Unit2Theenvironment

Ⅰ.單詞默寫(xiě)1．debate

n．&vi.辯論；爭(zhēng)論；討論2．recycle

vt.&vi.回收利用3．pump

vt.&vi.用泵(或泵樣器官等)輸送；涌出，涌流n．泵；抽水機(jī)；打氣筒4．customs

n．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅5．conflict

vi.

沖突；抵觸n．沖突；矛盾6．a(chǎn)dministration

n．管理；管理部門；施行；(美國(guó))政府7．illegal

adj.違法的，非法的8．electrical

adj.電的；用電的9．particular

adj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的；挑剔的10．a(chǎn)bsorb

vt.吸收；理解；使全神貫注11．belief

n．a(chǎn)strongfeelingthatsthistrue12．operate

v．tomanageandrunabusiness13．decrease

vt.&vi.tobecomeormakesthbecomesmallerinsize，number，etc.14．measure

n．a(chǎn)nofficialactionthatisdoneinordertoachieveaparticularaim15．a(chǎn)ppreciate

vt.tobegratefulforsththatsbhasdoneⅡ.詞匯拓展1．productionn．生產(chǎn)→product

n．產(chǎn)品→productive

adj.能產(chǎn)的；多產(chǎn)的→produce

v．生產(chǎn)→producer

n．生產(chǎn)者；制作者；制片人2．responsibilityn．責(zé)任，職責(zé)→responsible

adj.負(fù)責(zé)的→irresponsible

adj.不負(fù)責(zé)任的3．environmentalistn．環(huán)境保護(hù)論者；環(huán)境論者→environmental

adj.環(huán)境的；與環(huán)境有關(guān)的→environment

n．環(huán)境→environmentally

adv.環(huán)境上；與環(huán)境有關(guān)地4．conservationn．保護(hù)；保存→conserve

vt.保護(hù)(自然資源等)5．technicaladj.技術(shù)的→technique

n．技術(shù)→technician

n．技術(shù)人員，技師語(yǔ)境助記——詞不離句，句不離段Weallappreciatethemeasureforaforestreserve，whereparticularlyillegalcuttingisprohibited.AsfarasI'mconcerned，weshouldtaketheresponsibilityandconserveourenvironment.Ⅲ.短語(yǔ)落實(shí)1．openthefloor自由發(fā)言2．beconcernedabout關(guān)心；掛念3．a(chǎn)llowsbtodosth允許某人做某事4．runout(of)用完；耗盡5．changebackinto恢復(fù)原狀；還原；復(fù)原6．doresearchinto/on調(diào)查；研究7．drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論8．getintotrouble陷入麻煩9．doone'spart盡自己的職責(zé)10．inthiscase在這種情況下Ⅳ.句子翻譯1．Whenpeoplethinkoffactories，theythinkofcloudsofdirtysmokeorpipespouringchemicalwasteintoriver.(Page23)一想到工廠，人們就會(huì)想到污濁的滾滾濃煙或向河流傾瀉化學(xué)廢物的管道。2．Peopleoftenhavethisbeliefthatdevelopmentisbadfortheenvironment，butthisdoesnothavetobetrue.(Page23)人們常常認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)環(huán)境有害，但這不一定是正確的。3．Askingaround，Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayalittlehigherpricesforthingsthatarefriendlytotheenvironment.(Page23)我問(wèn)過(guò)周圍的人，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多人都愿意支付稍高一些的價(jià)錢來(lái)購(gòu)買環(huán)保產(chǎn)品。4．之后我們將展開(kāi)自由討論。(Page22)Thenwewillopenthefloorfordiscussion.5．我今天首先要對(duì)你們談的是化學(xué)廢物如何破壞世界上的大片區(qū)域。(Page22)FirstIamtalkingtoyoutodayaboutthewayvastareasoftheworldaredamagedbychemicalwaste.Ⅴ.教材設(shè)題句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞)1．Whilewedamageourenvironment，wekeepproducingmoreandmorepeoplewhoneedmorelandtoliveonandmorefoodtoeat！(教材P22)→Damaging

