語(yǔ)法專題課程第

4

講名詞性從句定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses).名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)從句

Theyalsolightlampsandplaymusicbecausetheythink

thatthiswillleadtheancestorsbacktoearth.點(diǎn)燈2.Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looks

asthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句3.Itwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwas

waitingforLiFangtoleave–hewipedthetables,then

satdownandturnedontheTV-justwhatLiFang

needed!主語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句4.MayIaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestaurantthe

otherday?Ithoughtyouwereanewcustomerandnow

Iknowthatyouonlycametospyonmeandmymenu.

賓語(yǔ)從句Itisthesummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesn’tknowwhatheshoulddo.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…accountfor解釋…的原因；是…的原因;

說(shuō)明…的下落；

占；摧毀信不見了，你作何解釋？Howdoyouaccountforthedisappearanceoftheletter?馬航3570一直下落不明MH3570wasneveraccountedfor.出口占他們貿(mào)易量的70%敵方摧毀我方多座防御塔Exportsaccountfor70%oftheirtrade.Theenemyaccountedforanumberofturrets.名詞性從句的連接詞從屬連詞thatWhether/ifAsif/though只用于表語(yǔ)從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成分名詞性從句的連接詞連接代詞What/who/whichWhom/whoseWhichever/whatever/whoever既起連接作用本身又充當(dāng)成分名詞性從句的連接詞連接副詞When/why/whereHow/howmany/howmuch既起連接作用本身又充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇三步驟步驟一：如果從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，或者賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)、

定語(yǔ)，則考慮用連接代詞。步驟二：如果從句中既不缺少主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)也不缺少

表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，但缺少一定意義的狀語(yǔ)，則考

慮用連接副詞。步驟三：如果從句中既不缺少主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定

語(yǔ)，也不缺少狀語(yǔ)，則考慮用從屬連詞。關(guān)于that的省略主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句中that不能省略ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntoall.Theproblemis

thatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.ThefactthattherearestillmanypeoplesufferingfrompovertyisreallyagreatproblemtotheChinesegovernment.在賓語(yǔ)從句中that不能省略的幾種情況1.做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略2.由it做形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略Iknownothingaboutmyneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkabroad.Weallconsiderit

importantthateverystudent(should)betreatedproperly.3.句子含有多個(gè)并列句時(shí)，不能省略4.賓語(yǔ)從句被隔開時(shí)不能省略5.如果名詞性從句中又含有從句，不能省略Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Ineverdoubt,underanycircumstance,thathewillstudyhard.Keepinmindthatifyouwantotherstorespectyou,youmustrespectothersfirst.It作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.去掉該結(jié)構(gòu)后，句子成分完整。Itwasapitythatyoushouldn’tgotoseethefilm.在句子中做主語(yǔ)成分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句主語(yǔ)從句Whatever/whichever/whoever引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別Whatever是what的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式表示

“

無(wú)論什么

”

相當(dāng)于

anythingthat…breatheinbreatheoutWhatever/Anythingthatshedoesiswrong.2.Whoever是who的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，表示“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，相當(dāng)于

anyonewho…Whoever/Anyonewhowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.3.Whichever“無(wú)論哪個(gè)；無(wú)論哪些”；既指人又指物，可修

飾名詞與of連用Whicheverbookyouborrowdoesn’tmattertome.Whicheverofusfulfillshistaskwilllendahandtoothers.Nomatter+wh-&wh-ever區(qū)別在名詞性從句當(dāng)中只能用wh~,在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句兩者可以互換.Hewillbelievewhateverotherssay.(劃線部分部分為名詞性從句，不能互換)Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.(劃線部分為狀語(yǔ)從句，可以互換)Whoeverwalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.

(不可互換)Whether&if區(qū)別原則：能用if的情況都能用whether表“是否”在表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)(置于句首時(shí))從句時(shí)只用whether表

“是否”

Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.Ihavenoideawhetherweshouldgototheparty.Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifhewillcomehere.2.形容詞；介詞；discuss后的賓語(yǔ)從句中只用

whether表

“是否”

Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.Thestudentsarediscussingwhether