandhencemakeshimlikelytodisease.Besides，workgivesonethesenseoffulfillmentandasenseofachievement.Workmakesonefeelhisvalueandstatusinsociety.Whenawriterfinisheshiswritingoradoctorsuccessfullyoperatesonapatientorateacherseeshisstudentsprogress，theyarehappybeyondwords.

Apossibleversion:Theauthorhighlightstheeffectofworkonpeople’shealth,becauseitcanridoneofloneliness,andmakeonefeelfruitfulandproudofhimself,whichalwayscontributestoagoodbody.（現(xiàn)象+原因）

實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)2.閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。

Friendshipwithoneselfisallimportant,becausewithoutitonecannotbefriendswithanyoneelseintheworld.—EleanorRooseveltWeoftenfocusonbuildingrelationshipswithothersthatweforgettheessentialfirststep:beingfriendsofourselves.Thatisthecrucialfirststepifwearetohavegoodrelationshipswithothers.Howcanwehavegoodrelationshipswithothersifwedon’tevenhavegoodrelationshipwithourselves?Herearesometips:1.ForgiveyourselfYoumayhavemadethosemistakesinthepast,butisthereanythingyoucandoaboutthem?Idon’tthinkso,exceptlearningfromthem.It’struethatyouarenotperfect,butneitheriseverybodyelse.It’snormaltomakemistakes,sodoyourselfafavorbygivingyourselfforgiveness.

2.FocusonyourstrengthsInsteadoffocusingonyourweaknesses,focusonyourstrengths.Youalwayshavesomestrengthswhichgiveyouauniquecombinationnobodyelsehas.Recognizeyourstrengthsandbuildyourlifearoundthem.3.StopcomparingyourselfwithothersYouareunique.Youcanneverbelikeotherpeople,andneithercanotherpeoplebelikeyou.Thewayyoumeasureyoursuccessisnotdeterminedbyotherpeopleandwhattheyachieve.Instead,itisdeterminedbyyourownlifepurpose.Youhaveeverythingyouneedtoachieveyourlifepurpose,soit'suselesstocompareyourselfwithothers.

Apossibleversion:Thepassagestressestheimportanceofbeingfriendsofourselvesandgivesafewtips,suchasforgivingourselves,concentratingonouradvantagesandnotcomparingourselveswithothers.(問題+解決方法)Tosumup:Howtowriteagoodsummaryofexposition根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)抓關(guān)鍵詞A.描寫事物性質(zhì)功用B.問題+解決方法C.現(xiàn)象+原因/本質(zhì)2.考慮句型和語法現(xiàn)象：從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、非謂語動(dòng)詞，with結(jié)構(gòu)等；3.根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，寫出概要；實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)3.閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。

ThefirstrecordeddesignofahumanoidrobotwasmadebyLeonardodaVinciaround1495.DaVinci’snotebooks,rediscoveredinthe1950s,containeddetaileddrawingsforamechanicalkingthatwasobviouslyabletositup,waveitsarms,andmoveitsheadandjaw.ThedesignwaslikelybasedonhisresearchrecordedinTheVitruviusMan.Itisnotknownwhetherornotheattemptstobuildtherobot.Thefirstknownfuncti