定語從句(一)關(guān)系代詞TheAttributiveClause----RelativePronoun一.概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。定語從句必需放在先行詞以后，對(duì)其先行詞起限定作用.二關(guān)系詞定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可作主語,賓語、表語,定語等?關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。三■關(guān)系代詞^s人^替物^替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whom/whowhichthat定語whosewhosethat的用法that既可以指人，也可以指物，指人時(shí)可與who,whom互換，措物時(shí)有時(shí)可與亞加由互換?在句中可以作主語?賓語?表語。?Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakescar.他父親在一家汽車制造廠工作。作主語，措物②Thelady(that/who/whom)IwanttovisittaughtmeFrenchatthattime.我要去造訪的那位女士那個(gè)時(shí)候教我法語。作賓語，指人③Theschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterdayisagoodone.口咱們昨天的學(xué)校是所助學(xué)校。作賓語，指物which的用法which一般指物，在定語從句中作主語■賓語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略（放在介詞后除外）。Which也可以指代這個(gè)主句。①Adictionaryisabook〔which/thatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是講解單詞意思的書 ’作主語②Hereisthebook(which/that)theteachermentionedyesterday.這就是老師昨天說得那本書作賓語③Thesunheatsthesun,whichmakesitpossibleformantolive.太0給地球熱量，這使得人類能夠生存。^替整個(gè)主句who/whom的用法亞卜。皿在從旬頂用作賓語，|此刻僅用于正式文體。用who代替whom在從旬中做賓語，主語用于口語。如：③ThegentlemanwhomRoseencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.羅斯碰到的那位先生很有禮貌地和她發(fā)言。（正式文體）②ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我見到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。G迎式文體）在口語中，who,whom,which在從句中做動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，常常省去。如：①Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.我不喜歡光說不練的人。(whom)wemetatthegate?你熟悉咱②(whom)wemetatthegate?你熟悉咱們?cè)陂T口遇見的那個(gè)年輕人嗎？”作賓語③Hedidn’tbecomethepersonwhohisfatherwantedhimtobe.ffi沒有成為他父親希望的那種人。注意:whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提到whom前面時(shí)，不能用who代替IhavemanyfriendstowhomIwillsendpostcards.我有許多需要寄賀卡的朋友。whose的用法whose在從句中作定語，可以指人也可以指物①Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.這個(gè)女孩學(xué)習(xí)很盡力，她的父親是教師.指人②WehaveEnglishclassesintheclassroomwhosedoorisbroken.咱們?cè)谀莻€(gè)門壞了的教室上英語課。 +指物1.限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句按照定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整.限制性定語從句：主句和從句不隔開，從句不能省略，不然就會(huì)失掉意義不能成立。如：①Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.②Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass..非限制性定語從句：主句和從旬用逗號(hào)隔開，從句對(duì)修飾的部份起到進(jìn)一步說明的作用，拿掉后其它部份的語意仍維持完整。如：①ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,whoisonly19yearsold.②Bob’sfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgypt.③Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworld’stradecenters.【注意】：非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)③SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.

which還可以用來指代上文中的一件事情①Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.②Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.五、關(guān)系代詞的省略引導(dǎo)限制性賓語從句的關(guān)系代詞在作賓語、表語時(shí)可以省略，但作主語和引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略。①Ihavebeenthecitytwice(which/that)youjustvisited.你剛參觀完的那座城市，我去過兩次②After10years,Johnisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedto年后，約翰已經(jīng)不是昔時(shí)那個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩了。A.用符號(hào)標(biāo)出下列句子的主句.定語從句.先行詞和關(guān)系詞:主句：定語從句：()先行詞:輟詞：that主句：定語從句：()先行詞:輟詞：that例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout?Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn,ssister.B.填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系得Ihaveafriendlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.YesterdayEmmywaswearingthenewdressIgaveher.Themanlegwasbrokeninamatchwasafootballplayer.Kevinisreadingabookistoodifficultforhim.ThefamilyIrmstayingwithlivesinthecountry.Iknowthestudentbookwaspublished.Betty,hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishhard.Myparentsliveinahouseismorethan100yearsold.TheboywithJohnspokeismybrother.ShanghaiisthecityIvisitedlastsummer.who2which/that/3whose4which/that5that/省略6whose7who8which/that9whom10that/which/省略C.單項(xiàng)選擇Whoisthemanisreadingabookoverthere?（杭州）A.that B.whoseC.whichD.whatThemanistalkingwithmyteacherisTom’sfather.（

