2022年教師資格之中學(xué)英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力模擬考試試卷B卷含答案單選題（共50題）1、Teachingactivitiesmustbebasedonthestudents'cognitivedevelopmentlevelandtheexistingexperiencedknowledge,thus,students'personalknowledge,students'A.gameactivitiesB.labouractivitiesC.attitudesD.directexperience【答案】D2、請閱讀短文。A.Peopledon'tpayattentiontotheirhealthB.FewpeoplearewillingtosupporttravelmedicineC.MosttravellersfirmlybelievethattheywillbesafeD.Healthcomeslastcomparedwithothers【答案】B3、Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisnotexhibitedbythedeductivemethod?A.ItsavestimeB.ItpaysmoreattentiontoformC.ItteachesgrammarinadecontextualizedD.Itencouragesstudentstoworkoutthegrammaticalwayrules【答案】D4、Itisgenerallyagreedthatthefirsttruecitiesappearedabout5,000yearsagointhefood-producingcommunitiesoftheMiddleEast．ThecitiesofSumeria,EgyptandtheIndusValleypossessedanumberofcharacteristicsthatdistinguishedthemastrulyurban．Thecitieswereverymuchlargerandmoredenselypopulatedthananyprevioussettlement,andtheirfunctionwasclearlydifferentiatedfromthatofthesurroundingvillages．InthecitiestheoldpatternsofkinshiprelationswerereplacedbyacomplexhierarchyofsocialclassesbasedonthespecializationofA.AlocalrestaurantB.AtownhallC.AlocaltheatreD.Anopenmarket【答案】D5、Whatteachingmethodisusedbytheteacherifmuchofhis/herclasstimeisspentondrillingsentencepatternsfollowedbyexerciseslikerepetition,memorization,mimicry,etc?A.TheNaturalApproachB.TheCommunicativeApproachC.TheAudio-lingualMethoD.TheGrammar-translationMethod【答案】C6、Homonymsaregenerallywordsdifferentin_________．A.soundB.spellingC.formD.meaning【答案】D7、Passage1A.RadicalB.OpposedC.SupportiveD.Paradoxical【答案】C8、Forwhatever____,don’tbelateagain,orourworkwillbelaggingfarbehindothers.A.anyreasonsB.areasonC.reasonD.thereason【答案】C9、Whichofthefollowingisemployedbyaspeakerwhoaddressesseniorpeopleas“theelderly”ratherthan“theold”?A.SocialdialectB.TabooC.LinguafrancaD.Euphemism【答案】D10、WhatarethemostimportantpartsofalessonplanA.TextbooksandclassroomaidsB.AnticipationofproblemsandflexibilityindealingwiththemC.ObjectivesofthelessonandprocedurestoachievethemD.Summaryandhomework【答案】C11、_______yourvaluablehelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheexperimentaheadoftime.A.IfitwerenotforB.HaditnotbeenforC.WereitnotforD.Ifithasnotbeenfor【答案】B12、Thepolicehaveofferedalarge__________forinformationleadingtotherobber'sarrest.A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.reward【答案】D13、Whatwouldyousaytothehotelreceptionisttogetadoubleroom?__________A.RentusadoubleroomB.BookusadoubleroomC.We'dliketohaveadoubleroomD.Let'shaveadoubleroom【答案】C14、Passage2A.TheyencouragethefarmerstoproducegeneticallymodifiedproductsB.TheyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemselvesforseedsC.TheystronglysupportthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedproductsD.Theyencouragethefarmerstoupgradetheirfarmstobiggerones【答案】B15、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor“correct”linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe_____.?A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguistiC.CdescriptiveD.psycholinguistiC【答案】C16、Toteachstudentswritingeffectively,teachersmayguidestudentsthroughthewritingprocessasfollows:A.