高考英語(yǔ)高考英語(yǔ)完型填空專題完形填空是NMET試題中的一個(gè)重要部分。“完形填空共20題(36~55題)，考試時(shí)間為15分鐘，分值為30分，占總分的20％。在一篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約250詞)內(nèi)留有20個(gè)空格，每個(gè)空格為一題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。填空的詞項(xiàng)包括結(jié)構(gòu)詞和實(shí)義詞。”“完形填空部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力”。（測(cè)試能力要求大體接近大學(xué)非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)二年級(jí)水平。）《高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和考試說(shuō)明》

對(duì)高考完形填空的規(guī)定語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)高考完形填空考什么？詞匯手段復(fù)現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系指的是某一詞以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇中，語(yǔ)篇中的句子通過(guò)這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到了相互銜接。詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系又可分為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)四類。復(fù)現(xiàn)eg:1.Theygotosleepinallkindsofplaces.Redsquirrelsdisappearinsidetrees,bearsusecaves,frogsgodeepunderthemud,andmanyotheranimalsdigholesintheearth.2.IndeedwithoutEinstein’stheory，whichwastheresultomanycomplicatedmathematicalcalculations，therewouldneverhavebeenanypractical

applicationofnuclearpower．3.Atthatmoment,however,hefeltstrangelyunwillingtodoso.Insteadofmovingbackwardasplanned,hetookastepforward,andthenanother!(概括和同義復(fù)現(xiàn))上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義復(fù)現(xiàn)______________________________________________________①Itcanbesaidthatforeign__74__thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso(creates)problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.………fessorandhisstudents(lack)backgroundineachothers‘culture.

74.A.situation

B.background

C.circumstances

D.condition

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示"情況"的概念,而一個(gè)外籍老師的"情況"又該用什么詞來(lái)表達(dá),通過(guò)文章后半部的閱讀考生就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)background一詞，便可判斷此處答案為B。

②Astheplanecircledovertheairport,everyonesensedthatsomethingwaswrong.………Movingthepilot(aside),themantookhisseatandlistenedcarefullytothe(urgent)instructionsthatwerebeingsentbyradiofromtheairport(below).Theplanewasnowdangerouslyclose(to)theground,buttoeveryone‘s(relief),itsoonbegantoclimb.Themanhadto__84___theairportseveraltimesinordertobecome(familiar)withthecontrolsoftheplane.………Following__88___,themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield.

84.A.surround

B.circle

C.observeD.view

88.A.impressions

B.information

C.inspections

D.instructions

從上文中的circled可以推斷84"在機(jī)場(chǎng)上盤旋"應(yīng)該是B。從上文中l(wèi)istenedtotheinstructions可以判斷88為D。這樣，84為上文中circle的復(fù)現(xiàn)；followinstructions為listentoinstructions的復(fù)現(xiàn)。

①M(fèi)anyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.…………Itisthe__80__responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.

A.student‘s

B.professor'sC.assistant‘s

D.librarian's

從前面的responsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents可以判斷查找材料也應(yīng)該是"學(xué)生"的責(zé)任，所以答案為A。

2)同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

①Forcingyourselftorecall(almost)neverhelpsbecauseitdoesn't____yourmemory;itonlytightensit.

81.A.loosenB.weakenC.decrease

D.reduce

②Therearefourtypesofblood.__67__typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.

67.A.All

B.Most

C.No

D.Some

前后兩部分互為解釋，一為肯定，一為否定，為反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。從下文的tighten可以判斷，上文應(yīng)該是選loosen。并列連詞and說(shuō)明前后語(yǔ)意一致，那么，前后應(yīng)該是反義復(fù)現(xiàn)，與no反義的自然是A(all)。

①M(fèi)anyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe(information)inthereading…………Whenresearchis__78__,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith(minimum)guidance.

