2017考研《英語(yǔ)二》閱讀真題及答案（跨考版）考試采取“一題多卷”模式，試題答案順序不統(tǒng)一，請(qǐng)依據(jù)試題進(jìn)行核對(duì)。PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.1ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“l(fā)egacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfor2newcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.[A]gainedgreatpopularity[B]createdmanyjobs[C]strengthenedcommunityties[D]becomeanofficialfestival【答案】[A]gainedgreatpopularity22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“l(fā)egacy”hasfailedto.3[A]boostpopulationgrowth[B]promotesportparticipation[C]improvethecity’simage[D]increasesporthoursinschools【答案】[B]promotesportparticipation23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents[B]focusesonmasscompetition[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers【答案】[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents[B]superviselocalsportsassociations[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities【答案】[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.[A]tolerant[B]critical4[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic【答案】[B]criticalText2Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—5itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusing6theirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.[A]simplifyroutinematters[B]absorbuserattention[C]betterinterpersonalrelations[D]increaseworkefficiency【答案】[B]absorbuserattention27.Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.[A]takesawaybabies’appetite[B]distractschildren’sattention[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment[D]reducesmother-childcommunication【答案】[D]reducesmother-childcommunication28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange7[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds【答案】[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______.[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren[D]remainconcernedaboutkid’suseofscreens【答案】[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______.[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive【答案】[A]givetheirparentssomefreetimeText3RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslife8worthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,9thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes–allthingsthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.1031.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.【答案】[D]hadalowopinionofGDP32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.【答案】[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?[A]Itissponsoredby163countries.[B]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.【答案】[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.1134.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.【答案】[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson[B]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth[C]RebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being【答案】[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginia12governor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact”.Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery.”Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRoberts13forthecourt,”assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety—thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.36.Theunderminedsentence(Para.1)mostprobably14showsthatthecourt[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’sduties.[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sethics.【答案】[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves[A]leakingsecretsintentionally.[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.[D]breakingcontractsofficially.【答案】[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.38.Thecourt’srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.[C]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.【答案】[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.1539.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.【答案】[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingis[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive【答案】[D]supportivePartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)16[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,“ADinneratPoplarWalk”broughttearstoDickens’seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname“Boz”inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens’sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbytheten-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour’spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837,and17wasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople