四川大學(xué)2016年博士研究生英語入學(xué)考試試題考生請(qǐng)注意：本試題共5大題，共11頁，請(qǐng)考生注意檢杏.考試時(shí)間為180分鐘1-70題答案請(qǐng)?zhí)顚懺跈C(jī)讀卡相應(yīng)處，否則不給分。翻譯和作文題答在答題紙上，答在試題上不給分。書寫要求字跡消楚、工整。ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach)Directions:Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneWhenapersonbeginsamediatedorimmediateencounter,healreadystandsinsomekindofsocialrelationshiptotheothersconcerned,andexpectstostandinagivenrelationshiptothemaftertheparticularencounterends.This,ofcourse,isoneofthewaysinwhichsocialcontactsaregearedintothewidersociety.Muchoftheactivityoccurringduringanencountercanbeunderstoodasaneffortoneveryone’sparttogetthroughtheoccasionandalltheunanticipatedandunintentionaleventsthatcancastparticipantsinanundesirablelight,withoutdisruptingtherelationshipsoftheparticipants.Andifrelationshipsareintheprocessofchange，theobjectwillbetobringtheencountertoasatisfactoryclosewithoutalteringtheexpectedcourseofdevelopment.Theperspectivenicelyaccounts,forexample,forthelittleceremoniesofgreetingandfarewellwhichoccurwhenpeoplebeginaconversationalencounterordepartfromone.Greetingsprovideawayofshowingthatarelationshipisstillwhatitwasattheterminationofthepreviousco-participation,and,typically,thatthisrelationshipinvolvessufficientsuppressionofhostilityfortheparticipantstemporarilytodroptheirguardsandtalk.Farewellssumuptheeffectoftheencounterupontherelationshipandshowwhattheparticipantsmayexpectofoneanotherwhentheynextmeet.Theenthusiasmofgreetingscompensatesfortheweakeningoftherelationshipcausedbytheabsencejustterminated,whiletheenthusiasmoffarewellscompensatestherelationshipfortheharmthatisabouttobedonetoitbyseparation.Itseemstobeacharacteristicobligationofmanysocialrelationshipsthateachofthemembersguaranteestosupportagivenfacefortheothermembersingivensituations.Topreventdisruptionoftheserelationships,itisthereforenecessarilyforeachmembertoavoiddestroyingtheothers’face.Atthesametime,itisoftentheperson’ssocialrelationshipwithothersthatleadshimtoparticipateincertainencounterswiththem,whereincidentallyhewillbedependentuponthemforsupportinghisface.Furthermore,inmanyrelationships,thememberscometoshareaface,sothatinthepresenceofthirdpartiesanimproperactonthepartofonememberbecomesasourceofacuteembarrassmenttotheothermembers.Asocialrelationship,then,canbeseenasawayinwhichthepersonismorethanordinarilyforcedtotrusthisself-imageandfacetothetactandgoodconductofothers.1.Thelastwordofthefirstsentence,namely"ends'ismostlikelyB.anoun,meaning“purposes”or“objectives”averb,meaning“comestoafinish”apostpositionaladjective,meaning“finishing”anadjective,meaning“purposeful”Accordingtotheauthor,ifanyunexpecteddifficultiesoccurinasocialcontact,B.therelationshipsbetweentheparticipantsbreakupthosewhoparticipatewillbeinanunintentionaleventallparticipantswouldtrytomaintaintheirrelationships|D]theparticipantswillcertainlygetthroughanactivityWhichofthefollowingisNOTanideaoftheauthor?CTheparticipantshopetheirrelationshipwouldbethesameastheymetlast.Greetingsarejustasimportantasfarewellsinasocialencounter.Beforeeverygreetingthereisalwayssufficienthostilitytosuppress.Iftheirrelationshipchanges,theparticipantswantittochangeastheyhoped.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmeansthat.Aone’sself-imageisdependentonhowothersbehavefaceandself-imagearetwodifferentkindsofrelationshipssocialrelationshipissomethingthatisforcedonallparticipantstogetalongwellwithothersisaprocessofgivingeachotherfaceThebesttitleforthispassagemaywellbe.A[A]FaceandSocialRelationship[B]HowtoConductSocially[C]GreetingsandFarewells[D]ConversationalSociologyPassageTwo（Tips:出現(xiàn)人名字的地方用筆圈出來，數(shù)字用筆圈出來）ThepoetWilliamBlakewroteintheearlynineteenthcentury:“Greatthingsaredonewhenmenandmountainsmeet.”GreatthingsindeedweredoneonMountEverestinMayof1996.Alsopoignantthings,foolishthings,deadlythings：Hundredsofclimbersfromelevendifferentexpeditionswereonthemountainthirty-onenearthesummitwhenafreakishandfierce-somestormblewin.Eightclimbersperished,thehighestone-daydeathtollsincethefirstexpeditiontriedtoreachthetopoftheworld’stallestpeakin1921.Adventurershavealwayssoughtchallenges:deeperjungles,wideroceans,newerworlds.Butmountainshavebeenspecial.Perhapsit’stheirsize,theirpower,theirresistancetoconquest.InPatrickMeyers’splayK2,amaroonedclimberontheHimalayapeakthatgivestheplayitsnamedeliversthisline:“Mountainsaremetaphors.”Andsotheyare.Climberssearchnotjustforsummitsbutalsoforthemselves.Theyreachuptoreachin.ThathelpsexplainwhyEveresthasbeenenvelopedby“MountainMadness，”thenameofaSeattlecompanythatoffersguidedtoursofthepeakforabout$65,000(plusairfaretoNepal).Newtechnologyandequipmenthavealsohelped:lightergear,warmerclothing,betterradiosandtelephones.Andtheadventurecanbeshared,practicallyinrealtime,withInternetbrowsersaroundtheworld.Butthecommunityofhigh-mountainexplorersnowisgrippedbysoul-searchingandsecond-guessing.Everest,afterall,isnotathemepeak.Someofthedeadwereexperiencedguideswholosttheirlivestryingtosavelessagileamateurs.SaidMarkBryant,editorofOutsideMagazines:“Someofushavebeenasking:IsitrightthatanaverageclimbercanorderanascentofEverestoutofacatalog?”AnAustralianmountaineer,TimMcCartney-Snape,toldtheAssociatedPress:“Somethingsshouldremainsacred,andEverestisoneofthem.Eventhestrongestandtoughesthavefounditcanbeextremelydifficultjustexistingatthataltitude,withoutotherpeopledependingonyou.OnEverest,dependencycanleadtoheroismandtotragedy.Onefrostbittenamateur,SeaborneWeathersofDallas,waspluckedfromarockyledgeat22,000feetbyaNepalesearmyhelicopter—anactofincrediblebravery.AndRobHall,aguidewhohadclimbedEverestseveraltimes,stayedonitsslopewithadyingcustomer.Afterlearningtheywerehopelesslytrapped,Hallmanagedtoplaceasatellitetelephonecalltohispregnantwife,Jan,inNewZealand.“Hey,look,”hetoldher,“don’tworryaboutme.”Atthatmoment,HallrememberedHarold,thecharacterinK2whomuses:“Understandinghasnomeaning.Holdingon,justholdingon,thathasmeaning.LikeHarold,heknewthemountainwasstillamountain.Stillagoal.Stilladream.Andhecouldn’tholdon.RobHalldiedbeforerescuerscouldreachhim.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheauthor’spointofview?AmateursshouldnotbeencouragedtoclimbMountEverest.GuidedtoursofMountEveresthavebecomeasourceofenormousprofits.Inthepast,MountEveresthasmadeheroesoutofordinarymenandwomen.[D]MountEverestshouldremainametaphortobetalkedabout.Thesentence“Theyreachuptoreachin”maybebestparaphrasedby“”[A]Toknowtheinherentmeaningofamountain,oneneedstoclimbuptothetop[B]Inconqueringthemountain,onefindsaproofofoneselfMountaineersmustclimbupwardinordertoclimbinsideitOneneedstoclimbuptothetoptoseewhyamountainismetaphoricalAllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT.[A]Mountainclimbingcanhavealivereportsimultaneously[B]Mountaineerscanbelocatedinstantlyduringtheirclimbing[C]Newtechnologysignificantlyreducesrisksanddangersinmountainclimbing{D}ItismoredangeroustohavesomeonedependingonyouduringmountainclimbingInthelastparagraph,Harold’ssaying“Understandinghasnomeaning”meansdeterminationismorevitalthanthinkingpersistenceandactionrequirereasoningoneshouldavoidmisunderstandingthesituationitismeaninglesstothinkinmountaineering10.Mostlikely,theauthorofthispassageis..[A]ahistorian[B]amountaineer[C]atouristguide[D]areporterPassage3TheHertzCorporation,theU.S.AirForce,HyattHotelsCorporation,theCityofDallas,andtheNeiman-MarcusGroup,Inc.,haveonethingincommonallhavepurchasedtheservicesofFeedbackPlus.FeedbackPlusisanagencythatdispatchesprofessionalshopperswhoposeascustomers.These“mystery”shoppersvisittheclient’sbusiness,purchaseproductsorservicesandreportbacktotheclientonthequalityofservicetheyreceive.TheCityofDallashiredFeedbackPlustoseehowcar-poundemployeestreatcitizenspickinguptheircars.TheAirForceisusingprofessionalshopperstoassesscustomerserviceattheiron-basesupplystores.Banks,hospitals,andpublicutilitiesarealsohiringmysteryshoppers.VickieHenry,chiefexecutiveofFeedbackPlus,notesthatmanysimilarfirmscompeteforclient’sbusiness,andservicereallydifferentiatesonefirmfromanother.AlthoughHenryhasadatabaseof8,800peoplewhoserveasprofessionalshoppers,shesometimesassumestheroleofmysteryshopperherself.Duringarecentvisittoanupscalewomen'sapparelstore,sheobservedthetypeofcustomerservicemostcompaniesattempttoavoid.Noneofthemanysalespeopleonthesalesfloorsaidhellowhensheenteredthestore.Whensheremovedaskirtfromaclothingrack,noneofthesalespeopleapproachedher.Finally,severalminutesafterenteringthestore,Henryapproachedasalespersonandaskedtousethedressingroom.Needlesstosay,serviceatthisfirmdidnotreceivehighmarksfromFeedbackPlus.Asorganizationsexperienceincreasedcompetitionforclients,patients,andcustomers,awarenessoftheimportanceofpubliccontactincreases.Theyaregivingnewattentiontotheoldadage“Firstimpressionsarelastingimpressions.”Researchindicatesthatinitialimpressionsdoindeedtendtolinger.Therefore,apositivefirstimpressioncansetthestageforalong-termrelationship.WeareindebtedtoSusanBixler,presidentofProfessionalImage,Inc.,andauthorofProfessionalPresence,forgivingusabetterunderstandingofwhatitmeanstopossessprofessionalpresence.Professionalpresenceisadynamicblendofpoise,self-confidence,controlandstylethatempowersustobeabletocommandrespectinanysituation.Onceacquired,itpermitsustobeperceivedasself-assuredandthoroughlycompetent.Weprojectaconfidencethatotherscanquicklyperceivethefirsttimetheymeetus.Bixlerpointsoutthat,inmostcases,thecredentialswepresentduringajobintervieworwhenwearebeingconsideredforapromotionarenotverydifferentfromthoseofotherpersonsbeingconsidered,[tisoarprofessionalpresencethatpermitsustoriseabovethecrowd.DebraBenton,acareerconsultant,says,“Anybosswithachoiceoftwopeoplewithequalqualificationswillchoosetheonewithstyleaswellassubstance.”Learningtocreateaprofessionalpresenceisoneofthemostvaluableskillswecanacquire.Thedevelopmentofprofessionalpresencebeginswithafullappreciationofthepoweroffirstimpressions.Thetendencytoformimpressionsquicklyatthetimeofaninitialmeetingillustrateswhatsocialpsychologistscallaprimacyeffectinthewaypeopleperceiveoneanother.Thegeneralprincipleisthatfirstimpressionsestablishthementalframeworkwithinwhichapersonisviewed,andlaterevidenceiseitherignoredorreinterpretedtocoincidewiththisframework.ForallofthefollowingwalksoflifeEXCEPTthetheprofessionalpresencehasbeendiscussedinthispassage.