①④③⑤⑥②B.④③⑤①⑥②C.④①⑤③⑥②D.③①④⑥⑤②【答案】C17、TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.A.MedicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetitionB.ProminentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschoolsC.MedicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrityD.Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool【答案】C18、Theyhavelaunchedagreat__________topushthegovernmenttosentencethearrestedterroriststodeathsincethelastterroristattack.A.campaignB.revolutionC.competitionD.advertisement【答案】A19、Inalisteningclass,theteacherasksstudentstowriteabroadoutlineaccordingtotheirnoteswhicharemadeduringlistening.Whichstagedoesthisactivitybelongto?A.Pre-listeningB.While-listeningC.Post-listeningD.Practice【答案】C20、Fromtheprospectiveoftraditionalapproachofsyntax,nounhasthecategoriesofnumber,genderand__________.A.aspectB.caseC.tenseD.voice【答案】B21、Ourlifehasbutashort__________．A.durationB.spanC.episodeD.range【答案】B22、請閱讀Passage1，完成第小題。A.MedicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetitionB.ProminentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschoolsC.MedicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrityD.Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool【答案】C23、Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisnotinvolvedingoodtextbooks?A.TextbooksshouldhelpstudentsfeelateaseB.TextbooksshouldhelpstudentsdevelopconfidenceC.Textbooksshouldmaximizestudents'learningpotentialD.Textbooksshouldcaterforstudents'samelearningstyles【答案】D24、請閱讀Passage2，完成第小題。A.ClosetisalwaysthemetaphorofhomosexualityB.TheoriginalmeaningofthephraseistherevealingofhomosexualityC.ThephrasewasborrowedfromtheworldofdebutanteballsD.Thephrase"comingout"onlyreferstocomingoutofhiding【答案】C25、Asexpected,theboywhoshowsgreat_______inplayingbadmintonhasbeenadmittedtothesportuniversityforhistalent.A.requestB.respectC.additionD.promise【答案】D26、IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalfhournap______me.A.reviveDB.releaseDC.relieveDD.recovereD【答案】A27、Catshavethewidesthearingrangeofnearlyanymammal”notonlycantheyperceivesoundinwhatwedefineasthe“ultrasonic”range,theycanalsoappreciateallthebassDrDrecanthrowatthem.Theycanswiveltheirwhiskersforwardswhilehuntingtoprovideakindofshort-rangeradar.Andtheycanseeexceptionallywellinthedarkthankstoareflectivesurfacebehindtheretinathatbounceslightback,givingitasecondchancetohitaphotoreceptor.Theyseemoredistinctimagespersecondthanwedo.A.Doingcat-psychologyexperimentsB.Decodingplayingkittens’tail-languageC.DiscoveringwhycatscanclassifyshapesD.Investigatingwhycatsgocrazyforcatnip【答案】B28、請閱讀Passage2，完成第小題。A.suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequencesB.forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptiveC.ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasudden,hemustbeveryadaptiveD.forgettingisanindicationofanindividual'sadaptability【答案】A29、ThereisonlyonepalatalconsonantinEnglish；itis____________．A.[w]B.[]C.[j]D.