.zPresentation(1)–情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致第一節(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞的分類●動(dòng)詞是英語中最重要的詞類之一。它是表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣三種形式的變化。從含義上分，動(dòng)詞可分為以下幾類：類別特點(diǎn)行為動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)其后可以直接接賓語，可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)其后不能直接接賓語，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。連系動(dòng)詞(link.v.)其后接名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等作表語。助動(dòng)詞(au*.v.)幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同時(shí)態(tài)的疑問句和否認(rèn)句。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(mod.v.)其后接動(dòng)詞原形，表示說話者的態(tài)度。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的根本用法●can和could的用法◎表示能力◎表示客觀可能性Anybodycanmakemistakes.任何人都可能犯錯(cuò)誤?！虮硎驹S可〔多用于口語〕◎表示請(qǐng)求◎表示驚異、疑心、不相信〔主要用于否認(rèn)句、疑問句或感慨句〕Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.He’sakindperson.這不可能是他做的，他是個(gè)仁慈的人?！駇ay和might的用法◎表示允許、請(qǐng)求◎may表示可能性，主要用于陳述句，表示肯定或否認(rèn)，疑問句用can代替Thestorymaynotbetrue.這故事可能不是真的。◎may表示祝愿，表示祝愿時(shí)不用mightMayyousucceed!祝你成功！●must、haveto和oughtto的用法◎must表示“必須〞、“應(yīng)該〞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，它的否認(rèn)式是mustnot/mustn’t。以must開頭的問句，其否認(rèn)答復(fù)要用needn’t或don’thaveto代替◎must還可表示必然的結(jié)果Allmenmustdie.人固有一死?！騢aveto著重客觀需要，能用于過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)等更多時(shí)態(tài)◎oughtto表示義務(wù)和責(zé)任，比should語氣要強(qiáng)Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowedtohappenagain.這樣的事不允許再發(fā)生。●need和dare的用法◎need表示“需要〞、“必要〞，只能用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句中。在肯定句中，常用must和haveto代替◎dare表示“敢〞常用于否認(rèn)句，疑問句和條件狀語從句中Idarenotdoit./Idon’tdaretodoit.我不敢做這件事?！駑ill和would的用法◎表示請(qǐng)求、建議，通常用于第二人稱◎will表示意愿、決定、允諾◎表示〔過去的〕習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或*種傾向，通常用于第三人稱Fishwilldieoutofwater.魚離開水就不能活。Hewouldsitlikethatforhours.他過去總是那樣坐上幾個(gè)小時(shí)?！駍hall和should的用法◎shall在問句中表示征求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求，通常用于第一、三人稱◎shall表示說話人的允諾、警告、決定、命令或威脅，通常用于第二、三人稱Tellhersheshallhavethebooktomorrow.告訴她明天可以得到那本書?！騭hall表示決定或決心，通常用于第一人稱ThatwasamomentthatIshallneverforget.那個(gè)時(shí)刻我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記?！騭hould表示勸告、建議、命令，與oughtto同義三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法●表示推測(cè)肯定句must(一定),may/might(可能),would(大概),should/oughtto(應(yīng)該)否認(rèn)句can/couldnot(一定不),may/mightnot(可能不)疑問句can/could(可能)◎表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的推測(cè)-.zHemustbeathome.他一定在家。Hecan’tbeathome.◎表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作的推測(cè)Youmothermightbewaitingforyouathome.你媽媽可能在家等你。Cantheybeplayingfootballwhileitisraining?他們可能在下雨時(shí)踢足球嗎.◎表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)◆“must/may/might/could＋have＋過去分詞〞常用來表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)Itmayhaverainedlastnight.昨晚可能下了雨?！粼诜裾J(rèn)句和疑問句中，常用“can/could＋have＋過去分詞〞表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan’thavebeenathome門是鎖著的，他不可能在家?！虮硎緦?duì)將來的推測(cè)◆由“must/may/might/can/could/oughtto＋動(dòng)詞原形〞表示對(duì)將來情況的推測(cè)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用或用在一定的上下文中Shemustarrivebeforefive.五點(diǎn)前她準(zhǔn)到?！癖硎矩?zé)備和批評(píng)◎表示“本該做而實(shí)際上未做〞Youshould/oughttohavebeenherefiveminutesago.你本來應(yīng)該五分鐘以前就到這兒的〔但實(shí)際你未做到〕?！虮硎尽氨静辉撟龆鴮?shí)際上做了〞Youneedn’thavewaitedforme.你本不必等我的〔但實(shí)際上等了〕。.z第二節(jié)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一、時(shí)態(tài)形式二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)句式：Ihavebeendoing表示發(fā)生在過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。該動(dòng)作可能剛停頓，可能仍繼續(xù)進(jìn)展下去Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.湯姆自從新學(xué)期伊始就一直很努力。Ihavebeenfi*ingthebikeforthreehours.我修自行車已經(jīng)修了三小時(shí)了。●和其他進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)一樣，可以帶有感情色彩Youknow,youparentsreallyhavebeenmakingthingsterriblydifficultforyourchild.你要知道，你們做父母的也真是太難為孩子了。Whohasbeentellingyouthingslikethat?誰和你說的這些胡話.*些不能用于進(jìn)展時(shí)的動(dòng)詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)，例如see，hear，know類的詞第三節(jié)主謂一致主謂一致三原則●語法一致原則一般來說，語法形式是單數(shù)的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；語法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：Hisfatherisadoctor.他的父親是位醫(yī)生。Weloveourmotherland.我們熱愛我們的祖國?！褚饬x一致原則主謂一致中的意義一致不是根據(jù)其外部語法形態(tài)來決定，而是取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義。主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上卻為單數(shù)，謂語從此應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式：Twentydollarsistoodear.