78.A.collected

B.assigned

C.distributed

D.finished

該部分作者通過(guò)兩個(gè)例子說(shuō)明，應(yīng)該有學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)自己的學(xué)習(xí)，都是從"布置作業(yè)"方面解釋。說(shuō)明布置閱讀作業(yè)時(shí)要求學(xué)生如何；布置研究作業(yè)時(shí)又該要求學(xué)生如何。兩個(gè)例子概念復(fù)現(xiàn)，借助于givereadingassignment的表達(dá)方式，可以確定78應(yīng)該是B，構(gòu)成assignresearch的結(jié)構(gòu)3)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

②(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally(smooth)andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight(sections)…………othersareunevenroad__85__throughthecountry.

85.A.drivingB.curvingC.crossingD.travelling

上文中提高高速公路上的彎道時(shí)用的是curve，85復(fù)現(xiàn)"彎道"的概念，用的應(yīng)該是與curve有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞，即curving

①Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina__85__result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneof(man)otherobjectives.

85.A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific

②ConsidertheeverydayEnglish__87__"Goodbye".

87.A.expressionB.statementC.proverbD.conversation

冒號(hào)后自然是對(duì)上文的解釋，從解釋的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，三者統(tǒng)一于一個(gè)概念之下：specific為具體，所以答案為D/B是特殊的Goodbye為所填之詞的同位語(yǔ)，goodbye為下義詞，其上義詞應(yīng)該是A，expression。4)上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)1)場(chǎng)所同現(xiàn)

①Thisisthoughttobea__89_wherefurtherstudyiscalled(for).

89.A.ascopeB.fieldC.rangeD.district研究"就有研究的"領(lǐng)域"、研究的"課題"、從事研究的"人員"。所以"研究"與"領(lǐng)域"是同現(xiàn)，答案自然就是B。②Another(way)todividethestudyof__80__istodistinguishbetweenphysicalgeographyandculturalgeography.Theformerfocusesonthenaturalworld;the_81__startswithhumanbeingsand_82___howhumanbeingsandtheirenvironmentact(upon)eachother.Butwhengeographyisconsideredasasinglesubject,__84__branchcanneglecttheother.

80.A.worldBearthC.globeD.geography

81.A.secondB.nextC.laterD.latter

82.A.learnsB.studiesCrealizesD.understands

84.A.neither

B.to

C.one

D.by

從文章主題(也就是話題)來(lái)看，本短文所談?wù)摰氖?地理"。地理作為一門"科學(xué)"有其"研究"的內(nèi)容。所以，geography,science,study是同現(xiàn)詞匯,80答案為D，這從下文分述中的復(fù)現(xiàn)也可證明；82答案為B，是同現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞。

從上文former的使用可以推斷82答案為D，因former與latter為結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)。

最后theother的使用說(shuō)明只有兩個(gè)，況且這一段所討論的就是兩種地理觀的區(qū)別，那么兩者都不自然就是neither，也就是說(shuō)neither與theother本來(lái)是同現(xiàn)關(guān)系。

2)修飾同現(xiàn)

③(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally__72__andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight__74__,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost(enjoyableone).

72.A.stableB.smoothC.splendidDplicated

74.A.selectionsB.separationsC.seriesD.sections

本題涉及到名詞同現(xiàn)和形容詞同現(xiàn)。與高速公路同現(xiàn)的形容詞自然應(yīng)該是"平坦"，有高速公路同現(xiàn)的名詞自然有路段。由此來(lái)判斷可知72答案為B，74答案為D。

語(yǔ)法手段照應(yīng)替代省略2、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)方面

對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查集中在1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣；2）定語(yǔ)從句（連接詞，限定與非限定定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，定語(yǔ)從句與其它主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別）；3）狀語(yǔ)從句；4）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，動(dòng)名詞)；5）主謂搭配一致(時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，人稱，數(shù))；6）并列句，省略句，倒裝句及割裂的復(fù)雜句子；7)邏輯主語(yǔ)(主要是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ))，在句法上不是主謂關(guān)系，但在語(yǔ)義上為施動(dòng)者與動(dòng)作的關(guān)系；8)詞類之間的搭配要求，如名詞需要形容詞，名詞，冠詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，詞組及定語(yǔ)從句修飾；動(dòng)詞需要副詞詞組修飾；及物動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加賓語(yǔ)等。做這一類題除了要有系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之外，還要注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，這樣才能確保答案的正確。

