專題九名詞、冠詞基礎訓練一、基礎練習：翻譯下列句子（名詞和主謂一致）1.一百萬美元是一筆大數目。______【答案】Amilliondollarsisalargesum.【分析】本題考查漢譯英?！窘獯稹柯?.老年人在我們村受到了細心的照顧。(takecareof)______【答案】Theoldarewelltakencareofinourvillage.【分析】本題考查漢譯英?！窘獯稹柯?.盡管是節(jié)日，我國的部分工人仍然還在工作。(partof)______【答案】Holidayasitis,partofworkersinourcountryarestillworking.【分析】本題考查漢譯英?！窘獯稹柯?.作為高中生，幫助別人是我們的責任。______【答案】Asaseniorhighstudent,helpingothersisourduty/responsibility.【分析】本題考查漢譯英?！窘獯稹柯?.當地震發(fā)生時，這位母親正和她的兩個孩子在公園參觀。______【答案】Whentheearthquakehappened,themother,aswellashertwochildren,wasvisitingthepark.【分析】本題考查漢譯英?！窘獯稹柯?.中國的人口超過13億，大約80%是農民。(1300million)______【答案】ThepopulationofChinaisover1,300million,and,about80percentofthemarefarmers/about80percentofwhomarefarmers.【分析】本題考查漢譯英?！窘獯稹柯?.破壞森林的結果是，大量的沙漠吞噬了我的家鄉(xiāng)。(cover)______【答案】Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeamountofdeserthascoveredmyhometown.【分析】本題考查漢譯英。【解答】略8.經過人們的努力，我的家鄉(xiāng)三分之一的地區(qū)被樹木和草覆蓋了。(cover)______【答案】Withtheeffortofthevillagers,onethirdofhometowniscoveredbytreesandgrass.【分析】本題考查漢譯英?！窘獯稹柯?.擁有私人轎車的人在增加。(thenumberof,increase)______【答案】Thenumberofpeopleowning/havingprivatecarsisincreasingeveryday./Thenumberofpeoplewhoownprivatecarsisincreasing.【分析】本題考查漢譯英。【解答】略10.我最好的朋友之一是李華。______【答案】OneofmybestfriendsisLiHua.【分析】本題考查漢譯英。【解答】略二、強化訓練1.()Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool______fromthecountryside. A.is B.are C.comes D.arecoming【答案】B【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓何覀儗W校百分之七十的學生來自農村。主語是“百分數+of”短語時，謂語動詞的單復數形式由of后面的名詞來確定。2.()Boththeboyandthegirl______learntFrench. A.has B.have C.are D.is【答案】B【分析】本題考查主謂一致。【解答】句意：這個男孩和這個女孩都學過法語。主語為男孩和女孩兩個人，謂語動詞用復數形式。3.()Thenumberofpeoplewho______cars______increasing. A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are【答案】C【分析】本題考查主謂一致。【解答】句意：擁有汽車的人的數量正在增加。擁有汽車的是people，所以own用復數形式。增長的是number，所以謂語動詞用單數形式。4.()OneofMarx'sworks______WritteninEnglishin1860. A.was B.were C.wouldbe D.are【答案】A【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓厚R克思的其中一部著作于1860年用英文寫成。主語為一部作品，謂語動詞用單數形式。5.()Oneachsideofthestreet______alotoftrees. A.stands B.grow C.isstanding D.aregrown【答案】B【分析】本題考查主謂一致及動詞辨析?！窘獯稹烤湟猓航值赖膬膳蚤L了許多樹。本題采用倒裝結構。還原成不倒裝的語序為“Alotoftreesoneachsideofthestreet.”可見，主語為許多樹，為復數形式，謂語動詞用復數形式，且樹木生長為主動關系。6.()TheArabianNights______wellknowntoEnglishlovers. A.is B.were C.are D.isbeing【答案】A【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓骸兑磺Я阋灰埂愤@本書對英語愛好者來說都知道。TheArabianNights為一部文學作品的名稱，謂語動詞用單數形式。7.()Layingeggs______thebeequeen'sfull-timejob. A.is B.are C.has D.have【答案】A【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓寒a卵是蜂后的全職工作。句子的主語為產卵這項活動，為單數，謂語動詞使用單數形式。8.()Betweenthetwobuildings______amonument. A.stand B.stands C.standing D.isstanding【答案】B【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓簝勺ㄖ虚g坐落著一個紀念碑。本題為倒裝句。調整成非倒裝的語序為Amonumentbetweenthetwobuildings.主語為amonument，為單數，謂語動詞使用單數形式stands。9.()I,who______yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow. A.am B.is C.are D.was【答案】A【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓鹤鳛槟愕暮门笥训奈?，會分享你的快樂和痛苦。定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持主謂一致。10.()TheUnitedNations______in1945. A.werefound B.werefounded C.wasfounded D.wasfound【答案】C【分析】本題考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。【解答】句意：聯合國于1945年建立。謂語動詞使用單數形式。建立的原形為found，過去分詞為founded。11.()______werealsoinvitedtotheparty. A.Mr.Smith B.TheSmith C.TheSmiths D.Smiths【答案】C【分析】本題考查主謂一致。【解答】句意：史密斯一家也被邀請參加了派對。題中的謂語動詞為復數形式，故主語也應該選一個復數含義的集合名詞?！皌he+姓氏+s”表示一家人，符合句意。12.()Threehourswithyourgirlfriend______tobeashorttime. A.seem B.seems C.isseeming D.hasseemed【答案】B【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓焊闩笥言谝黄鸬娜齻€小時似乎是很短的一段時間。threehours當一個時間段作為整體講，主語為單數，謂語動詞用單數形式。13.()Thepolice______foraprisoner. A.issearching B.aresearching C.aresearched D.issearched【答案】B【分析】本題考查主謂一致。【解答】句意：警方正在搜尋一個囚犯。thepolice意味警方，是集合名詞，主語為復數，謂語動詞使用復數形式。14.()Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,______visitBeijingthissummer. A.isgoingto B.aregoingto C.wasgoingto D.weregoingto【答案】A【分析】本題考查主謂一致。【解答】句意：史密斯博士將會和他的妻子和女兒們一起在今年夏天游覽北京。句子的主語為史密斯博士，主語為單數，謂語動詞使用單數形式。togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters為插入成分。15.()ThemostimpressivesightinChina,oneofthewondersoftheworld______theGreatWall. A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】A【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓褐袊钜巳雱俚木跋螅澜缙孥E之一，是長城。主語為單數，謂語動詞使用單數形式。16.()—HaveyouheardthatJones,alongwithherparents,______toHainanforthewintervacation?—Really?NowonderIhaven'tseenherthesedays. A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.hasgone D.havegone【答案】C【分析】本題考查主謂一致及短語辨析?！窘獯稹烤湟猓骸阌袥]有聽說瓊斯跟著她的父母親在寒假的時候去海南了？——真的嗎？難怪我這幾天沒有看到她。主語為瓊斯，alongwithherparents為插入成分，謂語動詞用單數形式。hasgoneto表示已經去了，尚未回來；hasbeento指去過，已經回來，根據答句句意，應選C。17.()ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities______risingsteadilysince1990. A.is B.are C.hasbeen D.havebeen【答案】C【分析】本題考查主謂一致?！窘獯稹烤湟猓荷现袊髮W的外國學生人數自1990年來穩(wěn)步增長。主語為人數，是單數，謂語動詞使用單數形式。由since1990可知，本題應用完成時，故選hasbeen。18.()Theteachertogetherwiththestudents______discussingReadingSkillsthat______newlypublishedinAmerica. A.are;were B.is;were C.are;was D.is;was【答案】D【分析】本題考查主謂一致。【解答】句意：這位老師正在和學生一起討論在美國新出版的《閱讀技巧》一書。主句主語為theteacher，謂語動詞使用單數形式。從句的謂語動詞形式與先行詞保持一致，先行詞ReadingSkills是一本書。練習綜合練習1（名詞）1.(2023?全國卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,Ihaveconsidereddifferent______(job)Iwouldliketodo.【答案】jobs【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縟ifferent修飾可數名詞的復數。2.(2023?全國卷Ⅲ)I'ma______(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【答案】scientist【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕湟夂凸谠~a可知，填scientist“科學家”。3.(2023?浙江)MakingChinese______(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【答案】dishes【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹糠治鼍湟饪芍?，空處應該用名詞的復數形式。intheirwork,shepickedupapairof______(scissor).【答案】scissors【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕懊娴腶pairof可知，應用名詞的復數。5.(2023?浙江)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein______(weigh)problems.【答案】weight【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹靠疾槊~修飾名詞。weightproblems體重問題。______(express)inhereyestoldmesomethingwaswrong.【答案】expression【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹看颂帒妹~作句子的主語。7.(2023?天津)The______(possible)thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.【答案】possibility【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】根據冠詞the和that后的同位語從句可知，此處用名詞possibility。wasoneofthefourAsianstudents,soIenduphangingoutwithother______(minority).【答案】minorities【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕懊娴膄ourAsianstudents可知，此處應用復數。1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible______(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.【答案】crowds【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹靠疾樾稳菰~修飾名詞，此處表示“人群”用復數hiswaycanweenjoythepleasureand______(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernaboutbeingcheated.【答案】convenience【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕nd和之前的pleasure可知，空處用名詞。11.(2023?全國卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe______(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.【答案】introduction【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】根據冠詞the和介詞of可知用名詞。12.(2023?全國卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher______(educate).【答案】education【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹啃稳菰~性物主代詞后用名詞。13.(2023?全國卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral______(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.【答案】invitations【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縮everal修飾可數名詞的復數。14.(2023?浙江)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall______(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.【答案】carrots【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕涨暗腶handfulof及carrot為可數名詞可知，此處應該用名詞的復數形式。15.(2023?全國卷Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof______(achieve).【答案】achievement【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】“asenseof+名詞”一種…感。綜合練2（名詞）itevaluateshowwellyoucombineyourlistening,reading,speakingandwriting______(skill)toperformacademictasks.