二十美元太貴了。HisfamilyarewatchingTV.他全家人正在看電視。●就近原則謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它前面最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式來決定其自身的數(shù)的形式：EitheryouorIamgoingtoworkthere.不是你就是我將去那里工作。Neitheryounoryourbrotherhaspassedthee*am.你和你弟弟考試都沒有及格。主謂一致的特殊情況兩個(gè)作主語用的名詞或代詞由either…or,neither…nor,or,notonly…but(also)連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與后一個(gè)主語的人稱和數(shù)一致EitherheorIamwrong.不是他錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了。Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.湯姆或他的哥哥們正在房間里等候著。主語是單數(shù)而后面跟有but,ratherthan,aswellas,with,togetherwith,like,alongwith,nolessthan,asmuchas,including,inadditionto,besides,but,e*cept等引起的短語時(shí)，謂語仍用單數(shù)Nobodybutusknowsit.除了我們，沒人知道。Sheaswellastheotherstudentshaslearnedhowtotype.她和其他學(xué)生一樣，也學(xué)會(huì)了如何打字。Ourschool,withsomeotherschools,wasbuiltinthe1950s.我們學(xué)校和其他幾所學(xué)校建立于二十世紀(jì)五十年代?！馿ach,either,neither或由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Eachofushasreadthebook.我們每個(gè)人都已經(jīng)看過這本了。NeitherofthemisinterestedinEnglish.他們兩人對(duì)英語都不感興趣。表示數(shù)目、時(shí)間、金額、距離、路程、書名、國名、報(bào)刊名稱等的名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Twohoursisenoughforustofinishthee*periment.兩個(gè)小時(shí)足夠我們做完這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。TheNewYorkTimesisanAmericandailynewspaperpublishedinNewYorkCity.?紐約時(shí)報(bào)?是一份在美國紐約出版的日?qǐng)?bào)。一個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語由and連接時(shí)，如果表示不同概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果表示同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。后一種情況只在第一個(gè)名詞前加修飾語ThesingerandthedancerefromChina.這位歌手和這位舞員來自中國。ThesingeranddanceresfromChina.這位歌舞演員來自中國?！駊eople,police,cattle等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Thecattlearegrazingneartheriver.牛在河邊吃草。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.警察正在搜尋殺人犯。不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinthefuture.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都想將來為人民效勞。Noboyandnogirllikeshiminhisclass.他們班上的男孩和女孩都不喜歡他?！皌herebe＋并列主語〞和“herebe＋并列主語〞構(gòu)造中的謂語形式一般應(yīng)與并列主語中的第一個(gè)主語的數(shù)一致Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.桌上有兩本書和一支鋼筆?！皌he＋形容詞／過去分詞〞這一表示一類人的構(gòu)造作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這種構(gòu)造表示物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Theyoungarerequiredtorespecttheold.年輕人應(yīng)該尊敬老人。Thegoodinhimoutweighsthebad.他身上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)多過缺點(diǎn)。在“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋who/that/which定語從句〞中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)一致而不是與one一致，從句的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但是當(dāng)one之前有the(only)修飾，從句的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.這是被問到的最有趣的問題之一。Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforthemeeting.她是那些女孩中惟一一個(gè)開會(huì)遲到的。glasses,trousers,clothes,shoes,chopsticks,scissors等作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果名詞前帶有kindof,pieceof,pairof,sortof,typeof等修飾時(shí)，謂語視kind,piece,pair,sort,type等的數(shù)來定Histrousersarewornout.他的褲子破了。Apairofshoeswasinthebo*.這個(gè)盒子里有一雙鞋?！駀ew,afew,fewof,afewof,both,bothof,both…and,many,scoresof,dozensof,agreatmany,agoodmany等構(gòu)造通常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，它們作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞Fewofthemhavepassedthee*am.他們之中很少有人通過這次考試。Agoodmanystudentshavetried.很多學(xué)生都試過?！駆ittle,abitof,alittle,much,agood/greatdealof,anamountof等通常修飾不可數(shù)名詞，它們作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Muchhomeworkhastobedonethisafternoon.今天下午有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。Agreatdealofmoneywaswastedontheproject.在這項(xiàng)工程上浪費(fèi)了大量的錢?！癖硎緮?shù)量的number,amount,quantity等的主謂一致情況見下表主語謂語Thenumberof＋名詞單數(shù)形式Anumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式Theamountof＋不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式Aquantityof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式Aquantityof＋不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式Quantitiesof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞／不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式Thequantityof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞／不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis4,380.我校學(xué)生數(shù)為4380人。Anumberofstudentslikeplayingfootball.許多學(xué)生喜歡踢足球。FocusedPractice[A]--情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 01.It________beMary,becauseshehasgoneabroad.