[h]【答案】C30、Shewasnot______impressedbythestoryPaulsharedwithher,forshehadalreadyheardofit.A.intheleastB.atthemostC.leastofallD.forthemost【答案】A31、Therearetwokindsofmotiveforengaginginanyactivity:internalandinstrumental.Ifascientistconductsresearchbecauseshewantstodiscoverimportantfactsabouttheworld,that'saninternalmotive,sincediscoveringfactsisinherentlyrelatedtotheactivityofresearch.Ifsheconductsresearchbecauseshewantstoachievescholarlyrenown,that'saninstrumentalmotive,sincetherelationbetweenfameandresearchisnotsoinherent.Often,peoplehavebothfordoingthings.Whatmixofmotives--internalorinstrumentalorboth--ismostconducivetosuccess?Youmightsupposethatascientistmotivatedbyadesiretodiscoverfactsandbyadesiretoachieverenownwilldobetterworkthanascientistmotivatedbyjustoneofthosedesires.Surelytwomotivesarebetterthanone.ButasweandourcolleaguesargueinapapernewlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,instrumentalmotivesarenotalwaysanassetandcanactuallybecounterproductivetosuccess.Weanalyzeddatadrawnfrom11320cadetsinnineenteringclassesattheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPoint,allofwhomratedhowmucheachofasetofmotivesinfluencedtheirdecisiontoattendtheacademy.ThemotivesincludedthingslikeadesiretogetagoodjoblaterinlifeandadesiretobetrainedasaleaderintheUnitedStatesArmyA.ToservethecountryB.ToreceivecareertrainingC.ToearnmoneyforcollegeD.Tobroadentheirscopeofvision【答案】A32、Thesoundof"ch"in"teacher"is（）.A.voiceless,post-alveolar,andaffricativeB.voiceless,dental,andfricativeC.voiced,dental,andfricativeD.voiced,post-alveolar,andplosive【答案】A33、請閱讀Passagel。完成第小題。A.HemeantthathewasconfidentabouttheresultofthevoteB.Hemeantthatthevoters'decisionwascrucialtohisfutureC.HemeantthathehadtoattendacommunitycollegeifthevoterssaidNOD.HemeantthathemighthavetoleavethecountryifthevoterssaidNO【答案】B34、Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t],[d],[s],[n]sharethefeatureof__________.A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental【答案】B35、Inwhichofthefollowingsituationsistheteacherplayingtheroleofobserver?A.GivingfeedbackanddealingwitherrorsB.OrganizingstudentstodoactivitiesbygivinginstructionsC.WalkingaroundtoseehoweachstudentperformsingroupworkD.Offeringhelptothosewhoneeditbothinideasandlanguage【答案】C36、Passage1A.mice'sinbornterrorofcatsB.theevolutionofToxoplasmaC.anewstudyabouttheeffectsofaparasiteonmiceD.aharmfulparasitecalledToxoplasmagondii【答案】C37、Passage1A.DefiniteB.RepetitiveC.EchoingD.Impressive【答案】A38、What'sthestartingpointanddestinationofEnglishcourse?A.knowledgeimpartationB.students'developmentC.languageusageD.habitformation【答案】B39、Passage2A.contaminationoftheenvironmentbygeneticallymodifiedcropsB.Brazil'sstandingintheinternationalmarketC.theOctoberpresidentialelectionD.thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms【答案】D40、Firsttherewerehammersbanging．Thenpaintbrushes．Thencarpet．Soonwehadanewroomabovethegarage．Andmygrandmothermovedin.A.AbettersenseofhimselfandaclosertietohisfamilyB.RicherknowledgeabouthisrelativesandneighborhoodsC.ParentalloveandsupportwheneverandwhereverheneedsD.Familyconversationsatthedinnertableaboutinterestingissues【答案】A41、Apersonneedstoknowwhohe/sheisbeforebeingabletoknowwhat_________makeshimorherhappy.A.isitthatB.itisthatC.isitwhichD.itiswhich【答案】B42、Whichofthefollowingpairsofwordsaregradableantonyms?A.BuyandsellB.BigandsmallC.MaleandfemaleD.Redandgreen【答案】B43、請閱讀Passage2。