eg:(1)Inadditionto,therearewordsfromSpanishinEnglishandmanyAmericanIndianwordsandnames;evenChinesesandJapanesewordshavefoundtheirwayintotheEnglishlanguage.Thisborrowingofwordsfrom_____isonethekeyreasonsforsomeofthedifficultiesthatpeoplemeetwithwhentheyarelearningEnglish.(2)Unfortunatelytherearealargenumberofpeopleinmyfamily;somewantedtoseeoneprogramme_______otherspreferredanother.〖分析〗填otherlanguage，這里的otherlanguages與前邊的Englishlanguage對(duì)照?！挤治觥?/p>

填：while,表示some與others對(duì)照。(1)Forexample,ifconsumersbuyonlysmallcars,manufactureswillkeeponmaking_____Ifconsumersbuyonlylargeautomobiles,manufacturerswillmaketheseinstead.Sometimes,thequalityoftheservicethatisavailablewilldecidewhichcarsarebought．A.whichB.itC.onesD.them(2)Ofcoursehedidnotunderstandathing,buthenoddedhisheadas_______he.A.didB.hadC.understoodD.could(3)ThestrangeDrhadbeenlovedbysomeone:hehadgivenhislife,asCharley_____,foracausehebelievedright.A./B.hadbeenC.hadD.haddone〖分析〗選them，代替cars。[分析]選did，代替understood[分析]選had,代替hadgivenhislife。Fillintheformsbelowinproperwords.(4)Braytonrosetohisfeetandpreparedtobacksoftlyawayfromthesnake．Atthatmoment，however,hefeltstrangelyunwillingtodo_1__.Insteadofmovingbackward___2___planned,hetookastepforward,andthenanother![分析]1．填so，代替前邊的backsoftlyawayfromthesnake2．填as，代替后邊的takeastepforwarddo．eg:ChoosethebestanswertothequestionAphilosophersaidthatwehavenorighttoopposeapositionuntilwecanstatethatpositioninawaythatfullysatisfiesthosewhohold;until,indeed,wecanmakeoutabettercaseforitthantheproponenthimself_____.A.candoB.mayC.doD.can分析:填can，是前邊canmakeoutabettercase

forit的省略。這里指的是句際關(guān)系，即在連貫的語(yǔ)篇中句子與句子之間在結(jié)構(gòu)上和意思上的聯(lián)系。從邏輯意義來(lái)看，語(yǔ)篇中句子間的交際關(guān)系主要有以下幾種類型。邏輯手段邏輯手段并列關(guān)系順序關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系分指關(guān)系因果關(guān)系Neveraskachild(whether)helikesanddislikesafoodandnever(discuss)infrontofhimorallow

6

elsetodoso.

A)everybodyB)anybody

C)somebodyD)nobody

Itisalwayssatisfyingtodosomething_____nooneelsehasdone.A.whichB.whatC.itD.that本題考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，此空要求填一個(gè)不定代詞。這是一個(gè)由never開(kāi)頭的否定句，只是never在并列分句中承前省略，改為由or連接，故選anybody，形成neverallowanybodyelsetodoso的結(jié)構(gòu)。Choosethebestanswertoquestionsbelow：(1)Amongmanypeoplethereisuneasymood-asuspicionthatchangeisoutofcontro1.Noteveryone,_____,sharesthisanxiety．A.butB.andC.whileD.however(2)Heappearedcalm,____insidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.A.andB.orC.butD.otherwise分析：(1)填however，表示前一句與本句的轉(zhuǎn)折。(2)填but,表calm和fear對(duì)照。

上下文語(yǔ)境1Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas

1

andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad

2

astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcase

3

downthestairs.