ourenvironment/Whiledamagingenvironment，wekeepproducingmoreandmorepeoplewhoneedmorelandtoliveonandmorefoodtoeat!2．However，Idoagreethatweshouldproducemorethingsfrommaterialsthathavebeenrecycled，andlessfromrawmaterials，thesupplyofwhichisgrowingsmallerandsmaller.(教材P23)→However，Idoagreethatweshouldproducemorethingsfromrecycledmaterials，andlessfromrawmaterials，thesupplyofwhichisgrowingsmallerandsmaller.3．Thosefactorieswhichpollutetheenvironmentshouldhavetopayhighertaxes.(教材P23)→Thosefactoriespollutingtheenvironmentshouldhavetopayhighertaxes.4．ThisisnotgoodnewsforthepeoplewhorelyontheYangtzeRiverforwater.(教材P38)→Thisisnotgoodnewsforthepeoplewhoaregiven/offeredwaterbytheYangtzeRiver.5．WestillhavealongwaytogotosolvealltheproblemsinregardtotheYangtzeRiver.(教材P38)→Wemusttakemanymeasures(steps)/domanythingstosolvealltheproblemsinregardtotheYangtzeRiver.【課本原句】Today'sdebatequestionis“Theeconomyortheenvironment—mustwechoose？”(P22)今天辯論的話題是“要經(jīng)濟(jì)還是環(huán)境——我們必須得做出選擇嗎？”

debatevi.&n．辯論，爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)論debateon/about...就……辯論debatewithsbaboutsth和某人就某事討論debatewhethertodosth/debatewhether＋從句考慮，討論是否……h(huán)aveadebate進(jìn)行討論open/closeadebate開(kāi)始/終止辯論underdebate在討論中辨析debate/quarrel/argue/disscuss(1)quarrel是指因?yàn)閷?duì)某事不喜歡或強(qiáng)烈不滿而發(fā)生的“爭(zhēng)吵”或“吵架”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：quarrelwithsb；quarrelaboutsth。(2)argue是指一方著重就自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)提出論證，并就此同對(duì)方“爭(zhēng)論”或“爭(zhēng)辯”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：arguewithsbabout/oversth。(3)debate多指在公開(kāi)，正式場(chǎng)合各自陳述理由，內(nèi)含“交鋒”的意思。(4)discuss指為了解決問(wèn)題或弄清對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的討論，磋商。 ——看看高考怎么考①Recentlyasurveycomparingpricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebate(引起熱烈的討論)amongcitizens.(2011·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空31)②Theministersaid，“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties，butwe'llnever______withcriminals.”(2011·湖北卷·單項(xiàng)填空27)A．negotiateB．quarrelC．a(chǎn)rgueD．consult答案A介詞填空③Asyettherehasbeenlittlepublicdebateontheseissues.④Thewholequestionofcompensationisstillunderdebate.【課本原句】Thefigureisnowapproaching6.5billionpeople！(P22)這個(gè)數(shù)字現(xiàn)在接近65億！figurethat...認(rèn)為……figuresthout想出；理解；計(jì)算出figuresbout弄明白；看透；理解figureouthow/what...想出……

figuren．?dāng)?shù)字 ——看看高考怎么考①HoweverthistimearoundImanagedtoreachthestopsignwitheaseandIfigured(認(rèn)為)Iwouldgoalittlefurther.(2011·湖南卷·閱讀表達(dá))②Becauseleadersarepublicfigures(人物)，theirapologiesarelikelytobepersonallyuncomfortableandevenprofessionallyrisky.

(2011·江蘇卷·任務(wù)型閱讀)翻譯句子③我認(rèn)為他喝醉了，不應(yīng)該讓他開(kāi)車。Ifigured

thathewasdrunkandshouldn'tbeallowedtodrive.④她推斷他會(huì)在星期二離開(kāi)。ShefigureoutthathewasleavingonTuseday.【課本原句】Itwouldbeashameiftheyweredestroyedbecauseofpeople'sactivitiesthere.(P29)如果它們被人類在公園的活動(dòng)所毀滅，該是一件多么令人惋惜的事啊。It'sashamethat...真遺憾……whatashame!真可惜！bringshameonsb使某人蒙羞toone'sshame使某人感到慚愧的是inshame慚愧地beashamedof...感到羞愧；以……為恥

shamen．羞愧；慚愧；可恥的事；惋惜的事 ——看看高考怎么考①That'sa_shame(一種恥辱)，becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.