川眉山）A.who C.whoseD.whichLiMeiisthestudenthandwritingisthebestinourclass.（貴州銅仁）A.whoseB.whomC.whoThepeoplehelpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijingaWI德陽）A.whichB.whomC.whoTherewillbeastampshowinthemuseumwevisitedlastweek.（嘉興、舟山）A.who B.when C.which6.Peterlikesmusicisveryloudandenergetic.（山東臨沂）7.A.thatB.whoC.whomD./OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou6.Peterlikesmusicisveryloudandenergetic.（山東臨沂）7.A.thatB.whoC.whomD./OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhouareoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.（揚(yáng)州）8.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./—Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?（黃岡）—8.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./—Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?（黃岡）—Thewomaniswearingaredskirt.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichA.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which—Doyouknowthemanisreadingthebookoverthere?（湖北襄陽）—Yes,hersMr.Green,ourPEteacher.

A.whichB.whatC.whomD.whoA.whichB.whatC.whomD.whoI’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.（湖北十堰）A.who B.whereC.when D.which—Whatareyoulookingfor?（長沙）—I’mlookingforthebookyoulentmeyesterday.A.that B.who C.whoseTony,tellmetheresultofthediscussionyouhadwithyourdadyesterday.（河南）A.what B.which C.when D.who1---5AAACC6---10ACBDA11---12AB定語從句（二）關(guān)系副詞TheAttributiveClause---RelativeAdverb一、關(guān)系副司關(guān)系副詞在句子中作狀語。常常利用的關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why,that等關(guān)系副司先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間^語where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語whyreason原因狀語二、關(guān)系副詞的用法when的用法when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞一般為time,day,morning,night,week,year等。③I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記來1北京的第一天。②Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.他在咱們需要幫忙的時(shí)候來了。where的用法where指地址，在從句中作地址狀語。它的先行詞通常有place,factory,street,house,room,city,town,country,village,school等。③ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.這就是我誕生的■子。

②Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父親工作的那家工廠在城市的東邊。why指，在從句中^^why指，在從句中^^狀語，其先行詞一般是reason。③Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒有人知^他為何老是遲到。②Whocantellmethereasonwhythetrainwasdelayed?誰能告知我火車延誤的引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞代替與其相應(yīng)的先行詞，而且在從句中別離做時(shí)間.她址和原因狀語，關(guān)系副詞在意義上常常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介得+3川4”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：①Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了咱們第一次相遇的那一天。=Ishallneverforgetthedayonwhichwefirstmet.②BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.1北京是我誕生的地方。=BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.③Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕咱們的理由嗎？=Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?由此可見：when=on(in,at,during…)+whichwhere=in(at,on…)+whichk)

