選擇性必修三Unit3直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)一.句型的變化①直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)用連接詞that引導(dǎo)，that可省略。②直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)用whether或if引導(dǎo)，疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變成陳述語(yǔ)序，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say/said變成ask/asked。③直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。④直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)閍sk/tell/order/advisesb(not)todo.①直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)用連接詞that引導(dǎo)，that可省略。Johntoldher,“I’dliketoseeamovienow.”→Johntoldher(that)hewouldliketoseeamoviethen②直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)用whether或if引導(dǎo)，疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變成陳述語(yǔ)序，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say/said變成ask/asked。Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”→Thereporteraskedwhether/if

polarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.③直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。Theteacherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”④直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)閍sk/tell/order/advisesb(not)todo.→TheteacheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.

HesaidtoAnn,“Tellmeyourproblem.”→HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.“Becarefulwiththedog,boys,”shesaid.→Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.“Don’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.Part01直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)都是啥？Lead-in直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)Ihaveadream.MartinLutherKingsaid,“Ihaveadream.”MartinLutherKingsaidthathehadadream.

引語(yǔ)的概念直接引述別人的原話(huà)，叫____________;直接引語(yǔ)DirectSpeech

用自己的話(huà)把別人的話(huà)陳述出來(lái)，叫_________。間接引語(yǔ)indirectSpeech直接引語(yǔ)通常都用____________括起來(lái)，引號(hào)“

”

間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)________。賓語(yǔ)從句1.人稱(chēng)的變化一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱(chēng)不更新。一隨主：直接引語(yǔ)中第一人稱(chēng)變?yōu)榕c主句的主語(yǔ)相一致的人稱(chēng)。二隨賓：直接引語(yǔ)中第二人稱(chēng)變?yōu)楹烷g接賓語(yǔ)（即聽(tīng)話(huà)人）相一致的人稱(chēng)。第三人稱(chēng)不更新：直接引語(yǔ)中第三人稱(chēng)變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)不變。“Idon’tknowthat,”hesaid.Hesaidthathedidn’t

knowthat.三，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的注意點(diǎn)1）從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序；2）直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)要相應(yīng)地變化；3）時(shí)態(tài)變化；4）指示代詞，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要點(diǎn)。直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)變化1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)4)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變

5)一般將來(lái)時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)不變變化項(xiàng)目直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthese時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtodaythismorning/weekthatthosethenthatdaythatmorning/week3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化。yesterdaytendaysagotomorrownextweeklastweekthedaybeforeyesterdaythedayaftertomorrow地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here方向性動(dòng)詞comebringthedaybeforetendaysbeforethenextday/thefollowingdaytheregotaketwodaysbeforeintwodays’timethenextweek/thefollowingweektheweekbefore句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher________.

（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam______.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

whether

whereIhadfoundlikedhadleft句型轉(zhuǎn)換（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

nottomake thenextday直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的變化人稱(chēng)的變化12指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化3句型的變化4

直接引語(yǔ)怎么變間接引語(yǔ)？MartinLutherKingsaid,“I

haveadream.”MartinLutherKingsaidthathe

had

adream.

人稱(chēng)變化時(shí)態(tài)變化句式變化（連詞）規(guī)則01020304人稱(chēng)變化句式變化代詞、狀語(yǔ)等其他變化直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則時(shí)態(tài)變化人稱(chēng)變化01

＂Iboughtpearlsformymother.＂Tomsaid.

Tom

said

that

he

had

bought

pearls

for

his

mother.(1)一隨主:直接引語(yǔ)中有第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，其人稱(chēng)與主句中的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致。人稱(chēng)變化

Shesaidtome,“YouspeakEnglishbetterthanme.”

She

said

to

me

that

I

spoke

English

better

than

her.(2)二隨賓:直接引語(yǔ)中有第二人稱(chēng)時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)其人稱(chēng)和主句的賓語(yǔ)保持一致。人稱(chēng)變化

Shesaid，“Hewillbebusy.”She

said

that

he

would

be

busy.3)三不變:直接引語(yǔ)中有第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不發(fā)生變化。人稱(chēng)變化

【注意】如果主句中無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境添加合適的賓語(yǔ)。

"Whyareyoulateagain?"theteacherasked.The

teacher

asked

me

why

I

was

late

again.人稱(chēng)變化me時(shí)態(tài)變化021.Shesaid,“Iwalktoschool.”Shesaid(that)shewalkedtoschool.2.Shesaid,“Iam

walkingtoschool.”Shesaid(that)shewaswalkingtoschool.3.Shesaid,“Ihavewalked

toschool.”Shesaid(that)shehadwalkedtoschool.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）時(shí)態(tài)變化Ⅰ.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)往前移：4.Hesaid,“Iwalkedtoschool.”Hesaid

(that)hehadwalkedtoschool.5.Hesaid,“Ihadwalked

toschool.”Hesaid(that)hehadwalkedtoschool.6.Hesaid,“Iwillwalk

toschool.”Hesaid(that)hewouldwalktoschool.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）Ⅱ.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，以下情況，時(shí)態(tài)不變：(1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變;

Hesays,“Ididn'tbrokethewindow.”

Hesaysthathedidn'tbrokethewindow.(2)直接引語(yǔ)描述:客觀事實(shí)、真理名言、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,從句時(shí)態(tài)不變;“Theearthmovesaroundthesun,”theteachertoldus.

Theteachertoldusthattheearthmoves

aroundthesun.(3)如果直接引語(yǔ)中由具體的過(guò)去某年/月/日作狀語(yǔ)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。

Theoldman

said,“IwasbornonApril20,1949.”

Theoldman

said

(that)hewasbornonApril20,1949.時(shí)態(tài)變化練習(xí)1.Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”Hesaidthathe_____verysorry.2.“Sheispreparingherlessons，”Isaid.Isaidthatshe____________herlessons.3.Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”Shesaidshe_________apen.4.Hesaidtome，“Janespentallhertimedoingthat.”Hetoldme（that）Jane__________allhertimedoingthat.waswaspreparinghadlosthadspent5.Shesaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”Shesaidshe_______Englishverymuch.6.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthatthey___________tothepopmusic.7.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherI__________myhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.8.Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”Shesaidthattheirbus___________infiveminutes.werelisteninghadfinishedwouldarriveliked句式變化03Ⅰ.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句,改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,that可省略。eg.

Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”Shesaid

theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.(that)句式變化Ⅱ.直接引語(yǔ)是選擇/一般疑問(wèn)句,

改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。eg.

Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”HeaskedJohn_______

hecouldswim.whether/if句式變化Ⅲ.直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,

改為由疑問(wèn)代詞(what/which)或連接副詞（when/where/why/how)

引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句且賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。eg.

Sheaskedme，“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedme

theyhadtheirdinner.when句式變化其他變化04代”(指示代詞)“狀”(時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))“動(dòng)”(方向性動(dòng)詞)Ⅰ.指示代詞：this—thatthese—thoseⅡ.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now(此時(shí))—then(那時(shí))

ago—before

today—thatdaytomorrow—thenextdayyesterday—thedaybefore

lastweek—theweekbefore;

thisevening—thateveningⅢ.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：here—thereⅥ.方向性動(dòng)詞：bring—takecome—go其他變化Examples:1.Shesaid,“Thishouseisexpensive(昂貴的).”

Shesaid(that)thathousewasexpensive.2.

“Tom,comehere!

”Theysaid.

TheyaskedTomtogo

there.3.

Sarahsaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.

”

Sarahsaid(that)shehadfinishedherhomeworkthedaybefore.性質(zhì)：間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句人稱(chēng):一隨主,二隨賓,三不變時(shí)態(tài)：主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)往前移引導(dǎo)詞:陳述句:用that一般疑問(wèn)句:用if或whether特殊疑問(wèn)句:用特殊疑問(wèn)詞祈使句：

tellsb.todos.thasksb.todos.thordersb.todos.th其他變化1.“Iamnotanengieer.”

hesaid.

Hesaidthat

__________notanengineer.2.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun

intheeastand_____downinthewest.3.“Imeetherhere.”

hetoldme.He

methathe

her

.4.HesaidtoJim,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He

Jimthathe

sitthere.5.Heasked

hermother,“Howdoyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother

it.hewasrisesgoestoldmettheretoldcouldhowshefoundPractice鞏固練習(xí)一.把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，注意人稱(chēng)變化①Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

wouldgotheretohavealongholiday.②Shesaidtome，“Youplaybasketballbetterthanme.”→Shetoldmethat

playedbasketballbetterthanher.③“Iboughtthispairofshoesformyfather，”Katesaid.→Katesaid

hadboughtthatpairofshoesforherfather.④Myfathersaid，“IhopeyouwillgrowuptobePresident.”→Myfathersaidthat

hoped_____________wouldgrowuptobePresident.sheIsheheI

二.把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，注意時(shí)態(tài)變化①Hesaid，“Isawthefilmyesterday.”→Hesaidthathe

thefilmthedaybefore.②Shesaid，“Ihaveseenthefilm.Itisgood.”→Shesaidthatshe

thefilm，andthatitwasgood.③Heasked，“Isitraining？”→Heaskedifit

.hadseenhadseenwasraining④Theteachersaid，“Iwillgivemystudentsafewholidaysattheendofthismonth.”→Theteacherpromisedthathe

hisstudentsafewholidaysattheendofthatmonth.⑤“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound，”myfathertoldme.→Myfathertoldme

light_____________muchfasterthansound.⑥“Whendidyoucomehere？”sheasked.→Sheasked________________________________.wouldgivethattravelsmewhenIwentthere三.將直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)①Henrysaid，“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”→________________________________________________________________②Helensaidtome，“Thishappenedyesterday.”→________________________________________________________________③Shellysaid，“Iarrivedtwodaysago.”→_______