王守仁英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀課后答案GeoffreyChaucerTheCanterburyTales1.Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?Withsuchasetting,couldyoupredictthegeneraltoneofthetales?Earlyspring.Generaltone:happy,easy,lively,humorous.2.CharacteroftheKnight?Theknightdisplaysmanytraitswhichmakehimseemalmosttoogoodtobetrue,andatruegentlemanthatrarelyexistsinreality.Theknightholdsfourmainadmirabletraits,makinghimthemostlikedtravelerin"TheCanterburyTales,"andalsoamplyingthedoubtofhisrealism.Fromthecharactersimpressiveintroduction,itisclearthatthismanisthemostvaluedandhonorabletraveleramongthegroup.Thisperfectgentlemanholdsaloveofidealsthatareoftennotdisplayedbypeople.Firstandforemost,hebelievesintheidealsofchivalry,andalwaysstaystruetoitsprinciples.Healsofeelsthatoneshouldbehonest,truthfulandfaithful,whichmanypeoplearenotalloftheseideals.Theknightthinksoneshouldonlydowhatisright,andwhatwillgainhimhonorandreputation.Thischaracteralsobelievesinfreedomandgenerositytowardsall,anddisplaysthisidealrepeatedlythroughoutthenovel.Andlastly,theknightalsostronglyfeelsthatanyproperpersonshoulddisplaycourtesyandeleganceatalltimes.Anotheraspectofthischaracter'slifewhichmakeshimseemtooprestigioustobetruthfulishisimpressivemilitarycareer.Hefoughtintheholywar,Theknightobviouslyheldaveryrespectablereputation,andwastreatedwithmuchhonorand2respect.Hewasaperfectgentleman,showingkindnessandunderstandingtoeveryonehecameincontactwith.Theknightwasextremelywell-mannered,alwaysbeingonhisbestbehavior.Hisappearancewasthe"finishingtouch,"addinghonorandintegritytohiscourageousandgentlespirit.Thismaincharacterwasclothedstillinhisarmor,wearingatunicofharshclothandhiscoatofmailisrust-stained,clearlyshowingremainingsignsofpastbattles.ShakespeareHamlet P8Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?Nobodycanpredictwhathewilldreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknownworldandyoucan’tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn’knowtatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”He.can’predictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstoriesBecause?peopleholdthesameidea"togruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscover’dcountry,formwhosebournnotravelerreturns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownotof?”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsin3anotherworldafterdeath.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn’knowthow.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairandwantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather ’sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon’tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn’knowtwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.Sonnet18 P13Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?(Page14)Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?"Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Inlines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhatmainlyseparatestheyoungwomanfromthesummer'sday:sheis"morelovelyandmoretemperate."(Line2)Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby"roughwinds"(line3)whichhappensandisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline4,thepoetgivesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortbysaying,"Andsummerleasehathtooshorta4date."Inthesummerdays,thesun,"theeyeofheaven"(line5),oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim,"hisgoldcomplexiondimmed"(line6)as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."(Line7)Thefinalportionofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvariousaspects.Herbeautywillbeonethatlastsforever,"Thyeternalsummershallnotfade."(Line9),andneverendordie.Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthiseverlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskeptaliveinthispoem,whichwilllastforever.Itwilllive"aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee."(Line13)thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwomanandperhapssummertothespeakerissometimestoounpleasantwiththeextremesofwindinessandheatthatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthepoemisalwaysmildandtemperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer.Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheistoliveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwillevengoasfarastosaythat,"Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.”(line13、14)thatthebelovedisdeservingtoliveonforever.2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummerandimmortal?Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”Thenhe5givesananswer:“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”O(jiān)ntheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature’changingscourseuntrimmed.”Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthougrow’st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:“Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoepoetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautifullines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecanbeautyeternal.Or “thou”canbereferredtomale,for friendship canmakebeauty everlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract “l(fā)ove”or “beautywillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.FrancisBaconOfMarriageandSingleLifeP171.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone career’sdevelopment?IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Hethinks“unmarriedmenarebestfriends;bestmasters;bestservants;butnotalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitivesareofthatcondition ”,6areyoungmen’smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen’snurses”.Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday;Iathisback,thoughmanyyoungpeoplenowchoosetoremainsinglenomatermaleorfemale.Butsince“l(fā)adies”or“overleftladies”catchbecomeword,thethefemaleseemsmoreterrible.Maybebecausewomenareeasiertogetoldbuttomen30isthegoldagesofcareerdevelopment.Forthemainreasonsof3Sladies,somearehighstandardforhusband;somearethefurtherstudying.Formen,maybetheyarefightinginbusiness;maybetheyaretoobadtofindawife.Thenwecanseeallthestateofpresentmarriage.Eventhoughsomesay“marriageisthetombofloveIyetsupportmarriage.Marriageandfamilymakepeoplemoreresponsibleandloving,makedeeperlovebetweenspousesandmakelifemorecolorful.Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,whichshouldbehighlytreasured.Familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthem,allofwhicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitaltoanyonecareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthelistenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupporteachother;familyistheharborforsoul.Thusitishelptoone’scareerdevelopment.2.Certainly,wifeandchildrenare“akindofdisciplineofhumanity。”妻子兒女顯然是人性的一種紀(jì)律約束Abachelors’單身lifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyoneverythingthatfeasthiseyes7withouthesitation.What’smore,heislikelytohaveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefromanyburden.However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakinganimportantdecisioninordertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.Heshouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren’expectations.Asaresult,familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthe.Alovinghusbandandaqualifiedfathercancontributethegreatestmeritforthepublictoalargeextent.