三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞+which此結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，介詞的選用由which所代替的名詞在組成介詞短語時(shí)與介詞的固定搭配所決定。①Wedon,tknowthetimewhen/atwhichthemeetingwillbegin.atwhich=when)咱們不知道會(huì)議開始的時(shí)間。（atthetimeatwhich=when)②Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichhewasborn.這是他誕生的那間屋子。（inthehouse這是他誕生的那間屋子。（inthehouseinwhich=where)介詞+whom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替的是人而不是物，并在定語從句中作介得賓語時(shí)屋用whom。①Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisourmanager.=Themanwhoyoutalkedwithjustnowisourmanager.你適才與他談話的那個(gè)人就是咱們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。②Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.=Thisistheherowho/whom/thatweareproudof.這就是咱們引I以為榮的英雄。名詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞③Iboughtadozeneggs,halfofwhichwerebrokenwhenIgothome.我買了T雞蛋，當(dāng)我抵家時(shí)，碎了一半。A.填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系尚ShanghaiistheplaceIwentlastsummer.ThereasonPeterissohappyisthathepassedthedrivingtest.Irememberthedaymydogdied.IwillgobacktothecityIgrowup.Sep.1stisthedaytheschoolstarts.Thefactorymyfatherworksmakestelephones.Thisistheroomshedoesherhomeworkeveryday.Wewenttovisitthehousethegreatwriterwasborn.Iwillneverforgetthedaywefirstmet.Pleasetellmethereasonyouwerelateagain.Key:where2.why3.when/onwhich4.where.when.where7.where8.where9.when10.whyB.別高用關(guān)系副詞、介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空ThelibraryIoftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.ThelibraryIoftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.Isthisthebusyouleftyourumbrella?Isthisthebusyouleftyourumbrella?October1,1949wasthedaythePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wasthedaythePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidaystheycanplaytogether.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidaystheycanplaytogether.Whoknowsthereasonthegirliscrying?Whoknowsthereasonthegirliscrying?Thereasontheflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Thereasontheflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Key:fromwhich;where2.onwhich;where 3.onwhich;wheninwhich;when 5.forwhich;why 6.forwhich;whyC.單項(xiàng)選擇AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.where C.that D.whenInthedarkstreet,therewasn,tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.who C.fromwhomD.towhomIsthistheplanehecametoNewYork?A.which B.bywhich C.that D.inwhichThisistheschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?-IenjoyreadinginthelibraryIlosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.A.which B.that C.whereIcan,tforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.when B.which C.that D.whereIstillremembertheparkwefirstmet.A.that B.which C.where D.whenTheoldmanhastwosons,arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey

Heisamanofgreatknowledge,muchcanbelearned.A.inwhom B.aboutwhomC.fromwhom D.ofwhomHehasleftBeijing,ameetingistobeheld.A.when B.where C.as D.whichKey:1---5BDDAC6---10ACCCBD.自螂戰(zhàn)I,llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.（北京）A.whichB.whenC.whomD.whereA.whichB.whenC.whomD.whereAlltheneighboradmirethisfamily,theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（安徽）A.why B.whereC.which D.thatLifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.（重慶）A.why B.what C.that D.where—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching?-Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajobyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.（北京）A.whereB.which C.when D.thatSalesdirectorisapositioncommunicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesability.（重慶）

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereA.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereWeliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.（浙江）A.why B.when C.towhomD.onwhichKey:1---6DBDADB定語從句（三）定語從句的難點(diǎn)TheAttributiveClause一、只能利用that，不用which,who的情況.當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不足代詞時(shí)；@Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.能做的都已經(jīng)做了。②Ididn’tmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.我不是指這個(gè)，我是指昨天買的那個(gè).先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,few,just等詞修飾時(shí)；①There'snodifficultythatwecan,tovercome. 沒有咱們克服不了的困難。②I,vereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.我已經(jīng)讀完了這里能借的所有書。.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的?高級(jí)修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞?高級(jí)時(shí)；③ThisisthefirstletterthatE'vewritteninJapanese.這是我用日語寫得第一封信。②Sheisthemostcarefulgirlthatveeverknown.她是我熟悉的最認(rèn)真的女孩。③Hewasthefirstthatgaveussomeusefuladvice.他是第一個(gè)給咱們一些有效建議的人。.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；①Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthatheyhadvisited.硼談?wù)摿怂麄円娺^的老師和學(xué)校。②ThespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthaWereunknowntous.演講者提到的一些作者和作品咱們都不知道。.當(dāng)主句是以who,which或what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)；①Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?在車站等車的那個(gè)^S誰？②Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday? 昨天超過咱們的是哪輛車？.當(dāng)主句以Therebe…結(jié)構(gòu)開頭時(shí)，或關(guān)系代詞在therebe…結(jié)構(gòu)中作實(shí)義主語，先行詞為物。如：①Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.②Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.二、只能用which，不用that的情況：.在非限制性定語從中。如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.會(huì)議延期了，這正是咱們所希望的。.定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.他考慮的這件“級(jí)重要。.先行詞本身是由分七時(shí)。如：Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.我不喜歡他做的那B件事。三、只用who不用that的情況.先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,those等;①Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.②Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.③SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.④Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed..在以therebe???的句子中，先行詞為人時(shí)；Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou..當(dāng)定語從句中又有定語從句，且先行詞都為人時(shí)；Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard..當(dāng)指人的先行詞被一些指物的名詞修飾時(shí)；There,sonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?