完成第小題。A.TheywereinterestedinthechurchesandmuseumsthereB.Istanbul'sstreetlifeisfascinatingtotheirteenageboysC.ThiscitycouldhelpbroadentheirvisionwithnewexperiencesD.ThecityisnotlistedasatroublespotbytheU.S.StateDepartment【答案】C44、WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistallestbridgeintheworldwonworldwideaccolades.Germannewspapersdescribedhowit“floatedabovetheclouds”with“eleganceandlightness”and“breathtaking”beauty.InFrance,paperspraisedthe“immense”“concretegiant.”WasitmerecoincidencethattheGermanssawbeautywheretheFrenchsawheftandpower?LeraBorodiskythinksnot.Inaseriesofcleverexperimentsguidedbypointedquestions,Boroditskyisamassingevidencethat,yes,languageshapesthought.Theeffectispowerfulenough,shesays,that“theprivatementallivesofspeakersofdifferentlanguagesmaydifferdramatically,”notonlywhentheyarethinkinginordertospeak,“butinallmannerofcognitivetasks,”includingbasicsensoryperception.“Evenasmallflukeofgrammar”—thegenderofnouns—“canhaveaneffectonhowpeoplethinkaboutthingsintheworld,”shesays.A.LanguagedoesnotshapethoughtsinanysignificantwayB.Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandthoughtisanage-oldissueC.ThelanguagewespeakdetermineshowwethinkandseetheworldD.Whetherlanguageshapesthoughtneedstobeempiricallysupported【答案】C45、Passage2A.SpanishcultureisinefficientB.nap-takingwillputtheirjobsatriskC.nap-takingisasignoflazinessD.theygetplentyofsleep【答案】C46、Whenateachersays"Next,pleasepayattentiontothetimeofarrivalanddepartureoftheplanesintherecording.",he/sheintendstodevelopstudents'skillof__________.A.predictingB.gettingthegeneralpictureC.distinguishingsoundsD.gettingspecificinformation【答案】D47、請閱讀Passagel。完成第小題。A.ItisimpossibleforthemtogetcollegeeducationB.TheycannotaffordtostudyinMontgomeryCollegeC.TheymustpaymoretuitionthantheirpeerstogethighschooldiplomasD.Theymustpaymoretuitionthantheirpeersatthestate'spubliccolleges【答案】D48、Passage2A.itsfunctioninourdreamsB.themechanismofREMsleepC.therelationofdreamstoemotionsD.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex【答案】C49、Toassesshowwellstudentsareabletoapplywhattheyhavelearnedincompletingagiventask,ateacherwoulduse_______assessment.A.PerformanceB.selfC.CompetenceD.peer【答案】A50、Manystudentsstarteachtermwithanawardcheck,butbythetimebooksarebought,foodispaidfor,andabitofsociallife＿＿,itlooksratheremaciated.A.livesB.livedC.waslivedD.haslived【答案】B大題（共10題）一、下面是針對高一年級學(xué)生的一堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的教學(xué)過程部分。Teachingprocedures:Step1AnalyzethetaskAskstudentstoanalyzetherequirementsoftheexercise.Step2Brainstormingandmapping（1）Fourstudentsinagroup.AskstudentstoreviewthecontentaboutdifficultiesandsolutionsinstudyinSectionAandSectionB.（2）Askstudentstodoasurveyaboutthefollowingquestionsandthengivesomeadvice.①Howoftendoyouexercise?②Howoftendoyoueatvegetables?③Howoftendoyoueatfruit?④Howmanyhoursdoyousleepeverynight?⑤Howoftendoyoudrinkmilk?⑥Howoftendoyoueatjunkfood?【答案】(1)該教師采用了過程寫作法。該課堂教學(xué)的步驟包括了brainstorming，mapping，drafting，revising和proofreading等過程，這些都屬于寫作教學(xué)的過程設(shè)計(jì)。(2)評價(jià)：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：從本節(jié)寫作課可以看出，采用了小組合作的方式，一部分學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)比較好的學(xué)生從審題到收集素材，再到寫作文提綱和起草作文階段都能起到一定的幫助和帶動(dòng)作用。