【答案】skills【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縮kill“技能”為可數名詞，空前無表示單數概念的詞，故用其復數形式skills。ofthesehadbenefitedfromthegovernment'sspecialnewpoliciesencouragingpeopletostarttheirown______(business).【答案】businesses【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】business表示“企業(yè)”時為可數名詞，由their可知用復數。schoolswillhavetomake______(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.【答案】adjustment【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】此處作make的賓語，應用名詞形式。instructorkeptrepeatingthe______(word),“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”【答案】words【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】根據后面的“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”可知用word的復數形式words。oftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2023thatshowedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall______(cause).【答案】causes【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹坑蒩ll可知用cause的復數。telescopehashelpedustounderstandmoreaboutthe______(evolve)oftheuniverse.【答案】evolution【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹课挥赼bout后作賓語，再根據空前的the可知用名詞。greatChinesescholarConfuciusinfluencedthe______(develop)ofchopsticks.【答案】development【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹靠仗幾髻e語，再根據空前的the可知用名詞。wasa______(relieve)tobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.【答案】relief【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕谠~a可知用名詞。'swellawareofherstrengthsand______(weak)asanartist.【答案】weaknesses【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕nd前的strengths和并列連詞and可知用weaknesses。wantmychildrentodevelopan______(appreciate)ofliterature.【答案】appreciation【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】根據冠詞an可知用名詞單數。makestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir______(able)to"aircondition"ahouse.【答案】ability【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縯heir后用名詞。hundredsofattractions,Beijingisacitywhichmakesalasting______(impress)onitsvisitors.【答案】impression【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕可知用名詞單數。WHOhasstatedthatofthe56.5million______(die)peryeararoundtheworld,over50percentarecausedbydiseasescloselyassociatedwithunhealthydietandlackofexercise.【答案】deaths【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】數詞后用名詞。space______(explore)notonlyhasthepotentialtoexpandhumanknowledgeoftheuniversebutalsoextendsthecooperationofmajorpowersinthepeacefuluseofspace.【答案】exploration【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹孔鱟onducting的邏輯賓語，用名詞。numberofChina'stechnological______(advance)haveappearedintheworld.【答案】advances【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】考查“anumberof+可數名詞的復數”。綜合練3（名詞）Britishhavemany______(tradition)butthereisnothingmorequintessential(典型的)thantakingafternoontea.【答案】traditions【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】由many可知用可數名詞復數。,Ithinkteachersandparentsshouldtake______(measure)tolimittheirchildren'sInternettime.【答案】measures【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹靠疾槎陶Ztakemeasurestodosth.“采取措施做某事”。isn'tthefirsttimetechnologyhaschangedour______(manner).【答案】manners【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】由our可知用manner的復數形式manners。nurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew______(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum.【答案】days【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹靠疾槎陶Zeveryfewdays“每隔幾天”。somepartsofChina,ifhalfofthefishiseatenup,aguestshouldn'tturnthefishoverbysaying"fan",whichistheChinesecharacterfor"turnover"andisconsideredbadluckfor______(fisherman)andtheirboats.【答案】fishermen【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹扛鶕竺娴膖heir可知用復數fishermen。hutongisanancientcitystreettypicallyinBeijing,manyofwhichwerebuiltduringtheYuan,MingandQing______(dynasty).【答案】dynasties【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹恐冈?、明、清三個朝代，故用復數dynasties。oftheeffective______(way)tobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.【答案】ways【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】考查名詞的復數。由oneof可知后面的名詞用復數。