WhatisTheImmuneSystem?Theimmunesystemismadeup

ofcells,tissues,andorgansthatworktogethertodefendthebodyagainstattacksby“foreign”invaders.bacteria:streptococcivirus:herpesvirusparasite:schistosomeFungus:penicilliummoldThecomposeofimmunitysystem1.Immuneorgan(bonemarrow,spleen,tonsil,lymphnode)2.Immunecells

(lymphocytes,monocytes,neutrophils,basophils)3.Immunemolecules(complement,immunoglobulin,interferon,interleukin)Basicfunction1.Immunedefense:Identifyandremovelinvasiveantigen)2.Immunesurveillance.:Identiyandremovemutatedtumorcellsofbody,senescentcells,deathcellorotherharmfulingredients.3.Immunehomeostasis:maintainthestabilityofinternalenvironmentwithimmunetoleranceandimmuneregulationAntigensandantibodiesSubstancecauseanimmuneresponsearecalledantigens.

(suchastoxicchemicalsforeignsubstancesparasites)Substancedestroytheantigencalledantibodies.

(suchasmaslesantibodies,fluantibodies)ProcessofimmunityOne:T-lymphocytescirculatethroughoutthebloodstreamandlymphaticsystem,neutralizingtheeffectsofantigens.TheT-helperorT-suppressorcellsenhanceorsuppresstheimmuneresponseofotherlymphocytes.Processofimmunitysystem.Two:B-lymphocytesproduceantibodiesthatarecriticaltoourwholebodydefensesystem.Oncestimulatedbyantigens,.B-lymphocytesareconwertedtoplamsmacellsthatsecretimmunoglobulin,suchasIgG.Yourimmunesystemisacomplexnetworkofcells,tissues,andorgansthatworktogethertodefendagainstgerms.Ithelpsyourbodytorecognizethese"foreign"invaders.Thenitsjobistokeepthemout,orifitcan't,tofindanddestroythem.

Ifyourimmunesystemcannotdoitsjob,theresultscanbeserious.Disordersoftheimmunesysteminclude?

Allergyandasthma-immuneresponsestosubstancesthatareusuallynotharmful?

Immunedeficiencydiseases-disordersinwhichtheimmunesystemismissingoneormoreofitspartsAutoimmunediseases-diseasescausingyourimmunesystemtoattackyourownbody'scellsandtissuesbymistakeSometimesthebodymakesamistakeandattackitsowetissueasenemy,buildsupantibodiesagainstthistissue,andattempttodestroyit.(Suchasrheumatoidarthritis,lupus

erythematosus,andmyastheniagravis)Insomecases,theantigen-antibodiesresponsecompletefailtofunction.suchasimmunedeficiencysyndrome,acquiredimmunedeficiencesyndrome(AIDS)TheAIDSvirustakesoverthemachineryoftheTcellsitinfects,usingthecellstomakenewviruses.Viewcreditinformation.ViewtheillustrationshowingtheAIDSvirusattackingacell.BubbleboyBubbleboylivedhislifeinsideaprotectedenvironmentbecauseexposuretotheoutsideworldwouldhaveprovedfatal.HypersensitivityHypersensitivity,themorecommonimmuneresponse.Allergicreactionresultfromcontractwithanexternal,susallyharmlessallergen.CommonallergenCommon

allergen:

pollen,dusts,

molds,animal

dancer,cosmetics,

poiso

ivy,andcertainfoods.vaccinesSometimestheinvadingorganismsaretoostrongorowenaturalimmunityistooweak.Itisthetimethatweneedouesidesassistananceindevelopingimmunitytoaninvadingorganism.Soformanyyears,healthcareprovidershaveusedvaccinationtohelpthebody’simmunesystemprepareforfutureattacks.Generallyspeaking,immnunesystemisimportanttoahealthyperson.Withitwecanprotectourselveswhenenjoythepleasureoflife.囧rz[?p?θ?d?in]n.[微生物]病菌,病原體

patho-病的disease

(G)+-gen產(chǎn)生gerate（F）*變?yōu)楹缶Y則為-pathy-pathic

pathogenic病原的pathogenesis發(fā)病機(jī)理pathology病理學(xué)[i?riθr?usait]n.紅細(xì)胞

erythro-紅的red

(L)+-cyte

細(xì)胞

erythrocyturia

紅細(xì)胞尿，血尿

erythrometer

紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)器[?lju:k?sait]n.白細(xì)胞

leuko-白的white

(L)+-cyte

細(xì)胞

leukemia白血病

leukocyturia

白細(xì)胞血尿[?f?ɡ?usait]n.吞噬細(xì)胞

phago-吃的eating(G)+-cyte

細(xì)胞

*變后綴為-phagous

phagocytosis

吞噬作用

phagocytose

吞噬v.[?pai?u?d?enik]a.生膿的

pyo-生膿的pus

(L)+-genic

產(chǎn)生的gerate

pyoovarium

卵巢積膿

[?l?mf??sa?t]n.淋巴細(xì)胞

lympho-淋巴的，淋巴管的（L）+-cyte

細(xì)胞

lymphoma淋巴瘤acute

lymphoblastic

leukemia

急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病

[?ru:m??t??d]a.類風(fēng)濕的

rheumat-風(fēng)濕?。℅）+-oid

類似的(L)like

mucoid

粘液樣的

acanthoid

荊棘狀的

[ɑ:?θra?t?s]n.關(guān)節(jié)炎

arthr

關(guān)節(jié)+-itis

炎癥（G）〔復(fù)-itides〕

bronchitis氣管炎

pericarditis

心包炎nephritis腎炎

[?lu:p?s]

n.狼瘡，天狼座

lupus狼的（L）wofe

lupusenteritis狼瘡性腸炎lupuserythematosus

紅斑狼瘡[?mai?s?θi:ni?]n.肌無力

myo-肌肉的，肌漿的muscle（L）+-asthenia無力的weakness（G）

myositis

肌炎