(2011·重慶卷·閱讀理解E)翻譯句子②真遺憾，你們這么快就走了。It'sashamethatyouhavetoleave

sosoon.③他的妻子使他羞愧得只好把錢交回去。Hiswifehamedhimintohanding

themoneyback.【課本原句】WebelievethattheeffortsoftheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeopletoprotestthismuch－lovedriverwillbeappreciatedforyearstocomebyfuturegeneration.(P38)我們相信，中國(guó)政府和人民為保護(hù)這條他們所摯愛(ài)的河流而做出的努力將在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)得到后人的肯定和贊賞。

effortn．努力makeanefforttodosth努力做某事sparenoeffort不遺余力makeeveryeffort(todo)盡一切努力(做)withaneffort費(fèi)力地，使勁兒地withouteffort毫不費(fèi)勁地 ——看看高考怎么考①Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects(降低即時(shí)影響)．(2011·北京卷·閱讀理解D)②Hesparednoeffort(不遺余力)tosavethepatient.③Everyeffort______todealwiththeissuesyouraisedatthemeeting.(2012·湖南石門一中高三摸底考試)A．ismaking B．wasdoingC．isbeingmade D．isgiven答案C【課本原句】WebelievethattheeffortsoftheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeopletoprotestthismuch－lovedriverwillbeappreciatedforyearstocomebyfuturegeneration.(P38)我們相信，中國(guó)政府和人民為保護(hù)這條他們所摯愛(ài)的河流而做出的努力將在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)得到后人的肯定和贊賞。

appreciatevt.賞識(shí)，欣賞；感激appreciatesth欣賞/賞識(shí)/感激某事物appreciatedoingsth感激做某事appreciateone/one'sdoingsth感激某人做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我將不勝感激appreciationn.賞識(shí)，欣賞；感激 ——看看高考怎么考①It'shardforpeopletoappreciate(欣賞)Blues.(2011·福建卷·閱讀理解B)②Shetookmetothetheatre—notjustchildren'stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas—andherfaiththatIcouldappreciate(賞識(shí))adultplayswasnotdisappointed.(2011·上海卷·閱讀理解A)③Idon'tappreciatebeingtreated(愿被當(dāng)作)asasecond－classcitizen.④Iwouldappreciate______verymuchifyouloadthefilesforme.(2012·邵東創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校10月份月考)A．itB．youC．thatD．one答案A【課本原句】Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.(P22)我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡量削減生產(chǎn)，減少制造和購(gòu)買的物品的數(shù)量。

cutbackon減少；消減【聯(lián)想拓展】cutacross抄近路通過(guò)cutaway切除；剪掉；割斷cutin插嘴；讓(某人)分享利潤(rùn)cutoff中斷，停掉；割斷，剪掉；阻礙，堵塞cutdown消減；砍倒；殺死(某人)cutup切碎；使傷心 ——看看高考怎么考①Forexample，manycompaniesnowhavetoinvest(投資)alotofmoneyininformationtechnologyandstafftraininginordertocopewiththe“phonerage”—causedbydelaysinansweringcalls，beingcutoff(被中斷)inmid-conversationorleftwaitingforlongperiods. (2011·浙江卷·閱讀理解C)②Thecitycutdown(削減)ontheworkforcethatkeptthepark，andprettysoonitjustgottoouglyanddirtytoenjoyanymore.

(2010·浙江卷·閱讀理解D)③Theyhavecutbackon(削減)steelproductioninrecentmonths.④ThecompanywhereIworkisnotasgoodasbefore，sothemanagerhasdecidedtofiresomeemployeesto______theexpensesofhiscompany.(2012·長(zhǎng)沙同升湖實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高三期中考試)A．cutoff B．cutawayC．cutup D．cutdown答案D【課本原句】Whatiftheyrunout？(P25)倘若我們用完了空間，該怎么辦呢？【聯(lián)想拓展】runacross＝runinto偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；偶然碰到runafter追趕，追求runfor競(jìng)選runover軋過(guò)；碾過(guò)runaway逃離

runout(of)用完，耗盡

辨析runout/runoutof/useup(1)runout意為“用完了”，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常為時(shí)間、食物、金錢等名詞。(2)runoutof(＝useup)意為“用完”，為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)含義，主語(yǔ)一般為人。(3)useup意為“用光，用完”。為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)一般為人。 ——看看高考怎么考①TheundergroundwaterinSaudiArabiamightranout(用光)in50years. (2010·安徽卷·閱讀理解E73)②Thesetwocandidatesthenrunfor(競(jìng)選)presidentinthegeneralelection.③Alongtheway，IrealizedthatIhad______resumes(簡(jiǎn)歷)． (2011·安徽卷·完形填空)A．madeuseof B．takencareofC．runoutof D．becometiredof答案C④Mymoney______.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofsavingsoutbeforeI'venoneinhand.(2012·江西臨川一中11月份月考)A．hasrunout B．isrunningoutC．hasbeenrunout D．isbeingrunout答案B【課本原句】Towspecialgovernmentprojectsarealsounderway.(P38)兩項(xiàng)特別的政府項(xiàng)目也正在進(jìn)行中。【聯(lián)想拓展】underconsideration 在考慮中underconstruction 在建設(shè)中undercontact 在聯(lián)系中underdiscussion 在討論中underexamination 在審查中underinvestigation 在調(diào)查中underrepair 在修理中undertrial 在受審中undercontrol 在控制之中

underway在進(jìn)行中；在前進(jìn)中 ——看看高考怎么考①M(fèi)ostofthemealscanservetwopeopleandareunder$10(十美元以下)，sonotonlyisitaffordablebutpracticalaswell.(2011·湖南卷·閱讀理解A)②Itisstillunderdiscussion(在討論中)whethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.(2011·重慶卷·單項(xiàng)填空22)③______specialgovernmentprojectisunder______waytoprotecttheriver. (2012·江蘇省海門市高三考試)A．/；/B．The；aC．A；/D．A.the答案C④—Thenewbuildingis______.—Ihopewe'llmoveintoitbytheendofthisyear.(2012·長(zhǎng)沙市一中月考)A．underbeingconstructionB．inconstructionC．onconstructionD．underconstruction答案D【課本原句】Thepopulationoftheriverhasresultedinunsafedrinkingwaterhasledtohealthproblemsforpeoplelivingneartheriver.(P38)河水污染的后果是導(dǎo)致飲用水的不安全，這給生活在長(zhǎng)江附近的居民帶來(lái)各種健康問(wèn)題。

leadto導(dǎo)致；造成；通向【聯(lián)想拓展】leadsbtodosth＝causesbtodosth導(dǎo)致某人做某事leadsbto＋n.引導(dǎo)某人……leadasimple/hardlife過(guò)著儉樸/艱苦的生活inthelead領(lǐng)先takethelead帶頭，領(lǐng)先leadto中to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不接動(dòng)詞原形。 ——滿分作文之佳句a．Usingthemouseforalongtimemayleadtopainfulwristsandfingers.b．Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecondhandsmoke,whichcauses100,000deathsperyear.c．Usuallynegativeattitudesbringaboutabadmood.d．Thisresultsinitsnotbeingprepared. ——看看高考怎么考①Whatsizeofanorganizationmaylead_to(導(dǎo)致)communicationfailures？ (2011·上海卷·閱讀理解D)②Muscle(肌肉)problemsthatcanleadto(導(dǎo)致)kidney(腎臟)problems，includingkidneyfailure.(2010·湖南卷·閱讀理解A)③Lookoverthere—there'saverylong，windingpath______uptothehouse. (2011·山東卷·語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)27)A．leadingB．leadsC．ledD．tolead答案A④Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly______violence. (2007·浙江卷·單項(xiàng)填空11)A．runsinto B．comesfromC．leadsto D．beginswith答案C【課本原句】ThisisnotgoodnewsforthepeoplewholiveinallthetownsandcitiesalongtheYangtzeRiverandwhorelyonitforwater.(P38)這對(duì)于居住在長(zhǎng)江兩岸和飲用水需要依賴長(zhǎng)江的所有城鎮(zhèn)居民來(lái)說(shuō)并不是好消息。relyonsb/sth 依靠某人/某物relyonsbtodosth 依靠/指望某人做某事relyonitthat... 相信/信賴……relyonone'sownefforts/strength 依靠自己努力/力量

relyon依靠，依賴 ——看看高考怎么考①Itwasdarkandrainingheavily，Ceelywasrelying_on(依靠)herGPS，butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.(2011·浙江卷·閱讀理解A)②Asktoworkwithadifferentperson，ordon'trely_on(指望)theperson. (2011·廣東卷·閱讀理解B)③Hecan'tbereliedon(不能指望)totellthetruth.④IthinkIcancome.Butdon't______.(2012·長(zhǎng)沙地質(zhì)中學(xué)月考)A．dependonB．relyonitC．wantitD．makeit答案B

mysuggestionisthat...

是一個(gè)常用來(lái)提出建議的句子，意為

“我的建議是……”?！菊n本原句】Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.(P23)我的建議是，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量削減生產(chǎn)，減少制造和購(gòu)買物品的數(shù)量。和動(dòng)詞suggest一樣，suggestion后面that從句里需用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。advice，recommendation，order，request，demand等名詞后接表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 ——看看高考怎么