能讓基礎(chǔ)比較差的同學(xué)不放棄英語寫作，還能讓他們知道該寫什么、怎樣寫，什么樣的作文是好作文。對于小組中的其他成員來說，這樣的寫作模式能讓他們在共同的合作探究學(xué)習(xí)中對英語的基本句型和文章的結(jié)構(gòu)布局，再到句子的潤色加工等方面都有不同的收獲。特別是在作文修改和佳作欣賞階段。缺點(diǎn)：①課程缺少導(dǎo)入的過程。學(xué)生沒有做好進(jìn)入課堂的準(zhǔn)備課程就開始了，不利于學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。②任務(wù)直接呈現(xiàn)出來，學(xué)生只能較為被動(dòng)地接受，不能吸引學(xué)生的興趣和提高學(xué)生對于課堂的參與度。③對于寫作格式的教學(xué)和講解過于直接，沒有啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考的過程，同樣也是學(xué)生被動(dòng)地接受。④最后學(xué)生寫完之后，老師沒有給予學(xué)生展示其作品的機(jī)會(huì)，缺乏相應(yīng)的評價(jià)。(3)建議：①加入導(dǎo)入過程。例如，可以讓學(xué)生討論他們的作息時(shí)間或是讓學(xué)生分組討論自己常用的與朋友溝通的方式。②可以先讓學(xué)生討論寫信有什么好處，通過這樣一個(gè)過程，讓學(xué)生明白本課堂的目的，也可以讓學(xué)生有寫作的目的，而不只是單純地為了完成練習(xí)而進(jìn)行被動(dòng)地寫作。③可以讓學(xué)生討論完寫作的好處之后，展示一篇信件，讓學(xué)生通讀整篇信，并理解信件的主要內(nèi)容和信件的格式及結(jié)構(gòu)，最后老師再帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生一起總結(jié)。這樣可以讓學(xué)生通過自主學(xué)習(xí)的方式了解信件的格式和基本結(jié)構(gòu)，并且能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生思考。④在學(xué)生寫完之后，老師在征得學(xué)生允許的情況下，挑出1-2篇進(jìn)行展示，并對信件的格式、結(jié)構(gòu)等予以鼓勵(lì)為原則的評價(jià)。二、下列教學(xué)片段選自某高中課堂實(shí)錄，閱讀后回答問題：T:Ok!Next,let'sreadthetextandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph.Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph.(5minuteslater)T:Now,whocanshowustheanswer?S1:B,A,C,F,E.T:Youareclever,but,doyouhaveanyotherideasforParagraph3?SI:Ohsorry,It'sD.T:Excellent!Nowwehaveknownthemainmeaningofeachparagraph.Thistimelet'sreadeachparagraphcarefully.Then,makeagroupdiscussionandtrytofillintheform.10minutesplease.(10minuteslater.)T:Timeisup.Whichgroupwantstoshowyourformtous?Ok,Group1.S2:...【答案】(1)從三維目標(biāo)上分析教學(xué)目標(biāo)：知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠知道文章的主要內(nèi)容．以及文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息。能力目標(biāo)：通過泛讀和精讀兩個(gè)任務(wù)的分層訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生的閱讀能力有所提升，能掌握訓(xùn)讀的閱讀策。情感態(tài)度目標(biāo)：通過小組活動(dòng)，學(xué)生能夠提高合作意識，體驗(yàn)合作學(xué)習(xí)的快樂。(2)該教學(xué)片段屬于閱讀教學(xué)中的新課講授環(huán)節(jié)。在本環(huán)節(jié)中．教師安排了初讀感知和精細(xì)研讀兩個(gè)部分的閱讀訓(xùn)練，層層深入地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極探索新知，通過具體任務(wù)的設(shè)置訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生的閱讀能力，使學(xué)生掌握了尋讀的閱讀策。在教學(xué)中運(yùn)用了小組合作的學(xué)習(xí)方式，提高了學(xué)生的口語表達(dá)能力，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和合作意識。(3)該教師采用的反饋方式是口頭反饋、啟發(fā)學(xué)生自己改錯(cuò)的方式。在外語教學(xué)中，教師不應(yīng)該像監(jiān)控器一樣監(jiān)控學(xué)生的語言輸出。教學(xué)的最終目的是要促進(jìn)遷移發(fā)生，也就是說，要啟發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用自己已經(jīng)掌握的知識對自己的交際進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，自己改正錯(cuò)誤。所以，該教師的做法啟發(fā)了學(xué)生的思維，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并改正，從而能更好地提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率，達(dá)到語言訓(xùn)練的目的。同時(shí)，該教師的反饋具有激勵(lì)性，學(xué)生回答出錯(cuò)是很正常的情況，教師對此給予積極的鼓勵(lì)會(huì)幫助學(xué)生樹立學(xué)習(xí)的自信心，培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。三、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。簡述寫作教學(xué)中“范文”的作用，并說明范文在教學(xué)中的使用步驟及每個(gè)步驟的教學(xué)目標(biāo)?！