2018詞冠專近年國涉介、詞考171615141312

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√√√從近十年的考點(diǎn)分析可以看出，介詞和冠詞是每年高考的必考項(xiàng)目。介考總：十介的年有察主是詞固搭配及詞組冠考總：十冠考中定詞定詞察量不多單選中考過冠的法做思：在語法填空和改錯(cuò)中，介詞和冠詞的考察都只會(huì)出現(xiàn)一次，定冠詞和不定冠詞屬于同一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)，不會(huì)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。要注意介詞的固定用法和固定搭配。相知梳冠冠詞作為一種虛詞，在英語中只能和名詞一起使用。英語中的冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。1.不冠的用不定冠詞有兩個(gè)和an在輔音開頭的單詞前面an用于以元音開頭的單詞前如：abook,apple）不定冠詞用在數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表‖如：Thereat門口有個(gè)警察。不定冠詞用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表，每個(gè)‖如Abe汽車一定要上保險(xiǎn)。Aobeyorders.軍人必須服從命令。3不定冠詞用于頭一次出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞之前。如：Thereaboxintheroom.boxis房間里有個(gè)箱子。這個(gè)箱子很重。不定冠詞和名詞連用作表語或同位語，主要說明某個(gè)人或東西屬類別。如：a她個(gè)老師。Weallhimpersonthejob.我們都認(rèn)為他是適合做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人。）定冠詞用在價(jià)、速度、比率等短語中。如：sixkilometersan每時(shí)60公里a每天三次不定冠詞用在專有名詞前。如：Hetobuy他想買架柯達(dá)相機(jī)。）不定冠詞用于某些固定短語中。如：a試一下takeabreak休一下玩痛快makea謀生asmatter事實(shí)上inaword總言之定冠的法）定冠詞和名詞用，表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。如：Mothercarvedinto媽媽把肉切成了片。）定冠詞用于可名詞前，表示一類人或東西。如：horseisausefulanimal.馬一種有用的動(dòng)物。）定冠詞用于第次出現(xiàn)的名詞之前。如：IThewassentby我昨天接到了一封信。那信是電子郵件。）定冠詞用于有組或者定語從句修飾的名詞前。如：Heinvestigatingthecauseoffire.正在調(diào)查這場(chǎng)大火的原因。定冠詞用于某些名詞或者形容詞前，表示一類人，一個(gè)民族，階級(jí)或階層。如：Chinese中國人rich富人死者the聾人定冠詞用于指說話雙方都知道的人或事。如：Pleaseclosethe請(qǐng)把門關(guān)上。）定冠詞用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如：sun太陽theearth地球theworld世）定冠詞用于序詞前表示順序。如：third第組）定冠詞用于形詞和副詞的最高級(jí)前面。如：ThisismostinterestingIhaveever這是我所讀過的書中最有趣的一本。10定冠詞在后樂器連用the彈鋼琴play吹長笛）定冠詞與姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，表示一家人。如：in1994.萊克一家是1994年中國的。12定冠詞的其他用法theRiver長江紅（用于表江河洋名詞前）theTaiwan臺(tái)灣海峽the墨哥灣（用于表海峽灣名詞前）theAlps爾卑斯山theSaharaDesert撒拉沙漠（用山沙的名詞前）4thePeopleRepublicof中華人民共和國（用國名稱）theNational國家美術(shù)館Museum軍博物館用公共建名theState務(wù)院theSenate議院theHouseof眾于關(guān)團(tuán)名詞前）theAgreement日內(nèi)瓦協(xié)議the華盛頓郵報(bào)(用于報(bào)、約前3.不冠的情）表示獨(dú)一無二職務(wù)、身份前一般不用冠詞。如：II,QueenofEngland英國女王伊麗莎白二世Hewaselectedchairmenofthe他當(dāng)選為協(xié)會(huì)主席。）表示球類、棋的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目不加冠詞。如：踢球chess下象棋）在一日三餐名前不用冠詞。如：breakfast/lunch/supper吃早飯午飯/飯）交通工具名詞不用冠詞bycar坐車by坐船plane飛機(jī)foot步行）在些地點(diǎn)的名，如school,home,work等。當(dāng)人去這些地方做在這些地方應(yīng)該做的事時(shí)，不加冠詞。home回去學(xué)goto去教堂祈禱inhospital住work上班注：如果在上述詞組前面加上定冠詞the,可以表示去這些場(chǎng)所做其他的事情。如Hecameheadmaster.他來學(xué)校和校長談話。Hecarvings.去教堂看雕刻。Hisishospitalhasbeeninthehospitaltotakeher.他媽媽生病住院了，他就一直在醫(yī)院里面照顧她。4.泛概的四表方）不帶的可數(shù)名詞可表示泛指Ilikemusic我喜歡音樂。）不帶的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞示泛指。are香是黃色的。）單可數(shù)名‖以示泛指elephantislargestland大象是陸地上最大的哺乳動(dòng)物。）冠詞a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名‖可以表示泛指。Amakesgood狗是很好的寵物。介介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，需與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞搭配在句子中充當(dāng)成分。介詞是用于名詞或代詞之前，表示詞與詞之間關(guān)系的詞類，介詞常與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞搭配表示不同意義。介詞短語中介詞后接名詞、代詞或可以替代名詞的詞（如：動(dòng)名詞v-ing）.介詞后的代詞永遠(yuǎn)為賓格形式。一、表示時(shí)間的介詞（一）表示時(shí)間段的介詞（1）,afterin時(shí)間段，表示從現(xiàn)在起往后推算一段時(shí)間+時(shí)間段，表示過去某時(shí)間往推算一段時(shí)間，如：5ththmein但鐘用after(afterthreeo’clock)HeleftonJuly2threedays.（2in表示在一段特指的時(shí)間內(nèi)，可用in或duringTheworkwasin/the表示年份、月份、季節(jié)用in如:1999,ininwinter（3inforpast+時(shí)段,表示在最近一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Ihaveininyears.（4for表延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。IstudythefortwoyearsI’vewaitedforBingoforhalfhour.（二）表示某一時(shí)間的介詞（1）at,onat表某一時(shí)刻，on表示某一天或日,如:at7:14,morningnightofMay2一天內(nèi)各段時(shí)間表達(dá),選正確的介詞，請(qǐng)比較：inawinter/snow/cold/morningatnightnightofMarch7in（2before表示某一時(shí)間之前，而by表到某一時(shí)間止，句中語動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：You你須六點(diǎn)之前起床。theendofthegot到月底這個(gè)男孩已得了4個(gè)（3since可以表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后，并不延續(xù)說話和一般過去連用，而表示從過去某時(shí)間開始的一段時(shí)間延續(xù)到說話時(shí),與在完時(shí)用如inShanghailiberation.解放后我父親住在上海.Sinceendoflastyearthegivenfive自去年年底以來，這位女士開了五十場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)（4from…to,until/tillfrom----to表從某一時(shí)間到另一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的一段時(shí)間，而untiltill示某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)時(shí)間如：motherinBeijingUniversityfrom從1960年1964年媽媽在北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。motherBeijingUniversityandthereuntil1964.我媽媽1960年入北京大學(xué)，一直學(xué)習(xí)到1964年（到晚‖表為frommorningtill）（三）不用介詞表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組含last,的示時(shí)間的名詞詞以及某些時(shí)間的副詞或名詞組前不用介詞如：yesterday,tomorrow等6二、表示事物之間位置的介詞（1）at,當(dāng)事物被視作一點(diǎn)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)其空間常用介詞而表示空間內(nèi)部用介詞in,如：We’llmeetthesupermarket我們?cè)诔幸娒鍵hadstayinsupermarketitwashard因下大雨，我只好呆在市里*詞arrive接at表示較小的地方:車村等后in表較大地方如城市地區(qū)等（2toin表事物在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的位置，表事物對(duì)區(qū)域范圍之外另一事物的位置，如：isintheeastof上在中國東部Japantotheeastof日位于中國東面。infront表在前面,般不在范圍內(nèi)thefrontof表在前面.同一范圍內(nèi)。（3behind順序先后,behind指置在某事物之后，相對(duì)于infrontof言,如HeenteredtheclassroomteacherHehimselfbehindthedoor在門后。（4表事物表面‖如將事物看作空間，表示在其內(nèi)部，用詞in。ThereThereinwall.off表示‖,,表垂直的上下關(guān)系，而above,僅示位置‖‖不表示垂直關(guān)系。（7among表物之間‖among表上的事物之‖三、運(yùn)動(dòng)向介（1into,inside,in從外到內(nèi)如Heinto/（2outof從到外，相當(dāng)于或里向外相于fromhewentoutoffrominhurry她匆走出辦公室.hewatchedthecarsbikesoutfromthewindow.男孩透過窗觀看外面的公交車、小汽車和自行車。（3在表，onto到……Aboatisriver.一小船在河上。Hejumpedontoatree.他上一棵樹（4across穿過一面through穿一空間Theboykickedtheitmovedthe這男孩用力踢球飛過草地。Thefastthroughtunnel.車飛駛隧道。（5）Thefastthetunnel.車飛駛隧道。bank步行到銀行去swamshore她岸邊游去。四、介詞法較（1）as,like7as表作強(qiáng)身份，like介詞)表示像teacher,forLiketeacher,for（2withwith表示外特征或附帶的東西,用…作工具in表衣用某語,在定搭配中也可用inAmanwithdarkglassesAmaninblackwantedbuydrinks.TheboyislearninginwithaHethetextinEnglish.（3forfor表為了表動(dòng)作對(duì)象,對(duì),.如:Hewoulddoanythingforhismotherland.Didyouthisto你我父親提起過這件事?for表就情況而說,表示一對(duì)對(duì)象而言如’squitewarmtodayforFebruary.二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。Whatheyounotme他才對(duì)你所說的話我并不新鮮for表目用途。come動(dòng)詞連用，（4,表從體中排除一部分與bat同，besides表除一部分有另一部分Weallfailedexcepthim.我都失敗了，但他沒有。HespeaksbesidesFrench.他懂法外還會(huì)講英語（5注意成對(duì)介詞的用法：getinto)car,onthejump(off)of（6介詞和名詞動(dòng)詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法：toonesurprisejoy,inchargeof,insteadbedintrouble,inahurry,insurprise,withwithvoice,accordingonce,inall,(school,work),atleast,theend,way,example,sametime,sameononeway(to),infootballteam,inwiththehelpof,inred/green…on,lookfor,looksendfor,payfor,show…around,listento,/at,getto,agreewith,ofwaitfor,….（7）表示加減乘除，分用介詞plus,minus,times動(dòng)詞過去分詞divided精練One：mistakeinItrainingsoIhadfriendMarycomesfromcountry.Look,agirlinattheLook!Athere.Acarisbeautiful.8fromsameItwonderfuldinnerenjoyeditlivefarfromandittakesaboutaagoworkDon’tbeangrytoforwritingIkcheese,weneedWecouldnotheardthemthefromWeforthepeopleandItheforawhile,sawhimintobank.thenursewithmyJim.IlookatpictureofIrealizedofhowfastflies.PartTwoMostof______ingoforsports.middleof______nightblow.Igoswimminginsuch______weather.______weatherherealwayshot.______WhatI____________truth______back.IItryifIfail______time.Onewaythousandsof______knowledgeofwordformation.Now’mon______diet.’mtryinglose______weight.Halloweenhaditsaneventin______dead.WuDongfatteroftwobrothers.a)Doyouknow______ThetwodifferentThe‖isdifferent______theword‖.Oh,ityou.Yourvoicesoundsdifferent______thephone.12.a)Thecutthe______troublemakerhalves.13.a)It’sverykind______youhelpwithmystudies.Ourneighborkind______to14.a)Thecoachwriting______pieceof9ththThecoachwritinginktoaThecoachwriting______pieceofThecoachwriting______anoldfriendhis.Thecoachiswritingletter______anoldmanwhocan’twrite.doesnotOurarealwaysusstudents.Ourteacherisgood______16.hadlearned2000endoflastWehaveaexamination______endofterm.allexaminationend.17.a)Theteacherisstrict______headhiswork.18.a)Papercan______andgrass.grassbe______Chairsdeskscan______wood.Thefootballteamis____________coach.19.a)Thechildrenwaitingstation.sickmotherhandandfoot.20.a)Wein______Mr.ChaplintheWedroppedin______.Chaplin’sdaybeforeyesterday.Fillthewitharticlesnecessary.auntfloorofoldThames.sheafraidofandalwayslockeduphouseverycarefullywentShealsotookprecautionlookingunderif6______washidingthere.modernburglars’thideunder8______beds,‖saidherdaughter.goonlookingjustthesame,‖saidmyaunt.Onemorningsherangherdaughterinthetriumph.foundburglarunder9______atlast,‖shesaid,quite10______man.‖F(xiàn)illthewithif’sforthethreenaughtysoft