1).A.helpless

B.lazy

C.anxious

D.tired

2.)A.took

B.minded

C.missed

D.picked

3).A.rolling

B.passing

C.dropping

D.turning

分析：在把握上文“我提著衣箱緩慢地上樓梯”的情況下，可知1題答案為D.tired，即當(dāng)我到達(dá)三樓時(shí)，已經(jīng)很累了；再?gòu)陌职帧疤嶂鴥芍灰孪涓谖液竺妗币约跋挛牡男畔⒃~“fell”可知此句的意思是：爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滾下了樓梯。因此2、3題的答案分別為C、A，盡管其它選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)法上均無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。2.That“somethingspecial”wasmen---___individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew(sources)ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationtoreshapethesociety.Themenwho____themachinesofthe(came)frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.

4A)generatingB)effectiveC)motivationD)creative

6.A)employedB)createdC)operatedD)controlled第4題選D)。句中creativeindividuals是后面定語(yǔ)從句whoinventmachines…在意義上的同現(xiàn)，符合上下文。第6題選B)created。Created是上一句中creativeindividualswhocouldinventmachines的近義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其他選項(xiàng)均與上下文不符。

1.IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendollars.Hewantedto______amodelplaneandwenttotheshopwiththemoney.AsellB.buyC.holdD.bring2.TomwantstolearnmoreabouttheBritishpoliticalsystem,buthedoesn’tknowwheretogetthe_______.

A.situation

B.information

C.conversation

D.association

2.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理例1：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir___

.Thiswasthebeginningofanother_____

dayinNewYorkCity.

1.A.jobs

B.homes

C.buses

D.offices

2.A.workingB.hot

C.same

D.ordinary

分析：從信息詞“earlymorning”和“sleepy-eyed”來(lái)判斷，B.homes不符合邏輯，按生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們是去上班。這時(shí)有些考生也許會(huì)認(rèn)為，既然上班，就要去“擠公交車”或“去辦公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、騎車的或坐地鐵的，也有自己開(kāi)車去的。人們上班有去農(nóng)場(chǎng)的、煤礦的，還有去工廠車間的，不一定去辦公室。因此，C.buses和D.offices不符合生活實(shí)際。1題只有A.jobs才是最合乎邏輯的選項(xiàng)，人們起床后，各自奔向自己的工作崗位。而這種情況是天天發(fā)生，是平平常常的，因此2題答案是D.ordinary例2：（NMET1998）Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast

29

bedandbringhimthepapersto

30

.

29.A.to

B.at

C.in

D.by

30.A.check

B.read

C.keep

D.sign

分析：29題的答案是C，bed的前面應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞in。至于30題，就要用到相應(yīng)的文化背景知識(shí)：外國(guó)人有早上讀報(bào)的習(xí)慣，句中papers即報(bào)紙（newspapers）。這是理解文章細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵。有了這些文化背景知識(shí)，便可迅速推斷出最佳選項(xiàng)B.read。因?yàn)樯钪羞^(guò)分溺愛(ài)孩子的母親，讓兒子“在床上”吃早飯，“讀”早報(bào)是很自然的事情，這也正與文章的主旨相吻合。

根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配來(lái)選擇答案詞的固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞的搭配在完形填空題中出現(xiàn)的比例也是比較大的，多數(shù)題目涉及到動(dòng)詞的用法和各種搭配關(guān)系，這是由動(dòng)詞在句子中的重要性決定的。動(dòng)詞在搭配關(guān)系上與名詞、介詞、副詞的用法緊密相關(guān)。

解決這類題目要求考生多讀、多記，對(duì)所學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能靈活運(yùn)用。4.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義例1：Dadtaughtmealotaboutlife,especiallyitshardtimes.

Irememberedoneofhis

1

onenightwhenIwasreadytoquit(退出)apoliticalcampaign（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Iwaslosing,andwroteaboutitinmydiary.

Tired,feelingthemonthsof

2

,Iwentuptomystudytomakesomenotes.

1.A.classes

B.advice

C.lessons

D.talks

2.A.struggle

B.working

C.battle

D.defence

分析：class（課，班級(jí)，階級(jí)）advice（忠告，建議，不可數(shù)名詞）lesson（課程，教訓(xùn)）talk（談話，講演），根據(jù)短文中提供的信息，應(yīng)該是作者準(zhǔn)備退出一場(chǎng)失敗了的政治活動(dòng)時(shí)，父親“教訓(xùn)”了他一頓，所以1題的答案是