敬鸢浮?1)范文對于英語寫作主要有以下三方面的作用：①范文能夠說明所用體裁的特點(diǎn)：②范文是說明英語語篇銜接手段如何使用的最好語境；③范文能夠開闊學(xué)生的思路。(2)范文在教學(xué)中的使用步驟及每個(gè)步驟的教學(xué)目標(biāo)：①利用范文進(jìn)行謀篇布局。師生要能夠在范文的結(jié)構(gòu)和語言方面進(jìn)行討論，并弄清楚兩個(gè)問題：a．這類文章結(jié)構(gòu)和語言如何為文章的交際目的服務(wù)；b．還有哪些別的可能的結(jié)構(gòu)和語言上的變化。只有這樣，學(xué)生才能最大限度地利用范文來指導(dǎo)寫作而不受范文的限制，才有可能避免全班學(xué)生千篇一律的現(xiàn)象。(目標(biāo))②利用范文達(dá)到連貫的效果。該步驟的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是使學(xué)習(xí)者在寫作中避免出現(xiàn)連接語使用不夠的現(xiàn)象，造成文章的邏輯跳躍性很大．理解起來比較困難。也有相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生主觀上想盡量多用連接語，以加強(qiáng)句子之間的銜接，但結(jié)果是連接語過分堆積，不僅不能增強(qiáng)語義方面的銜接力，反而往往會(huì)增加冗余信息，甚至造成語義上的邏輯混亂。這種現(xiàn)象也是寫作教學(xué)應(yīng)盡量避免的內(nèi)容。(目標(biāo))⑧利用范文開闊學(xué)生的寫作思路。這一階段的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生積極思考的習(xí)慣，使學(xué)生能夠開闊自己的思路，這是影響學(xué)生寫作的關(guān)鍵因素。四、下列教學(xué)片段選自兩位英語教師的課堂實(shí)錄。片段一：T:Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning？S:Ihaveabottleofmilk,aneggandtwocakes.？T..Oh,youshouldsay"Ihadabottleofmilk..."Readafterme,please.？片段二：T:Whatdidyoudoyesterday？S:Igotoseeafriendofmineyesterday.？T:Oh,yes.Youwenttoseeafriendofyoursyesterday.？請分析并回答下列問題：（1）學(xué)生在對話中的語言錯(cuò)誤是哪種錯(cuò)誤？（6分）（2）請就兩位教師的糾錯(cuò)方式進(jìn)行評價(jià)。（12分）（3）教師還可以采用哪些方式糾錯(cuò)，并舉例說明（至少三種糾錯(cuò)方式）。（12分）【答案】（1）學(xué)生犯的語言錯(cuò)誤是語法中的時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。（2）片段一中的教師采用了直接糾錯(cuò)的方法。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤立即打斷學(xué)生的語言訓(xùn)練或?qū)嵺`活動(dòng)，對其錯(cuò)誤予以正面糾正。這種糾錯(cuò)方式常用于旨在讓學(xué)生掌握正確的語言形式而非流利性的練習(xí)中。這種方式可能會(huì)讓學(xué)生感到緊張，不敢大膽、自主地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。片段二中的教師采用了間接糾錯(cuò)的方法。當(dāng)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)語言錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，教師不是直接予以糾正，而是通過將正確的語言形式用于教師自己說出的句子中，以引起學(xué)生的注意，間接地提醒學(xué)生運(yùn)用正確的語言形式。這樣既糾正了學(xué)生的語法錯(cuò)誤，保證學(xué)生順利地進(jìn)行口頭敘述，又保護(hù)了學(xué)生的自尊心。（3）①重述法（Recasts）。教師對學(xué)生語言表達(dá)中的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行含蓄糾正。該方法以學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)為基礎(chǔ)，教師可以對部分成分進(jìn)行修正，并保持原表達(dá)的意思不變。對于糾正學(xué)生口語中的語法錯(cuò)誤比較有效。如：S:HeiswatchTV.T:HeiswatchTVLiMingiswatchingafootballgameonTV.S:HeiswatchingTV.T:Right!②強(qiáng)調(diào)法（Pinpointing）。教師重復(fù)學(xué)生的話，有意重讀并拖長出錯(cuò)部分的發(fā)音或用升調(diào)以示特別強(qiáng)調(diào)。這種方法常用于學(xué)生的自我糾錯(cuò)。這樣既能糾正學(xué)生的口語錯(cuò)誤，保證學(xué)生順利進(jìn)行口頭敘述，又能顧及學(xué)生的自尊心，有利于提高他們參與口語活動(dòng)的積極性。如：T:WhatdidyoudolastweekendS:Igotoclimbmountainswithmyparents.T:YouGOtoclimbmountainsS:Oh,Iwenttoclimbmountainswithmyparents.③重復(fù)法（Repetition）。教師發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的語言錯(cuò)誤后，可以要求學(xué)生重新回答，并使用“oncemore．／Pardon”等對學(xué)生加以引導(dǎo)。如：五、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。教師課堂中糾錯(cuò)的意義及策略有哪些?【答案】(1)意義：糾錯(cuò)是指教師在英語教學(xué)過程中，對學(xué)生的聽說讀寫譯等實(shí)踐活動(dòng)所出現(xiàn)的各種問題，如語音、拼寫、詞匯、句型、語法、語篇以及不符合西方文化習(xí)俗的言行等給予指導(dǎo)幫助的一種方式。正確巧妙的糾錯(cuò)，不僅能讓學(xué)生正確使用語言，對所犯的錯(cuò)誤有正確理性的認(rèn)識，正視自己學(xué)習(xí)中的不足，同時(shí)能對學(xué)生形成良好的語言學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，提高表達(dá)能力起到積極的作用。(2)策略：這不僅與課堂教學(xué)期待的目標(biāo)相關(guān)，而且與課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)類型相關(guān)。