2017年英語專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)試題及答案1肥皂加清水，洗手除細(xì)菌Amongthevirusessoapyhandwashingflushesdownthedrainistheonethatcausesthecommoncold.OtherremovablevirusescausehepatitisA,acutegastroenteritisandahostofotherillnesses.Aseparatekeyfindingwasthatwaterlesshandwipesonlyremovedroughly50percentofbacteriafromvolunteersubjects?hands."Westudiedtheefficacyof14differenthandhygieneagentsinreducingbacteriaandvirusesfromthehands,"saidEmilyE.Sickbert-Bennett,apublichealthepidemiologistwiththeUniversityofNorthCarolinaHealthCareSystemandtheUNCSchoolofPublicHealth."Nootherstudieshavemeasuredtheeffectivenessinremovingbothbacteriaandvirusesatthesametime."Forthefirsttime,too,theUNCresearcherstestedwhat1happenedwhenpeoplecleanedtheirhandsforonly10seconds,Sickbert-Bennettsaid.Thatrepresentedtheaveragelengthoftimeresearchersobservedbusyhealth-carepersonnelwashingorotherwisedisinfectingtheirhandsatwork."Previousstudieshavehadpeoplecleantheirhandsfor30secondsorso,butthat’snotwhathealth-careworkersusuallydoinpractice,andwewantedtotesttheproductsunderrealisticconditions,"shesaid.Anti-microbialagentswerebestatreducingbacteriaonhands,butwaterless,alcohol-basedagentshadvariableandsometimespooreffects,becominglesseffectiveaftermultiplewashes,Sickbert-Bennettsaid.Forremovingvirusesfromthehands,physicalremovalwithsoapandwaterwasmosteffectivesincesomevirusesarehardyandrelativelyresistanttodisinfection.ResearchersfirsthadvolunteerscleantheirhandsandthencontaminatedtheirhandswithSerratiamarcescensandMS2bacteriophage.Thoseare,respectively,aharmlessbacteriumandviruscomparableto,andsubstitutedfor,disease-causingorganisms.Afterthat,scientistshadthesubjectscleantheirhandswithvariousagentsandmeasured2howmuchofthebacteriaandvirusremainedafterwards.在一項(xiàng)比較各種手部干凈劑功能的大型綜合性研究過程中，美國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有什么比傳統(tǒng)的肥皂和清水更能有效地去除手上的細(xì)菌了。據(jù)美國(guó)“每日科學(xué)”網(wǎng)站3月26日?qǐng)?bào)道，研究證明，用肥皂洗手可將能引起一般感冒、甲型肝炎和急性腸胃炎等多種疾病的病毒有效地去除干凈，研究同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)不需水洗的手部沖刷劑只能去除50%左右的手部細(xì)菌。美國(guó)北卡羅來納大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生流行病學(xué)家埃米麗-塞克伯特-博納特說，我們解析了14種不同樣的手部干凈劑去除細(xì)菌和病毒的功能，而這是以前的研究不曾有過的。在研究過程中，科學(xué)家們對(duì)人們只用秒時(shí)間洗手的收效進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。這是在平時(shí)情況下，繁忙的醫(yī)護(hù)衛(wèi)生工作者平均所用的手部干凈以及消毒時(shí)間。共有62名志愿者參與了這項(xiàng)研究。志愿者把手洗干凈后，研究人員在他們的手上涂上無害的粘質(zhì)沙雷菌和MS2噬菌體，爾后志愿者分別使用14種不同樣的手部干凈劑洗手，研究人員會(huì)解析最后殘留在他們手上的細(xì)菌和病毒量。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用肥皂和清水洗手這種土