人的感情會(huì)移位，結(jié)婚的人對(duì)人生的態(tài)度肯定與單身之時(shí)不一樣。有孩子的人更因?yàn)閷?duì)孩子的愛(ài)遷移到蕓蕓眾生身上。結(jié)婚意味著兩個(gè)人的結(jié)合，不論肉體還是精神。在無(wú)形中把不相干的兩個(gè)人熔鑄成合體的一個(gè)人，對(duì)對(duì)方的關(guān)心和照顧如同自己，對(duì)對(duì)方的牽掛那是牽腸掛肚?；橐鲆沧寖蓚€(gè)人變得更有責(zé)任感，感情更加豐富，對(duì)社會(huì)將會(huì)產(chǎn)生奇異的變化，對(duì)人生的探索產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。單身是自由的，沒(méi)有婚姻的束縛，沒(méi)有孩子的牽絆，享受生命的存在，享受一個(gè)人的獨(dú)處.當(dāng)孤獨(dú)來(lái)臨時(shí)單身的人會(huì)去找人生的知己，會(huì)碰到與之共度人生的另一半，于是便有了婚姻。Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Doyoufindhisargumentsconvincing?Yes.IthinkBacon’sargumentsareconvincing.Inthedemonstrationprocess,Baconusesthemethodcomparisontoanalyzetheadvantagesofmarriageandtheshortcomingsofsinglelifeinordertotellusmarriageisbetterthansinglelife.Takingthesentence“wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsfor8middleage,andoldmen’snurses”forexample,itisquiteconvincingandreasonable.Marriagecanbringhappinesstopeople.Itistheecstasywhenpeoplepursuemarriageintheiryouth.Toayoungman,ononehand,awifeneedshiscareandgoodgraces.Awifeisaflowerandamanshouldpaymuchattentiontoherandgiveherspeciallove.Ontheotherhand,womenarealwaysolderthanmenaccordingtotheirmentalages.So,wivesaremorematurethanherhusbandandshecouldmakemanydecisionsandarrangementsforthefamily.Thatiswhywivesareyoungmen’smistresses.Whenamaninhismiddleage,heneedshiswifetohelphimnotonlyinthecareerbutalsointhefamilylife.Themiddle-agedmansuffersgreatpressureincareerandhewantshiswifetosupportthefamilytogether.Also,hecouldconfidehistroublestohiswife.So,thatisthereasonforhavingawifeinmiddleage.Whenthemangrowsolder,hisbodyisnotsostronglikebefore.So,heneedshiswifetotakecareofhimanddothethingsas“nurses”him.Inaddition,anoldmanisalwayslikeachildandheneedsspecialattentionfromhiswife.So,accordingtothereasonsmentionedabove,awifeisalwaysnecessarytoamanandawifealwaysplaysimportantandirreplaceableroleinaman’slife.Inaddition,theargumentistheconclusionaccordingtoBacon’slong—timeobservationandconsiderationtowardslife.Frommyperspective,hisargumentsareconvincing.Ithinkhisargumentsareconvincing.Bacon’sbasicideaisthatmarriageisgoodtobothindividualandsociety.Hisanalysisistakenstepbystep.Atfirst,asinglemanthinksjusttoliveasinglelifecanhemakesomegreatcontributions9tothesociety.Butasinglepersononlycaresabouthimself,hedoesn’tpayattentiontothefuture,itcanbeveryunwise.Singlelifecouldalsomakeamantobeserioustohisfreedom.Onthecontrary,marriagemakesamanberesponsible,tender,enthusiasticandwarm-hearted.Astheauthorsaying:“wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses”.Itmeansthatwhenamanisyoung,wifetalksaboutlovewithhim,whenhecomestomiddleage,wifealwaysstaywithhimasacompanion,whenhebecomesold,wifewilltakecareofhimtilltheendoftime.Eventhoughawifemarriesabadhusband,marriageoffersagoodchanceforhusbandtocorrectthemselves.Thewholeessay’smainpointisveryobvious,authortellsfromtwoaspects.Firstly,hesayshowbaditistobeasingleman.Secondly,hetellsalotofadvantagesofbeingmarried.Eachaspecthasenoughproof.AtBacon’speriod,hisargumentsmaybemoreconvincingthannowadays.OfStudiesP181.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion”What.lessonscanwelearnfromBacon’s<ofstudies>inouraccesstoinformation?Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymakesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientandeffectiveinformationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforourstudy,whichwecanappropriately10makefulluseof.Butwhatwehavetokeepinmindisthattheeternalmasterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessofstudying.Actually,I’msureeveryoneclearlyknowstheimportanceandsignificanceofreading,ofstudies.However,thebiggestproblemisthattheyhardlyhavepowerfulresistancetothosetemptationsaroundus,such asnew-style video games,latest Hollywoodblock-buster,AvrilRamonaLavigne’nextsconcert.Placedintheinformationcurrent,youngstudentsaredifficulttorationallydealwiththefloodinginformation.Theterribleresultisthattheybecomemoreandmoreindifferenttoreadingbooks,andwheneveracademicassignscome,wejuststartuptheircomputerandaccesstoinformationontheInternetnomatterhowmuchinformationtheycanreallycopyandmakeuse.Whatapity!Astoefficientstudymethodstoalltheseinformation,Baconinsistsonthecombinationoftheoryandpractice,“studiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.And”intermsofbookswhichmeanfortodaynotonlypaperbooksbutalsoinformationonlineforexamplee-books,Baconholdstheview“somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously; andsomefewtobereadywholly,andwithdiligenceandattention ”All.theideascandefinitely givecollegestudentspreciouslessonstostudyandreadingbookstoday.Whenwefacethefloodinginformation,somearetobereadin part; they’rejust providing nothing thanbackground whichcanbeusefultounderstandandcompleteassignments.Wecannotmerelydependallon11thecomputerinsteadofmeditatehardonourown.Ofcourse,practicingisquitesignificanttoday.Infact,thatdoesn’tmeanpracticeshouldbetheactionoutofpapers;inturn,thetermpaperfinishedonone ’sisapracticeofapplying hisknowledgetopracticalwriting.Informationaroundusisshowingupwithoutstopping.Theyareallnevercheckedbyexperts,trueorfalse.Weaccesstothemwheninneed.Stillwehavetobecautious and just view them asa reminder orbrainstormresourcestohelpintegrateourideastowellorganizethewholeassignment.Thisistherightattitudetoinformationandtoourownstudy.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?Readingmakesafullman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;themathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancienttime,avoidmakingthesamemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbewiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingtotheirownpreferenceswithoutlearningfromhistories.Readingpoemsmakespeoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautifulclassicalstyleofartandliveapoeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthanthesewhohaven’tfeelthebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakespeoplefocusontheaccuratecalculation,developascientificattitude,andformapragmaticspirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthingsfromallaspectsanddothingsfromthe12dropcarefullythanthesewhodon’tread.Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknownmystery,andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbedeeperthanthesewhodon’tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.Readingmoralmakespeoplelearnthewayofharmonyliving,formtheprincipleofethicalbehaviorsanddevelopcorrectoutlooksonvalues.Peoplewhoreadmoralwillbegraverthanthesewhobehavewithoutcorrectprinciplesandcan’tdealwithdifferentrelationships.Readinglogicmakespeoplemastertherulesofthinking,dealingwithdifferentthingsandexploringobjectivereality.Peoplewhoreadlogicwillbemorecontendtohaveclearideas,matertheprinciplesofobjectivetruththanthesewhodon’taccordingttorules.Differentkindsofreadingmaterialsplaydifferentrolesinmakingafullman.Peopleshouldgetintodifferentreadingfieldsandtrainthemselvestobecomeacomprehensivetalent.Readingwilldogoodtoone’sphysicalhealthaccordingtosomereadingmaterialsofphysicaltraining.What’smoreimportant,readingpromotesthedevelopmentoflogicthinkingandmorality.Peoplecanbecalledafullmanonconditionthattheyhavefinequality,delicateself-cultivationandstrictmorality.Trytoreadextensivelyandbecomeafullman.AsfarasI’mconcerned,readingcanmakeafullman,cancultivateaman,andcanmakeamanmoveforwardinthewayheunderstandtheviewoftheworld,thelifeandthevalue.Afullmanshouldhavea13positiveworldviewandadoptanactivephilosophyoflife,whichareusuallybasedonabalancedknowledgestructure.FromFrancisBacon’sOfStudies,Iknowthattheessaynotonlyintroducesthemethodsofreadingbooksanddiscussesthepurposesandfunctionsofreading,butalsoanalyzesthedifferentattitudesofthepeoplewhoarereadingbooks.Mostimportantly,wecanknowhowtobeafullmanfromreading.FrancisBacon’OfsStudiessays“Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;themathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.”Thatistosay,wereadallkindsofbooksinordertohavemoreperfectknowledgeandformcriticalthinkingwhichcanmakeusbeafullmanbyreading..Readingcanmakeafullman.Thatistosay,weshouldreadmorebookswhichareusefulandhelpfulforus.Readingcanenlargeourknowledgeindifferentfields.FromOfStudies,studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Itmeansthatstudiescanmakepeoplehappy,wise,increasingknowledge.Ifwereadallkindsofbooks,weareabletotastewhatmightnothappentousinreallife,andthenaskourselveswhatwewoulddointhatsituation.Besides,wereadmorebooksandfewermistakeswouldbemadebyus.Forthat,wecanlearnmoremistakeexamplesfrombookssothatwewillmakefewmistakesinthefuture.Soreadingcanmake amanfull becauseitcanmakethemantastealltheemotionsabouttheworld andhaveatrueunderstandingaboutthelife.OfStudiesalsoteachusthatweshouldchoosesomebooktoread,butnotreadallthebooks.Someuseful14booksshouldbereadcarefullyandtakennotes.Differentbookshavedifferentfunctions,theessaytellsusthatreadingdifferentbookscanbringdifferentknowledgewhichwelack.Theessaysaysthatdifferentbookshavedifferentmethodstoread.Inaword,readingbooksofcertainfieldbringscertainknowledgeandabilitywelack.OfStudiesgivesusthemethodofreadingbooksandgettingknowledge.Italsotellsusdifferentbookshavedifferentfunctionsforus.Sowhetherreadingmakesafullmanliesinwhatbooksyoureadandhowyouread.Readingarightbookcanmakeamanmorewise,moreemotionalandmorerespected.JohnDonneTheFlea P23Whydoesthepoetsaythat"thiscannotbesaidasin,orshame,orlossofmaidenhead"?Thespeakertellshisbelovedtolookatthefleabeforethemandtonote"howlittle"isthatthingthatshedenieshim.Fortheflea,hesays,hassuckedfirsthisblood,thenherblood,sothatnow,insidetheflea,theyaremingled;andthatminglingcannotbecalled"sin,orshame,orlossofmaidenhead."Thefleahasjoinedthemtogetherinawaythat,"alas,ismorethanwewoulddo."Whatdoyouthinkistheaddressee'sparents'attitudetowardthepoet'swooing?Theaddressee'sparents'attitudesareagainsthim.(...Thoughparentsgrudge...)Whatistherealpurposeofthepoettosaythatinkillingtheflea"thou"areactuallykillingthreelives?15Hecomparesthekillingofthefleatomurder.Itwouldbe“threesinsinkillingthree”(l.18)sinceheandhloverwouldbekilledwithinthefleaifsheweretofollowhernaturaltendencytodisposeoftheinsect.Heevenstatesthattheactofkillingthefleawouldbe“sacrilegeThis”.isatermthatisgenerallyappliedtoactsthatgoagainstreligion.Iftheloverdeniesthefactthattheirblood,andthereforetheirlives,arecontainedwithintheflea,itissimilartocommittinganirreligiousact.Thiswouldseemtomakethereverse,toacknowledgetheirclosenesswithintheflea,compatiblewithreligion.Toacknowledgethisclosenessisalsotoacknowledgethatitisallowable,whichcouldleadtotheconclusionthatDonnewisheshislovertoarriveat:sheshouldgiveintohisdesiresbecausethereisnothingwrongwiththeintimateminglingoftwopeople.DanielDefoeRobinsonCrusoe魯賓遜漂流記2.WhatdoyouthinkofCrusoe ’swayofmarkingtime?Whyisitimportantforhimtokeeptrackoftime?Agoodway.Hedoesn’twanttoforgettime.Foracivilizedman,timeisprecious.Fromthisexcerpt,whatdoyoufindadmirableinRobinsonCrusoe?Strong-minded,careful,capable,persevering,optimistic,ambitious,self-reliant,clever,practical,adventurous,patient,rational,sympathetic,hardworking,imaginative,energetic,courageous,amiable(kind-hearted).Firstofall,heisadventurous.Unlikecommonpeople,Robinsoniseagertotakeadventures.Soheisbrave16undermostcircumstancesandcuriousaboutnewthings.Evenwhenhewasleftinadesertedisland,hewasnotafraidofwhathewasconfrontedwith.Whatmore,duringthetimehelivedintheisland,Robinsonwasfacedwithlotsofdifficulties.However,hehasovercomeallofthemwithstrongwillandfirmdetermination.Andhetrieshisbesttosurviveandtakesanoptimisticattitudetowardslife.Insteadofdespair,Robinsonisfullofpassioninsuchaharshsituation.Henevergetsfrustratedbyfailuresandalwaysperseveresinmakingeffortstocreateanewlife.Besides,Robinsonpaysmuchattentiontodetails.Forexample,whenhewantstofindaplaceforhissettlement,hehastakenmanyaspectsintoconsideration,suchassecurity,convenience,andsunshine.Also,hemakesalistofspecificfiguresonwhichhecanbasehisconstruction.Inthissense,Robinsoniscarefulandconsiderate.Tosumup,Robinsonisnotonlybraveandadventurousbutalsowiseandthoughtful.Whenhehasdifficulties,hesparesnoeffortstoovercomethemandtryhisbestsolvethefactualproblems.Whatimpressedmemostishisoptimismandperseverance.AllthegoodqualitiesinRobinsonCrusoeareadmirableandheshowsusapositiveattitudetowardslife.Confrontingsuchanadversity,Robinsonshowedhisamazingwillpowerandstaunchlife-force.Healsoshowedpeoplehowtodealwithadversityinlife.Undersuchanadversecircumstance,heovercamevariousdifficultiesandcreatedsplendorofhislife.~Ifheorshedoesnotmakeaplanforthefuture,hemaynotgetoutoftheadversity.TakeRobinsonasanexample,hemadeaseriesofplansabouthisfood,his17bullets,hispowderandhisdailywork.Hebelievedthathewouldstarveorbeattackedwhenhehadnotthosethings.Soheateverycannily.Andhetriedtotrainthesheepsothathedidnotwastesomanybulletstoshootthem.Thetruthprovedthatitwaswiseforhimtodoso.~Robinsonalwaysthoughtofsomenewideaswhenhewasfacedwithsomedifficulties.Ifhediddoeverythingwithfixedrule,hewouldnotcreatethenecessitiesthatheneededinhislife.Owingtohisabilitytobringforthnewideas,hesolvedmanyproblems.Andthoseideashelpedhimovercometheadversity.~Robinsonhadbeenperseverantfortwenty-eightyears,andwassavedfinally.JonathanSwiftGulliver’sTravels格列佛游記InwhatwaysareYahooscomparabletohumanbeingsinGuliver’sTravels?CommentontheHouyhnhnms’attitudetowardhumanbeings.（1）Yahoos,hairy,wild,lowanddespicablebrutes,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinalmosteveryotherway.2）Houyhnhnmsconceivethevilestopinionofhumankindsuchascorrupt，detestionanddebasedgroup。WhatarethesymbolicmeaningsofYahoosandHouyhnhnms?TheYahoosasasatiricrepresentationofdebasedhumanity,whiletakingtheHouyhnhnmsasrepresentativesofSwift’sidealsofrationalityandorder.18Yahoos,hairy,wild,lowanddespicablebrutes,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinalmosteveryotherway.Thereisnoevil,nolie,noillness,nopower,nowar,nogovernment,nolaw,nopunishmentinHouyhnhnm.WilliamBlakeTheLamb P481.Doesthispoemdescribealamborthemindofthechildwhoisspeakingtothelamb?WhatistherelationofthelambandthechildtotheGod?Thepoemdescribesthemindofthechildwhoisspeakingtothelambsoastoshowthegentlenessandtendernessofthelamb.ThelambisthesymbolofthechildtotheGod.ItshowstheloveofGodthathecreatesthelambandJesusisoftencalledthelamboftheGod.Sothepoetnotonlyappreciatesthekindnessofthelambbutalsopraisesthemysteriouspowerwhichcancreatethelamb.Inthispoem,God,Jesusandthelambarecombinedtogether.(Reference:上帝創(chuàng)造自然中體現(xiàn)的慈愛(ài);耶穌是上帝的羔羊；溫良和自我犧牲精神；上帝彰顯的慈愛(ài)：對(duì)羔羊、對(duì)孩子的關(guān)愛(ài))2.Whatdoesthelambstandfor?Line20:Whenyoureadtheword"lamb,"alwaysfirstthink:symbolofJesusChrist("theLambofGod").Asthetraditionholds,animalssuchaslambsweresacrificedtoGodorgodsingeneraluntilGodofferedhisSon,JesusChrist–hislamb–asthefinalsacrificeforthesinsofmankind.Inline20,BlakereferencesaversionofChristianitythatstatesthatGodcreatedJesus(Protestantversionvs.theCatholicdoctrineoftheTrinity).In