高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的教案歸納高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的教案歸納bsp;bebackfallasleep/gotosleepfbeasleep他已出去了。他出去了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。他已睡著了。睡著了好一會(huì)兒了。2、makesure/besure表示“采取措施以保證”之意時(shí)，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)用一般時(shí)或完成時(shí)。Makesurethatyou(turn)offthelightwhenyouleave.離開(kāi)時(shí)務(wù)必關(guān)燈。Makesurethatyou(finish)theworkbeforesix.務(wù)必在六點(diǎn)前完畢工作。Thehunterheldhishandtightlytobesurethathedidn'tbow,either.那位獵人緊握他兒子的手，以使他也不低頭鞠躬。3、在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Tellhimaboutthatwhenhe(e).Hisdaughterwon'tgotobeduntilshe(finish)herhomework.Wewouldgetintotroubleassoonasthegas(run)out.little,no,some,等修飾。Ihavereadallthebook(that)yougaveme.4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否那么用where。Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.用nosooner…than和hardly…when引導(dǎo)的從句表示“剛就”。主句中的動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去時(shí);而且主句一般倒裝，把助動(dòng)詞had提到前面。例如：HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardaloudnoise.代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),主謂語(yǔ)序不變。Hereitis.Herehees.當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)也常常引起全部倒裝。Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),倒裝構(gòu)造為“表語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.GonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheylikedtotheChinesepeople.AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.LiWeican'tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Hadyoureviewedyourlessons,youmighthavepassedtheexamination.用于“形容詞（或名詞、動(dòng)詞）+as（though）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。例如：Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.如果從句的表語(yǔ)是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.用于nosooner…than…，hardly…when和notuntil的句型中。Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,often,atnotime,notonly,notonce等詞開(kāi)頭的句子。NevershallIdothisagain.Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.6.用于以only開(kāi)頭的句子（only修飾副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)）。OnlythisafternoondidIfinishthenovel.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumasterEnglish.OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.如果only后面的詞組不是狀語(yǔ)，那么不用倒裝。OnlyWangLingknowsthis.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。Mayyousueed!祝你成功！stomach－stomachs，aGerman－threeGermans,anAmerican－twoAmericans，mancook-mencooks;papers報(bào)紙，文件manners禮貌drinks飲料inaword簡(jiǎn)言之?inotherwords換句話說(shuō)havewordswith與某人吵嘴haveafewwords(aword)withsb.與某人說(shuō)幾句話Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives．某些集體名詞，如people,police,cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolicearesearchingforhim.dthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)造“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Myideaisthatwe(should)doexercisesfirst.在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí)，就必須帶to。例如：Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but,except,besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否那么要帶to.如：Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo.作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例女口：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.There/Itisnouse/good/notanyuse/good/uselessdoingsth.動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但不能用不定式:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,putoff,resist,risk,suggest,can'thelp,can'tstand（無(wú)法忍受）等。Itriednottogothere.（我設(shè)法不去那里。）Itrieddoingitagain.（我試著又干了一次。）］meantodo有意...meandoing意味著...Imeantoeearlytoday.（我打算今天早些來(lái)。）Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.（誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。）allow,advise,forbid,permitWedon'tallowsmokinghere.Wedon'tallowstudentstosmoke.動(dòng)詞need,require,want作“需要”解，其后跟動(dòng)詞作它的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),假設(shè)表示的含義是被動(dòng)的,必須用動(dòng)名詞,或不定式的被動(dòng)式。例女：Thewindowneeds(requires,wants)cleaning(tobecleaned).在短語(yǔ)devoteto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,beusedto,objectto,thankyoufor,excusemefor等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式：Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Badlypolluted,thewatercannotbedrunk.(原因)Beingwritteninhaste,thepositionisfullofmistakes.(原因,強(qiáng)調(diào)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式)Havingbeendesertedbyhisguide,hecouldn'tfindhiswaythroughthejungle.(為了強(qiáng)調(diào)已完成的動(dòng)作)Askedtostay,Icouldn'tverywellrefuse.這里asked可能意味著havingbeenasked,也可能意味著when/sinceIwasasked,但用了havingbeenasked就不會(huì)有歧義。下面句中過(guò)去分詞表示的時(shí)間與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間相同，所以不能代之以強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Coveredwithconfusion,Ilefttheroom.我很窘地離開(kāi)了房間。United,westand;divided,wefall.團(tuán)結(jié)那么存，分裂那么亡。HeusedtoliveinLondon,use(d)n'the/didn'the?Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar,use(d)n'tthere/didn'tthere?Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?Heoughttobepunished,oughtn'the?但在正式文體中，用oughtwenot形式。例如：Weoughttogo,oughtwenot?或Weoughttogo‘shouldwenot?含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的句子表示推那么，作“想必”解時(shí),疑問(wèn)局部不可用mustn't。假設(shè)前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)，疑問(wèn)局部用aren't(isn't)十主語(yǔ)，例^口：Youmustbetired,aren'tyou?假設(shè)陳述局部的must表示“有必要”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句局部那么用needn't。例如：Youmustgohomerightnow,needn'tyou?當(dāng)mustn't表示制止時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)局部一般用must。