Unit7InternationalcharitiesPassivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttensesGrammar詞組1慈善活動(dòng)2分發(fā)3建立4包括書本charityactivitieshandoutsetupincludingbooksn.傳單,散頁印刷品handouttheleaflets分發(fā),提出1.…,andabout80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.2.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.3.Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.4.…,150patientsareoperatedon.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是謂語的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是謂語的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我們每天都打掃教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我們)打掃。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞ThecakewaseatenbyDaniel.2.Nancyboughtabookyesterday.3.ThelittledogislookedafterverywellbySimon.4.HeisreadingEnglish.5.Thecomputerisboughtbymyuncle.6.Iamwokenupbymyfathereverymorning.Underlinethepassivevoiceinthefollowingsentences.什么時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Somewindows

werebrokenlastnight.Thisbook

wassoldoutyesterday.

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries.

RiceisfirstgrowninChina.MrWuisliked

byallofhisstudents.所有的學(xué)生都喜歡吳老師。注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中,如果我們需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可以由by引出。常用時(shí)態(tài)形式

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（過去分詞縮寫成：P.P.）2.一般過去時(shí)was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.wastakenC.aretakenD.istaken5.Millieismybestfriend.I___often____toherparty.A.isinvitedB.aminvitedC.areinvitedD.wasinvited6.LastyearBeijing____byabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)語態(tài)主語She謂語(主動(dòng)式)hurt賓語me.被動(dòng)語態(tài)原賓語(改為主格)I謂語(被動(dòng)式)washurtby原主語(改為賓格)her.主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的三部曲

1）變：把主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語。（主語變?yōu)閎y的賓語，可省去）。

（2）套：套用主動(dòng)句中的時(shí)態(tài)。

（3）注意：注意人稱的變化而產(chǎn)生的be動(dòng)詞形式的變化。

TheirHomeworke.g.(1)Hecleansthewindowseveryday.(2)students

finished

theirhomeworkyesterday.arecleanedbyhimeveryday.Thewindowswasfinishedbystudents1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.EXERCISES

areusedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）4.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.5.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.6.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyJapanese.Japanese_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.

wasasked

isdoneAtrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動(dòng)詞（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.當(dāng)此動(dòng)詞表示事物的自然屬性(特性)的時(shí)候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,die…一、注意（不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞）：區(qū)別：

1.Thiskindofshoes_______inthismall.(sell)

Thiskindofshoes_______wellinthismall.

2.Rice___________inSouthChina.(grow)

Rice__________wellinSouthChina.issoldsellsisgrowngrows二、注意：1).Weoftenhearhimplaythepiano.

2).Shemademewaitforalongtimeyesterday.Iwasmadetowaitfor

alongtimeyesterday.

賓補(bǔ)是V--ing形式，應(yīng)繼續(xù)用V--ing形式Weheardthebirdssinginginthetreejustnow.Thebirdswereheardsinginginthetreejustnow.Heisoftenheardtoplaythepiano.在see,watch,hear,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后不定式都不帶to,但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后要添加to.三注意：含有雙賓語的短語，將其中的一個(gè)賓語(物)變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，要添加to或for+sb.1).Shegivesmeagift.

→

Agiftisgiventomebyher.=Iamgivenagift

byher.2).Mymotherboughtmeadressyesterday.Adresswasboughtformebymymotheryesterday.=Iwasboughtadressbymymotheryesterday.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).arehandedouttopeopleLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltLanguagepoints1OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942.set-set-setsetup建立,成立這所學(xué)校建于1999年。Theschool______________in1999.政府想為貧困孩子建立一個(gè)學(xué)校。Thegovernmentwantsto____________forthepoorchildren.wassetupsetupaschool2include動(dòng)詞，包括，包含，把..算在內(nèi)including介詞，包括，包含這個(gè)著名的主題公園包括四種不同的公園。Thisfamousthemepark________fourdifferentkindsofparks.課程中涉及許多主題，包括旅行和飯店，食物和飲料，以及購物及金錢。Manytopicarecoveredinthecourse,______travelandhotels,foodanddrink,andshoppingandmoney.

includesincludingPractice:1.

Womenoftentalkaboutclothes.→Clothes____often_____aboutbywomen.2.

DotheymakethiskindofbusinNanjing?→___thiskindofbus_____inNanjing?3.Theyusebroomsforsweepingthefloor.→Brooms_________forsweepingthefloor.4.Theybuiltmanytallbuildingsintheirhometownlastyear.→Manytallbuildings_________intheirhometownlastyear.

aretalked

Ismade

areused

werebuilt

將下列句子改成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)．

1.Workersusemetalformakingmachines.

2.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

3.Thestudentscleanedtheclassroom.

4.MysistertookthesephotosontheGreatWall.

Metalisusedformakingmachines.

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Theclassroomwascleanedbythestudents.ThesephotosweretakenontheGreatWall.5.Thissongisoftensung.(用thegirl做主語)6.Thedictionarymustbetakengoodcareof.(用you作主語)7.Ashortplaywil