如果教師期待的活動(dòng)結(jié)果是學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中或活動(dòng)后能流暢地用英語表達(dá)思想，教師就不應(yīng)該有錯(cuò)必糾，而應(yīng)該在學(xué)生完整表達(dá)思想之后再糾正錯(cuò)誤。如果老師過多地介入學(xué)生“說”的過程，勢必會(huì)影響學(xué)生流暢地用英語來表達(dá)。反之，如果教師期待學(xué)生在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中要準(zhǔn)確地使用目標(biāo)語，那么及時(shí)糾正錯(cuò)誤就是必須的。六、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。下面是四位英語教師的英語教學(xué)片段：?TeacherAT:Whatdayistoday?S:IsMonday.T:Oh,good.ItisMonday?S:Yes,itisMonday.TeacherBT:Who'sthiswoman?S:Heis...T:Oh,nothe.Youshoulduseshe.TeacherCT:Whatdidyoudoyesterday?【答案】(1)①TeacherA在面對學(xué)生的語言錯(cuò)誤時(shí)首先給予學(xué)生肯定，然后采用了引導(dǎo)的方式，通過重復(fù)學(xué)生的答案，巧妙引出正確答案，讓學(xué)生自己意識到錯(cuò)誤并自行糾正。②TeacherB則用了直接告知法，首先否定了學(xué)生的答案，然后直接告訴學(xué)生正確的答案，這種方法看似快捷，其實(shí)陷入了過分糾錯(cuò)的誤區(qū)，給學(xué)生帶來了一定的心理壓力。③TeacherC直接忽了學(xué)生的語言錯(cuò)誤，沒有進(jìn)行提醒或糾錯(cuò)，過分寬容的態(tài)度雖可以保護(hù)學(xué)生的自尊心和自信心，但是卻容易造成學(xué)生對知識的錯(cuò)誤理解，不利于學(xué)生語言的發(fā)展。(2)教師D采用了學(xué)生間相互糾錯(cuò)的方法。學(xué)生間相互糾錯(cuò)是指將學(xué)生的書面作業(yè)相互交換，讓他們檢查并找出錯(cuò)誤交給本人改正或直接由檢查人改正的方法。這種交換方法可以在同桌之間或前后排之間進(jìn)行。讓學(xué)生充當(dāng)教師的角色。他們會(huì)有新奇感和自豪感，會(huì)倍加珍惜這種機(jī)會(huì)，認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地去尋找錯(cuò)誤并改正錯(cuò)誤。(3)①容忍錯(cuò)誤，允許犯錯(cuò)。在課堂上，對于在口語中學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的并不妨礙交際意義正常進(jìn)行，不至于影響意思的表達(dá)差錯(cuò)，或在以后的語言中可以自行改正的錯(cuò)誤，教師則不應(yīng)中斷學(xué)生的發(fā)言并給予糾正。②教師在糾錯(cuò)時(shí)要關(guān)注學(xué)生的情感，注重學(xué)生的個(gè)性與特點(diǎn)，重在鼓勵(lì)，防止學(xué)生產(chǎn)生過分的焦慮和挫敗感，更不能諷刺和挖苦學(xué)生，傷害學(xué)生的自尊心和自信心。在課堂教學(xué)中，教師對學(xué)生多表揚(yáng)，少批評；多肯定，少否定。③教師在糾錯(cuò)時(shí)要綜合考慮教學(xué)效果、學(xué)生的語言水平、性格特征情感因素等，做到多種糾錯(cuò)策靈活運(yùn)用。④創(chuàng)造條件，營造環(huán)境，盡力避免錯(cuò)誤。糾錯(cuò)的最好辦法是將可能發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤消滅在錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生之前。教師在備課時(shí)，應(yīng)認(rèn)真鉆研教材內(nèi)容，研究學(xué)生的情況，預(yù)先估計(jì)學(xué)生可能出現(xiàn)的問題或錯(cuò)誤，并在課堂教學(xué)中，對于可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤．直言正確用法，并進(jìn)行反復(fù)操練。七、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。請閱讀下面一份學(xué)生的書面表達(dá)以及教師的評語，并回答問題。Hi，Suzanne，?Firstofall，welcometoChina．Infact，manystudentshavethesameproblemlikeyou．As?matteroffact，it?doesn’t?asdifficultasyouthink．Butways?aregreat?importance．Herearesometips：?Firstly，reviewyourlessonsSOthatitcanhelpyoucatchtheimportantpoints．Alsoreadbooksinadvance．Andputyourheartintoclass，especial?whattheteachersays．?Secondly．don’tbe?afraidmake?mistakes．It’sagoodstudyhabitwhich?playaimportant?role?inlearninglanguage．?Thirdly，trytodosomethinghardandalwaysdiscusssomeproblemswithyourclassmatesinChineseSOthatyoucanlearnChinesefromyourclassmates．?Finally，tobepatient?whenyoustilldopoorlyinChinese．Asyouknow，Romeisn’tbuildinaday．AstimegoesOil，youwill?success?soonerorlater．?IhopethatyoucanmakegreatprogressinChinese．Goodluck!Yours，?XiaoYu?教師的評語：結(jié)構(gòu)合理，層次清晰。過渡詞用得很好，使用了較復(fù)雜的句式為文章增色了許多。但畫線地方有誤，請改正。(1)該教師對學(xué)生作文的錯(cuò)誤地方畫線有何作用?(8分)【答案】(1)教師對學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤地方畫線，是一種讓學(xué)生修改其錯(cuò)誤的提示性標(biāo)記。材料中教師在錯(cuò)誤處畫線，有助于學(xué)生在自我更正的過程中積極地思考出錯(cuò)的原因，從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。