.在非限制性定語從句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.練一練A.單項(xiàng)選擇Theradiosetlastweekhasbeenoutoforder.A.IboughtB.IboughtitC.whichIboughtitD.whatIboughtAlltheapplesfelldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.A.which B./ C.that D.theyIcantellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhich B.allwhat C.thatall D.allthatThisisthebiggestlabwehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.A.which B.what C.that D.whereIsoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.that B./ C.which D.whatAir,webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.A.that B./ C.it D.whichThisisthemuseumwesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthatA.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthatThisisthemuseumyousawtheotherday.A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthatHehasleftBeijing,ameetingistobeheld.A.when B.where C.as D.whichThisistheveryplaceI’mwishingtolivein.A.where B.which C.that D.inwhichIsitinthatfactory“RedFlag”carsaremade?A.inwhich B.where C.which D.thatThereasonhedidn’tcomewashewasinjured.A.that;becauseB.why;thatC.why;becauseD.that;thatAllisneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.that C.what D.whichFinally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.what C.whateverD.thatHetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.which B.that C.whomD.whatKey:1---5ACDCA6---10DCABC11---15DBBDBB.把下列各句子歸并成定語從句Johnisaverykind-heartedman.Youcanturntohimforhelp.Thebookiswrittenbythatfamouswriter.Iamveryinterestedinit.Tomistheboy.Iwenttothecinemawithhimtogether.Haveyourememberedthefactory?Weworkedinitlastyear.Itisthegolddiamond.Ispentallmymoneyonit.Key:Johnisaverykind-heartedmanwhomyoucanturntoforhelp./Johnisaverykind-heartedmantowhomyoucanturnforhelp.ThebookwhichIamveryinterestediniswrittenbythatfamouswriter./ThebookinwhichIamveryinterestediswrittenbythatfamouswriter.TomistheboywhomIwenttothecinemawithtogether./TomistheboywithwhomIwenttothecinematogether.Haveyourememberedthefactorywhichweworkedinlastyear?/Haveyourememberedthefactoryinwhichweworkedlastyear?ItisthegolddiamondwhichIspentallmymoneyon./ItisthegolddiamondonwhichIspentallmymoney.C.改錯(cuò)Isthishospitalthattheywanttovisitnextweek?IsthisthemuseumtheonesomeGermanfriendsvisitedtheotherday?Hehastwosons,eachofthemlookslikehim.Hewillneverforgetthedayswhenhespentwiththevillagers.PleasetellusaboutthepeopleandinterestingthingswhichyouhaveseeninAmerica.Theknifewhichsheoftenusesittocutthebreadisverysharp.Pleasepassmethebookthatcoverisred.Thesunheatstheearth,thatisveryimportant.Key:3.將them改成whom1.hospital^Uthe2.3.將them改成whom4.將when改成that5.格which改成that6.去掉計(jì)7?將由2七改成whose8.將that改成whichD.中考真題“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothesmakemefeelcomfortable.”A.that B.what C.whoTherewillbeaflowershowintheparkwevisitedlastweek.A.who B.when C.what D.Which—Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.—Soweshoulddosomethingcanhelpstopsmoking.A.what B.who C./ D.thatIstillr