如：Youmustn'twalkongrass，mustyou?前句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是musthave+過(guò)去分詞時(shí),假設(shè)前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)(一般有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))，疑問(wèn)局部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用didn't+主語(yǔ);假設(shè)前句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，疑問(wèn)局部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用haven't(hasn't)+主語(yǔ)，例如：Hemusthavemetheryesterday，didn'the?Youmusthaveseenthefilm，haven'tyou?陳述句謂語(yǔ)局部出現(xiàn)否認(rèn)詞綴時(shí)(前綴或后綴)，疑問(wèn)局部仍用否認(rèn)構(gòu)造。例^口:Heisunfitforhisoffice,isn'the?如果陳述局部包含有no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否認(rèn)或半否認(rèn)詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)局部用肯定形式。例如：Heishardly14yearsold,ishe?如果陳述局部的主語(yǔ)為everyone,someone,noone等不定代詞,其疑問(wèn)局部的主語(yǔ)可用he,也可用they。Everyoneknowshisjob,doesn'the?Everyoneknowstheirjob,don'tthey?Noonewashurt,werethey?I'mlate,aren'tI?Onecan'tbetoocareful,canone(you)?Haveacupoftea,willyou?Let'sgothere,shallwe?Letusgothere,willyou?同位語(yǔ)從句跟在名詞后面,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明該名詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞主要有fact,news,promise,idea,truth等。連接詞用that(不用which)及連接副詞how,when,where,why等。例如：Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Sheaskedthereasonwhytherewasadelay.關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下：在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。例如：Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.在主語(yǔ)從句中，只有用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí),whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，否那么，也只能用whether。例如：Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.Ithasn'tbeendecidedwhether(if)weshallattendthemeeting.C）在介詞之后。（介詞往往可以省略）例如：Italldepends（on）whethertheywillsupportus.D）后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.E）后面緊接ornot時(shí)。Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.F）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，只能用whether。Whetheryoulikeitornot,youmustdoitwell.G）用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)。例如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.該句有兩個(gè)意思：“請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡”?；颉叭绻阆矚g，請(qǐng)告訴我?！庇昧藈hether就可以防止。在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：1）先行詞是不定代詞：all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾。ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten3）先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,主謂一致?？茧y題：Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise．Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture．Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.一些有兩個(gè)局部構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,passes,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Apairofshoeswasonthedesk．并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。例如：Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy．Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor．Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.GoingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabitAknifeandforkisonthetable.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等弓丨導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited．Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented．A(great)numberof修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere．Someoftheenergythatisusedbymanesfromthesun．季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱，球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。1/2one(a)half1/4one(a)quarter形容詞的順序：系動(dòng)詞be,grow,get,bee,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、上下等形體+新舊+顏色+國(guó)藉+材料Thosethreebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodtable某些以a-開(kāi)首的形容詞例如：afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive等只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)。某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly,timely等。close接近地closely仔細(xì)地，密切地free地freely自由地，無(wú)拘謹(jǐn)?shù)豩ard努力地hardly幾乎不late晚，遲lately近來(lái)most極，非常mostly主要地wide廣闊地，充分地widely廣泛地high高h(yuǎn)ighly高度地，非常地deep深，遲deeply抽象意義的“深”loud大聲地loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)near鄰近nearly幾乎bad/ill,badlyworseworstlittlelessleast表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than”的'構(gòu)造表示：Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比擬級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，如：even，alot，abit，alittle，still，much，far,yet,byfar等修飾：Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意:byfar通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比擬級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比擬級(jí)的后面，如放在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)展比擬時(shí)，用to代替than。superior,junior,senior寺。HeissuperiortoMrWanginmathematics.在比擬從句中為了防止重復(fù)通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如：Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthatonthedesk.Aboxmadeofironisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.表示倍數(shù)的比擬級(jí)有如下幾種句型:Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,width,etc)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,wide,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,wider)thanB.例妝口:Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。表示兩倍可以用twice或double。表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent,extreme，perfect等，沒(méi)有最高級(jí)，也不能用比擬級(jí)。如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時(shí)，該用so而不用such。如：I'vehadsomanyfallsthatI'mblackandblueallover.MrWhitegotsolittlemoney