同時(shí)，學(xué)生能夠?qū)λ鶎W(xué)知識進(jìn)行查漏補(bǔ)缺．可以認(rèn)識到自己還沒有完全掌握哪些知識點(diǎn)或哪些語言規(guī)則掌握得不準(zhǔn)確。學(xué)生可以從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)到知識，及時(shí)彌補(bǔ)知識的殘缺。(2)該教師在批改此學(xué)生的作文時(shí)，能夠認(rèn)真閱讀并指出錯(cuò)誤之處，并希望學(xué)生自行改正，是教師批改的一大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但該教師沒有區(qū)分錯(cuò)誤的類型，對于出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤不加區(qū)分一律畫線，是其批改中出現(xiàn)的不當(dāng)之處。有的學(xué)生可以領(lǐng)悟出來，如beafraidmakemistakes，playaimportant等。此類錯(cuò)誤不必多加解釋，經(jīng)過提示，學(xué)生可以自行解決。但例如Asamatteroffact，學(xué)生很難發(fā)現(xiàn)其出錯(cuò)原因是前面用了infact，造成重復(fù)現(xiàn)象。還有tobepatientwhenyoustilldopoorlyinChinese，學(xué)生很可能搞不懂錯(cuò)在哪里。這時(shí)，教師應(yīng)給出詳細(xì)解釋，確保學(xué)生理解錯(cuò)誤原因。因此，對學(xué)生書面表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤的處理方式應(yīng)有別于口語中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤處理方式。從某種程度上說．書面表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤的處理應(yīng)更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，要求學(xué)生充分運(yùn)用所掌握的語言知識來監(jiān)察和修改語言輸出，少出或不出語言形式方面的錯(cuò)誤。(3)教師如果在教學(xué)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生普遍存在某一類的言語錯(cuò)誤，此類現(xiàn)象可以看作對課堂教學(xué)是否高效的一種反饋。教師可以通過對普遍性錯(cuò)誤的分析，找出教學(xué)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，從而針對學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況，及時(shí)優(yōu)化教學(xué)內(nèi)容，改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法，促進(jìn)教學(xué)質(zhì)量的進(jìn)一步提高。八、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)英語聽說課教學(xué)方案。教案沒有固定格式，但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：teachingobjectivesteachingcontentskeyanddifficultpointsmajorstepsandtimeallocationactivitiesandjustifications教學(xué)時(shí)間：45分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中一年級學(xué)生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))》五級水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：AloneinAntarcticaAt50IwasthefirstwomantotravelalonetotheNorthPole.ButwhatshouldIdotocelebratemy60thbirthday?Whatelse,butajourneyattheoppositeendoftheworld,Antarctica.Ibeganmyalmost400-milejourneyonNovember1st,1997.Iwalkedandskiedalone.Mydogteamwerenotwithmetopullmysled.Anotherjourneyofchallengeanddangerwasabouttobegin.Thefirstdaystheweatherwasverygood.Thewindwasicybutnotverystrongandtherewasbrightsunshine24hoursaday.Butchangeswerejustaroundthecomer.OnthethirddayIwasstrugglingthroughstormyweatherandduringthenextweekthewindgrewstrongerandIfoundmyselfspendingawholedayinmytent.【答案】ClassType:Listeningandspeakingclass,1periodTeachingContents:Apassageaboutafamouswomen--HelenThayer'sjourneyattheSouthPole.TeachingObjectives:(1)KnowledgeobjectiveStudentscanlearnhowtodescribepeopleinEnglishbyusingsomewordsandexpressions,suchas"challenge,optimistic,aroundtheconcern,makeadecision,giveup"..(2)AbilityobjectiveStudentscandevelopabilitiesoflisteningforspecificinformationandgistandspeaking.(3)EmotionalobjectiveStudentscandevelopthespiritofhardwork.TeachingKeyandDifficultPoints:HowtousesomeusefulwordsandexpressionstodescribeapersoninEnglish.TeachingAids:AtapeandacomputerTeachingProcedures:九、下面是某教師的課堂教學(xué)片段：T:Whatdidyourmumdoyesterday,WangLinS:Mymumbuyedthedressforme.T:Oh,thatisnice.Yourm