popularTVprogramChineseCharacterDictationContesthasbroughtpeople's______(attentive)backtowrittenChinese.【答案】attention【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹棵~所有格后用名詞。thetemplefairs,youcanenjoyfolk______(perform),andeventraditionalweddingceremonies.【答案】performances【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹靠疾槊~作賓語。carsmaysoonbecomea______(real).UberhasaskedanexpertfromNASAtohelpthecompanydevelopcarsthatcanfly.【答案】reality【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹坑蒩可知用可數名詞單數。wasonceacityofbikes,wherecarswerereservedforofficialbusiness.However,decadesofeconomic______(grow)ledtoalargenumberofcarsinthecity.【答案】growth【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹棵~作主語。governmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewaterquality.Thisswitchhasdecreased______(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.【答案】pollution【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹棵~作賓語。thepoor______(serve)ofthehotel,themanagerisreluctanttoinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.【答案】service【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹啃稳菰~修飾名詞。hasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop______(attract).【答案】attraction【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹坑蒳ts可知用名詞。綜合練4（冠詞）1.(2023?全國卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat______topofherlungs.【答案】the【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縜tthetopof在……的頂部。2.(2023?全國卷I)As______result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縜saresult結果。3.(2023?全國卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover______top.【答案】the【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縪verthetop在頂部。4.(2023?全國卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas______modelinNewYork.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹勘眍悇e，用不定冠詞。5.(2023?全國卷I)Istillrememberhowhard______firstdaywas.【答案】the【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹啃驍翟~前用定冠詞the。6.(2023浙江)ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas______wonder.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縜wonder一個奇跡。manythingsinlife,it's______ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement.【答案】an【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】表示數量“一”，用不定冠詞，an用于讀音以元音音素開頭的單詞前。8.(2023?全國卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemabout______hourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.【答案】an【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹勘硎緮盗俊耙弧?，用不定冠詞，an用于讀音以元音音素開頭的單詞前。9.(2023?全國卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor______while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縡orawhile一會兒。10.(2023?浙江)Everytimehearrivedhomeat______endoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.【答案】the【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縜ttheendoftheday在一天結束時。11.(2023?全國卷I)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,______otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.【答案】the【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】one….theother...一個……另一個……。12.(2023?全國卷Ⅱ)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleabout______world.【答案】the【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縯heworld世界，世界上獨一無二的事物前用定冠詞the。13.(2023?浙江)Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversin______hurryinthemorning.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縤nahurry匆忙。onewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuch______distinguishedwriter.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹俊皊uch+a+形容詞+單數可數名詞”為固定搭配。is______greathonourformetotakepartinthevolunteerwork,andIlearnthesignificanceofhelpingothers.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹縜greathonour莫大的榮幸。綜合練5（冠詞）schoolwecantake______schoolbustogohome,whichisveryexcitingaswecantalkwitheachother.【答案】the【分析】本題考查語法填空。【解答】taketheschoolbus乘坐校車。lastthingformewastogoon______helicopterride.【答案】a【分析】本題考查語法填空?！窘獯稹勘硎痉褐?，用不定冠詞。acounterwenoticedthat______foreignerwastalkingtoaclerk,buttheclerkdidn'tunderstandw