》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《2022年吉林考研英語一試題真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishTheideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”was____1____aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe____2____tointelligenceinanimals.____3____plantslackbrains,theelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat____4____consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit____5____sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called____6____ofplants’intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave____7____thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,____8____“aplantnervoussystem,____9____tothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They____10____claimedthatplantshave‘brain-likecommandcenters’attheirroottips.”This____11____makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,____1toanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.____13____,thesignalinginaplantisonly____14____similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold____15____ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he____16____.”Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the____17____thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan’trunawayfrom____18____,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich____19____athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeaver____20____evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined3.[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedto5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested8.[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]test9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]se10.[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]e13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Oth14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficiall15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]load16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]add17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumpti18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]re20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easy答案解析：1.[A]coined2.[C]compared3.[D]Though4.[C]hintedat5.[D]differs6.[B]evidence7.[C]argued》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《8.[B]forming9.[A]analogous10.[D]even11.[C]perspective12.[B]reducing13.[A]However14.[C]superficially15.[B]level16.[D]added17.[A]chances18.[A]danger19.[D]recognizes20.[B]poorSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon’tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.“It’slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon’thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,”shesays.“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”Andsometimes,it’snottheartist’sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets”—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It’sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi’ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten’s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve…willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe’llbeseen.”21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin______.[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare______.》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《[A]immunetodecay[B]improperlyshaped[C]inherentlyflawed[D]complexinstructure23.Museumsstoppedexhibitingsome[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplastic[A]costly’sartworkstofGilardi______.[B]unworthy[C]unpopular[D]challenging25.InFerreira’sopinion,preservationofplasticartif[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages[D]hasanimpactontoday’sculturallifeSectionIIReadingComprehension答案解析：21.[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《22.[C]inherentlyflawed23.[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage24.[D]challenging25.[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificanceText2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuoptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,tdevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitablethatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbeofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmtohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywbeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirethisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishfordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinghavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,wilpartofGenerationZ’scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:‘Iamageographer’or‘Iamaclassist’.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;’》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon’tdefinetheminthesamew26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould_[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduate[A]Millennial’sopinionsaboutwork[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat_____[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegr[B]schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworke[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetod[D]parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducati29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewitho[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer[B]attendonthejobtrainingprograms[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfrom》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.[C]Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.答案解析：26.[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation27.[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree28.[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees29.[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield30.[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.Text3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning.”O(jiān)nerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesensescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi’sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason—providedbyMonashUniversity’sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember’sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll;however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother’swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyindeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight—hencethe“visualstudies”inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature’spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedtogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcparticipantsmustnotfallintothetrapofstereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretob31.AccordingtoParagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave_____[A]caughttheattentionofcritics[B]receivedfavorableresponses[C]promotedacademicpublishing[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat__[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience[B]sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions[C]publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture[D]artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership_____[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired[C]theircreativitymaybeinhibited[D]theirworkmaybemisguided》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscien[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies[D]Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofart35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthata[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience[D]arebecomingmorepopularthanbefore答案解析：31.[B]receivedfavorableresponses32.[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstosci33.[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated34.[B]Itexemplifiedthevaluableart-scienceal35.[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscienceText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand’sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcauEmployersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurPersonalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtogu“unjustifieddismissals”.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawosafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbybosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotic》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry’spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto______.[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices[B]improvetraditionalhiringprocedures[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers37.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay______.》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment[B]underminemanagers’authority[C]affectthepublicimageofthefirms[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProd[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.[B]Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedur[A]Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“high-incomethreshold”inAustralia______.[A]hassecuredmana’earningsers[B]hasproducedundesiredresults[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners[D]isdifficulttoputintopractice答案解析：36.[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers37.[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《38.[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.39.[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.40.[D]isdifficulttoputintopracticePartB題目要求暫無，需要考生總結人物觀點然后選擇正確選項，類似英語二信息匹配題。(41)TeriByrdIamaveterinarianwhowasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyearsbeforeobtainingmyveterinarydegree.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionstoanimalresearchorconservation.Theyareprofitableinstitutionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou“enhance”enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.Animalsendupstressedandunhealthyordead.It’spasttimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit’spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.(42)KarenR.SimeAsazoologyprofessorand,thankstomykids,afrequentzoovisitor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.ThezoologyprogramatmyStateUniversityofNewYorkcampusattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren’sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Theyalsogettomeetadultswhohaveturnedtheirloveforanimalsintoacareer,andwithwhomtheycanidentify.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos’treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.(43)GregNewberryEmmaMarris’articleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionate,dedicatedpeoplewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Ms.Marrisusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationscommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycare》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《foranimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhtheyaretheexception,notthenormthatMs.Marrisgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusato(44)DeanGalleaAsafellowenvironmentalist,animal-protectionadproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheizoos,andtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautiful,wildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildaredown.Zoosare,inthatsense,similartonaturalhistoryandarchaeologymuseums,servingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhitheirnaturalenvironments.(45)JohnFraserEmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeopthedatapointsextractedfromourstudiesdonot,invisit.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportencounterarangeofanimals,fromdronebeestosprnaturalworldwelivein.41._______42._______43._______44._______45._______[A]Zoos,whichsparenoefforttotakecareofancriticism.[B]Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimal》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《preciouscreaturesintheircare.[C]Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zooplaysignificantroleinstartingyoungpeoplesownthepathofrelatedsciences.[D]Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.[E]Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosoffealternative.[F]Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals’well-being.[G]Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanilinkbetweenmanandnature.答案解析：41.[F]Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingo’well-being.42.[C]Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zooplaysignificayoungpeoplesownthepathofrelatedsciences.43.[A]Zoos,whichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimals,shouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticism.44.[D]Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.45.[G]Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.SectionIIITranslationPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsiYourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugaofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betwe’sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor’sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;between》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2023年整理《《《《《《ofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman’sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,“TheScovellCiphers.”(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell’ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman’sappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovell’spapersatthePublicRecordOffice,London,Ifoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesabouthisworkinthepeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection.Irealizedatoncethatthiswaspriceless.(49)TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.Furthermore,Scovell’sstoryinvolvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington’sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingb