2023名校版高考英語閱讀理解精讀附答案Formorethanadecade,ateamofresearchershavestudiedthedynamicsoftheGreenlandIceSheetasitrespondstoawarmingclimate.Butwhilemuchoftheirfocushasbeenonwatersimpactsonicesheetchange,theirmostrecentresearchfindingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.Meierbachtol,HarperandtheirteamdiscoveredthatchangesintheicesheethavearealimpactonthemassivegroundwatersystemunderlyingGreenland.Thislatestdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrillingtechniques.Internationalcooperatorsmadeanangledhole650metersthroughbedrockunderneathaGreenlandglacier（冰川）tomeasuregroundwaterconditionsundertheice.Meanwhile,researchersdrilled32holesfromatoptheglacier,throughnearlyakilometerofice,tomeasurewaterconditionsattheareabetweeniceandbedrock,whichformsanimportantboundarycontrollinggroundwaterflowbelow.Afterdrilling,theteamfixedsensorsintheicecolumnandattheicesheetbedtomeasureicedynamicsandwaterconditionsaswaterflowsundertheice.〃Bystudyingareascoveredbyice10,000yearsago,wehaveknownthatthehugemassandvastamountsofwaterfrommeltingicecanimpacttheunderlyinggroundwater/1Meierbachtolsaid.sgenerallyacceptedthatthegroundwaterissleepingoverdecadestocenturiesanditsresponsetoicesheetchangeislong:thousandsofyears.Butwhatwe'veshownhereisthatitisimmediate/1ThisnewunderstandingcouldhaveimportantsubsequenteffectsonhowGreenland7sthinningimpactstheArctic.Thethinningicecouldreducetherateofgroundwaterflowtotheocean,changingthewatertemperatureandsalinity（鹽度）balancethatisimportantforoceancirculation（循環(huán)）patterns.Z/InthinkingaboutthecomplexfeedbacksfromGreenland,songoingchange,wehavereallyignoredthegroundwatercomponent/7Harpersaid.Howdotheresearchersfeelabouttheresultoftherecentstudy?A.Satisfied.Disappointed.Surprised.Doubtful.WhatcontributesmosttothenewresearchabouttheGreenlandIceSheet?Fixingsensorsintoicesheet.Closeinternationalcooperation.Advancedrockdrillingtechnology.Acombinationoftwodrillingapproaches.Whatisamisunderstandingofthegroundwaterunderglaciers?Ithasaverylargevolume.Itisinactiveforalongtime.Itscomponentiscomplex.Itstemperatureischangeable.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?WaterImpactstheGreenland,sIceSheetLonglastingEffectsofGlobalWarmingontheArcticNewlyDiscoveredGroundwaterResourcesinGreenlandGreenland,sGroundwaterChangeswithThinningIceSheetC9.D10.B11.DMachinepartscaneasilywearorcrack.Ifengineershadtheirway,machineswouldhavenomovingpartsatall.Perhapsjustonemovingcomponentwouldbeanacceptablesolution.Suchmachinesarenowbeginningtoappear.Alloysofgalliumthatmeltbelowroomtemperaturearechosen.Theyhavethreeproperties:thehighestsurfacetensionsofanyknownliquid,goodelectricalconductivity,andextremechemicalreactivity,intheformofawillingnesstodonateelectrons—aprocessknownasoxidation—tonearbysubstances.KouroshattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesusedthesepropertiestodesignamachinewithasinglemovingpart:acontinuous-flowreactor.Thisdeviceisacircular14cm-longtrack,forreactantstoflowaround.Itwasinterruptedbyasinglecavitycontainingadropletofliquidmetalconnectedtoanelectricalpowersource.Anelectricalcurrentappliedtothedropletproducesachangeinitssurfacetension.That,inturn,leadstoapressuredifferencestrongenoughtopullreactantsacross,allowingelectrondonationtohappenandthedesiredchemicalreactiontooccur.Thedeformationofthedropletasittensesandrelaxeswithinitscavitypumpstheresultantchemicalaway,allowingfreshreactantstoflowinandtheprocesstobeginagain.Theforcesproducedbysurfacetensiondominateatsmallscales.Atlargerscalestheyaren7tsuperiortothosegeneratedbyelectromagnetism,onwhichconventionalmotorsrely.Thismeansthatliquidmetalengineeringwillbemostusefulforobjectsthatareroughlycentimetre-sizeandbelow.Asthisiswheremaintenanceandrepairsarethemostdemandingandcostly,suchafeatureisgoodnews.Andeventhoughtheywilllikelybelimitedtosmallerdevices,theappealofliquidmetalsiseasytosee.Theyexperiencenoneofthewear-and-tearthateventuallycausesmachinepartstobreakdown.Anydamagetheysufferisnaturallyself-healing.Galliumalloys,moreover,areeasytomake,harmlesstothetouch.Justtheticket,inotherwords,forcreativeengineers.Whichisoneofthecharacteristicsofgalliumalloys?Theirsurfacetensionsarelow.Theyarealwaysreadytoattractelectrons.Electriccurrentspassthroughthemeasily.Theychangetoliquidsonlybelowroomtemperature.Whathappenstotheliquidmetalwhenconnectedtoelectricityinparagraph3?A.Itispulledaway.B.Itproducesnewchemicals.C.Itsshapechanges.D.Itflowsaroundthetrack.