[A]economic[B]military[C]academic[D]medicalTheunderlinedword“apparel”inthefirstparagraphmeans““[A]apparatus[B]cosmetics[C]clothing[D]specialtyWhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?Nofirstimpressionswouldeverchangeinthelatercontacts.Howonecomposesoneselfdetermineshowoneisevaluatedbyothers.Socialpsychologyisasciencethatstipulatestheprinciplesforsocialbehaviors.[D]Opportunitiesinjobsorpromotionsareforthosewhodifferfromtheircompetitors.Theunderlinedword:“poise”inthethirdparagraphmeans:[A]propercomportment[B]desirableposition[C]carefulpause[D]positiveassuranceWhichofthefollowingislikelytobethetitleofthisarticle?ThePowerofFirstImpressionThePrimacyEffectinMarketingSocialPsychologyinBusinessTheImportanceofFeedbackPassageFourYoucan’tdriveifyou’reblind,orblinddrunk,butanalarmingnumberofAmericansfindthemselves,atleastoccasionally,drivinginablindrage.“It’samajorsocialissue，”saysDr.RicardoMartinez,administratoroftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.“A3,000-poundcarinthehandsofrude,hostilepersonisalethalweapon.”Areporton“roadrage”tobereleasedthisweekbytheAmericanAutomobilesAssociationconcludedthat“motorists...areincreasinglybeingshot,stabbed,beaten,andrunoverforinanereasons.”Andinanityisnotconfinedtoyoungloutsin“Baywatch”T-shirt:youngmenarebyfarthemostcommonperpetrators,butmiddle-agedmenandwomencanbeequallybigjerks.Themostcommonmanifestationofroadragewasaggressivetailgating,followedbyheadlightflashing,“obscenegestures”,blockingothervehicles,andverbalabuse.Drivershavebeenassaultedwithweaponsrangingfrompartiallyeatenburritostocanes(“afavoritewiththeelderlyanddisabled”)togolfclubsandothervehicles,includingbuses,bulldozers,forklifts,andmilitarytanks.“Intermsoffatalcrashes,drunksareamuchbiggermenace,”saysDavidWillis,presidentoftheAAAFoundationofTrafficSafety.“Buttheaveragemotoristdoesn’tencounteradrunkveryoften,whileinaplacelikeWashington,D.C.,atleastonceaweekyou’llhaveanencounterwithsomecrazyguyontheroad.”Naturally,thephenomenonhasgivenrisetoitsowntherapeuticmovement,whoseleadingpractitionerisaWhittier,California,psychologistnamedArnoldNerenburg.Nerenburg,whocallshimself“America’sRoadRageTherapist”,hasidentifiedfourstimulithatprovokedroadrage.Themostcommonisfeelingendangeredbysomeoneelse’sdrivingforexample,whenanotherdrivercutsyouofforfollowstooclosely.Othersareresentmentatbeingforcedtoslowdown,righteousindignationatsomeonewhobreakstrafficrulesorstealsyourparkingspaceandperhapsthemostdangerous,becauseitopensthedoortoanescalatingexchangeofhostilitiesangeratanotherdriverwhotakeshisownroadrageoutonyou.Thefactthatmostdriversaremutualstrangerscontributestothevolatilityofhighwayconfrontations.“There’sadeeppsychologicalurgetoreleaseaggressionagainstananonymousother,”Nerenburgsays.Road-ragetherapytendstowardthecommon-sensical“Takeadeepbreathandjustletitgo,”Nerenburgrecommends.Butitmighthelptoconsiderthatyoumightnotbeallthatanonymoustotheotherdriver.Oneofhispatientsrealizedthedepthofhisproblemafterheyelledanobscenityatthewomaninthenextcarwhoturnedouttobehisbossswife..Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?MoreandmoreAmericansareusingtheircarstoexpresstheiranger.Oldpeopleandwomenaremilderintemperamentduringdriving.Commonsensemightbethebasisforovercomingroadrage.Ifpeopleknoweachother,roadragewouldnothappen.AccordingtoAmericanAutomobileAssociation,thepeoplearemorelikelythanalltheotherstoberoad-angered.[A]young[B]middle-aged[C]old[D]handicappedWhichofthefollowingisajustifiablecauseforroadrage,accordingtoDr.Nerenburg?Anotherdriverfailstoobserveatrafficlaw.Theparkingspaceisoccupiedbyanothercar.Thelaneistakenbyaslowly-movingcar.Anotherdriverflashesthehead-light.Theunderlinedword“l(fā)ethal”inthefirstparagraphmeans:[A]powerful[B]illegal[C]dangerous[D]deadlyWhatmightbethedeepproblemthatoneofNerenburg’spatientshadrealized?[A]Hefacesalawsuitofsexharassment.Heisindangerofbeingfired.Hewillbefinedbytrafficpolice.Hefallsillandhastoseeadoctor.PassageFiveMostpeople,askediftheycanthinkwithout-speech,wouldprobablyanswer,“Yes,butitisnoteasyformetodoso.StillIknowitcanbedone.”Languageisbutagarment!Butwhatiflanguageisnotsomuchagarmentasapreparedroadorgroove?Itis,indeed,inthehighestdegreelikelythatlanguageisaninstrumentoriginallyputtouseslowerthantheconceptualplaneandthatthoughtarisesasarefinedinterpretationofitscontent.Theproductgrows,inotherwords,withtheinstrumentandthethoughtmaybenomoreconceivable,initsgenesisanddailypractice,withoutspeechthanismathematicalreasoningpracticablewithouttheleverofanappropriatemathematicallysymbolism.Noonebelievesthateventhemostdifficultmathematicalpropositionisinherentlydependentonanarbitrarysetofsymbols,butitisimpossibletosupposethatthehumanmindiscapableofarrivingatorholdingsuchapropositionwithoutthesymbolism.Thewriter,forone,isstronglyoftheopinionthatthefeelingentertainedbysomanythattheycanthink,orevenreason,withoutlanguageisanillusion.Theillusionseemstobeduetoanumberoffactors.Thesimplestoftheseisthefailuretodistinguishbetweenimageryandthought.Asamatteroffact,nosoonerdowetrytoputanimageintoconsciousrelationwithanotherthanwefindourselvesslippingintoasilentflowofwords.Thoughtmaybeanaturaldomainapartfromtheartificialoneofspeech,butspeechwouldseemtotheonlyroadweknowofthatleadstoit.21.Inthefirstline,theunderlinedphrasecanbestbereplacedby[A]mostofthepeople[B]morepeople[C]morethanonepeople[D]manypeopleInline3,theword‘groove”isprobablyclosestinmeaningto[A]latergrowth[B]designatedslot[C]particularpath[D]ready-madeviaductWhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassageagree?ThoughtcameintobeingearlierthanlanguageItislanguagethatmakesconceptualthoughtpossibleThoughtisnodifferentfrommathematicsbecauseitdependsonsymbolism[D]Boththoughtandlanguagearetheinterpretationofpropositions.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?TheimageryisthepreconditionofthoughtThoughthastobeboreinwords.Imageryisanexplanationofwords.Onceweusewords,wemakemistakes.Theideaofthispassageisheldby[A]somepeopleincludingthewriter.thewriterhimselfalonemostpeoplebutthewriteroneofthepeopleotherthanthewriterPassageSixStrikesandstrikebreaking,lockoutsandboycotts,allpitonesideagainsttheotherinlabordisputes.Ultimately,thenegativeeffectsofsuchactionsincludingresentment,fear,anddistrustlingerformonthsoryearsafteradisputehasbeenresolved.Increasingly,moreproductivetechniquessuchasmediationandarbitrationarebeingusedtosettledisagreementsbetweenlaborandmanagement.Eitheronemaycomeintoplaybeforealaborcontractexpiresoraftersomeotherstrategy,suchasastrike,hasprovenineffective.Mediationistheuseofaneutralthirdpartytoassistmanagementandtheunionduringtheirnegotiations.Thisthirdparty(themediator)listenstobothsides,tryingtofindcommongroundforagreement.Themediatoralsotriestoencouragecommunicationbetweenthetwosidestopromotecompromise,andgenerallykeepthenegotiationmoving.Initially,themediatormaymeetprivatelywitheachside.Eventually,however,thegoalistogetthetwosidestosettletheirdifferencesatthebargainingtable.Unlikemediation,thearbitrationstepinvolvesaformalhearing.Justasitmaybethefinalstepinagrievanceprocedure,itmayalsobeusedincontractnegotiationswhenthetwosidescannotagreeononeormoreissues.Atthispoint,thearbitratorhearstheformalpositionsofbothpartiesonoutstanding,unresolvedissues.Thearbitratorthenanalyzesthesepositionsandmakesadecisiononthepossibleresolutionoftheissues.Ifbothsideshaveagreedinadvancethatthearbitrationwillbebinding,thatmeanstheymustacceptthearbitrator’sdecision.Ifmediationandarbitrationareunsuccessful,thenaccordingtotheTaft-HartleyAct,thepresidentoftheUnitedStatescanobtainatemporaryinjunctiontopreventortostopastrikeifitwouldendangernationalhealthorsecurity.Accordingtotheauthor,withthesolutionofalaborcrisis[A]thetensionbetweenlaborandmanagementcancontinuelaborandmanagementdonottrusteachotheranymorethenegativeeffectofactionslikestrikewouldberesolvedalongtimeisneededtobringthedisputetoanendToresolvealabordispute,oneshouldresorttomediationorarbitrationfromthestartmakesurethatthelaborcontractexpirestakeotherstepsbeforegoingtomediationorarbitrationstrikefirstandthenacceptmediationorarbitrationWhichofthefollowingistrueofmediation?Themediatormakesfinaldecisionsaftermeetingwithbothsides.Toavoidbias,themediatorcannotmeeteithersideinadvance.Theprimarytaskistohelpbothsidesbargainwitheachother.Themediatorcanbearepresentativefromeitherthelabororthemanagement.

Thepre-conditionforanarbitrationtobeauthoritativeisthatbothsidesagreeinadvancetoabidebythedecisionmadeaformalhearingmustbeconductedjustlikeinacourttrialthedecisionisfocusedonthemostoutstandingandunresolvedissuesthereisnobargainingallowedbyarbitration，unlikemediationInthelastsentence,theunderlinedword“injunction”mostlikelyrefersto[A]aformaldeclaration[B]asubpoena[C]alawsuitprotocol[D]anofficialorderVIVocabulary(10%;0-5markeach)Dr.NormanBethunecamefromCanadatohelptheChinesepeopleintheirwaragainstJapaneseaggression.[A]intheway[B]alltheway[C]alongtheway[D]bythewayThroughouthistory,hewhoknowstheartofwarusesforceonlyasthelast[A]resort[B]rescue[C]refrain[D]recantAfteracarefulinvestigationandevaluation,thecityhalldecidedtotheoldhouse.[A]dismantle[B]destroy[C]demolish[D]delineateThemonumentwassosmallthatitappearstobemoreforthanformemorial.[A]significance[B]indifference[C]oblivion[D]memoryMillionsofyearsagotheVesuvianvolcanodestroyedPompeii,buttodayitis[A]dormant[B]Pacifying[C]ignited[D]picturedBecausehumanshavetotalkaboutthelimitlessworldbymeansoflimitedlanguagesounds,thereisagreatbetweentheworldandlanguage.[A]apathy[B]anomaly[C]asymmetry[D]agnosticismIfanorganismisquitesuccessfulingettingusedwiththeenvironmentthatisnewtoit,wesaythattheorganismisvery[A]agile[B]adjustable[C]adoptive[D]adaptive

[A]agile[B]adjustable[C]adoptive[D]adaptiveWhenwedoPlanning,weShouldtakea11relevantfactorsintoconsiderationinordertoasmuchaspossiblethedifficultcasesorevenfailures.[A]forestall[B]forerun[C]foretell[D]forecastisthepracticeofputtingyourselfinapositionofanotherpersoninordertounderstandhis/herfeelings.[A]affectionate[C]pathology[A]affectionate[C]pathology[B]empathy[D]affiliationInschoolsanduniversities,somecoursesarecompulsory,whichonehastotake,whiletheothersare(),eitherfreelyofasrequired.[A]optimal[B]opaque[C]optical[D]optional)one'sresume,Whenoneappliesforajobposition,oneneedsto(describingone'seducationalaswellasworkingexperiences.)one'sresume,[A]submit[B]subject[C][A]submit[B]subject[C]submerge[D]subsidesubmerge)didtheneedformoreandmoreskilledAsindustrygrew，so(industrialworkers.)didtheneedformoreandmoreskilled[A]much[B]asto[C]too[D]asforTherescueteamworkedhardtosearchforthemissingmountaineers,()theheavyandicysnowstorm.[A]inspite[B]despite[C]although[D]disregard“BreakingBad”isthemostthrillingTVdramaseries()Ihavewatchedinseveralyears.[A]as[B]what[C]which[D]thatTherevisedfeasibilityreporthandedinbythedraftteamisgoodenough,()afewspellingerrorsonsomepages.[A]exceptfor[B]exceptthat[C]excepting[D]except[A]exceptfor[B]exceptthat[C]excepting[D]exceptItismandatorythattheengineeringproject()accomplishedbytheendofthisyear.[A]is[B]hasbeen[C]be[D]willbe()theadvicefromthecouncilor,wewouldnothavefinishedthetasksosmoothly.[A]outof[B]whatwith[C]butfor[D]insteadofThetrafficaccidenthasclaimed5lives,thecauseofwhichisstill()investigation.[A]under[B]beyond[C]for[D]beneathEventhoughthebellfordismissingclasshasrung，theteacherisstilltalking()[A]over[B]forward[C]off[D]awaySincethenegotiationwiththemanagementhascometoadeadlock,theworker'suniondecidetotake()thestreet.[A]to[B]over[C]down[D]awaywithCloze(10%;0.5markeach)Inthelastdecade,givingbirthathomehasbecomeanincreasinglypopularoptionforsomecouples.Assistedbyaphysicianoranurse-midwife，manywomenhavesuccessfullygivenbirthathome(51)Atohealthybabies.Infact,somestudiesindicatethat―一for(52)<C>uncomplicatedpregnancieshomedeliveryisassafeashospitaldelivery.(53)[B]Advocatesofhomebirtharguethattheatmosphereinahospitalwithallitsforbiddingmachines，rules,regulations,andgenerallackof“homeyness”isstressful.(54)[B]Therefore，givingbirthinahospitaldetractsfromwhatshouldbeajoyous,naturalhumanexperience.Supportersofhomebirthfurtherarguethathospitalsare(55)[C]meanttodealwithillnessandthatthedeliveryofababyshouldnotbeviewedasanillness.Ontheothersideoftheargument,criticsofhomebirtharguethatifemergencymedical(56)[A]proceduresarenecessary,givingbirthathomemaybe(57)[B]downrightdangerous.Furthermore,hospitalpracticesinlaboranddeliveryhavechanged(58)[D]radicallyinthelastdecade,particularlywiththeincreasedpopularityoftheLamazemethod.Thushospitalsarenotthestrange,forbiddingenvironmentstheyoncewere.(59)[A]Mosthospitals,forexample,allowfatherstobepresent(60)[A]attheentirelaboranddelivery,andmanyallowthefathertobepresent(61)[A]intheoperatingroomduringthecesareandeliveries.Manyhospitalshave(62)[D]altogethercreatedbirthcenters,homelikeroomswithcomfortablebedsandarmchairs,thatallowlaboranddeliveryto(63)[C]occurinarelaxedatmosphere,while(64)[D]beingonlyafewminutes(65)[A]awayfromemergencyequipment.Forawomanwhowantstohaveahomebirth,carefulmedicalscreeningis(66)[D]essential.(67)[B]Onlywomenwithnormalpregnanciesandanticipatednormaldeliveries(68)[A]shouldattemptahomebirth.Aqualifiedphysicianornurse-midwifemustbepartoftheplanning.Finally,theremustbeaccess(69)[D]toahospital(70)[D]incaseofanunantic