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 02.Smartpersonssometimes________makesillymistakes.A.can B.must C.may D.should 03.Liza________wellnotwanttogoonthetrip–shehatestraveling.A.will B.can C.must D.may 04.You________behungryalready–youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 05.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityande*perience,he________better.A.needhavedone B.musthavedone C.canhavedone D.mighthavedone 06.A:I’msorry.I________atyoutheotherday.B:Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout B.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout D.mustn’thaveshouted 07.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetaken B.couldhavetaken C.needn’thavetaken D.mustn’thavetaken動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 08.A:Yourjob________openforyourreturn.B:Thanks.A.willbekept B.willkeep C.hadkept D.hadbeenkept 09.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapiic.Butit________allday.A.rained B.rains C.hasrained D.israining 10.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood,butI________inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstaying B.stayed C.wouldstay D.hadstayed 11.A:Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?B:Yes,Idid.Youknow,mybrother________inthematch.A.isplaying B.wasplaying C.hasplayed D.hadplayed 12.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe________forthewedding.A.hadplanned B.hasplanned C.wouldplan D.willplan 13.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe________eachotherforyears.A.knew B.haveknown C.hadknown D.know 14.A:Haveyougotanyjoboffers?B:No,I________.A.waited B.hadbeenwaiting C.havewaited D.amwaiting 15.A:Areyoustillbusy?B:Yes,I________mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinish B.amjustfinishing C.havejustfinished D.amjustgoingtofinish 16.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt________forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleave B.leaves C.willhaveleft D.left主謂一致17.Nobodybutyou________whathesaid.A.agreeswithB.agreesoutC.agreewithD.agreeto18.Intheingsummerholidays,myfamily________goingtotakeaone-weektriptoQingdao.A.isB.areC.wasD.were19.Class3________winnersinthissportsmeeting.A.is B.are C.was D.thereis 20.Tigersandcats________thesamefamilyofbeasts.A.belong B.belongsto C.belongto D.belongs 21.________ofthemoney________beenusedup.A.Two-third/has B.Two-thirds/has C.Two-third/have D.Two-thirds/have 22.Notonlyhebutalsohisstudents________interestedinthesubject.A.is B.was C.are D.do 23.A:What’sonthedesk,Tom?B:There________alittlewaterintheglassandlots________books.A.are/for B.is/of C.are/of D.is/不填 24.Fiveyears________alongtimetowaitforananswer.A.am B.is C.are D.be 25.TheSelectedPoemsofLiBai________publishedlongago.A.is B.are C.were D.was

FocusedPractice[B]--情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 01.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,you________switchoffyourmobilephoneboarding.A.may B.can C.would D.should 02.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe________notsmokeandhehasneversmokedeversince.A.might B.should C.could D.would 03.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry________beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.A.must B.may C.can D.need 04.A:Mustheetosignthispaperhimself?B:Yes,he________.A.need B.must C.may D.will 05.It________beMary,becauseshehasgoneabroad.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 06.Smartpersonssometimes________makesillymistakes.A.can B.must C.may D.should 07.You________behungryalready–youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 08.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityande*perience,he________better.A.needhavedone B.musthavedone C.canhavedone D.mighthavedone 09.A:I’msorry.I________atyoutheotherday.B:Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout B.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout D.mustn’thaveshouted 10.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetaken B.couldhavetaken C.needn’thavetaken D.mustn’thavetaken動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 11.A:HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?B:Yes,sincehe________theChineseSociety.A.hasjoined B.joins C.hadjoined D.joined 12.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they________theirsalesby20percent.A.willincrease B.havebeenincreasing C.haveincreased D.wouldbeincreasing 13.Idon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook–I________ittoyouthismorning!A.would B.waslending C.hadlent D.lent 14.A:HaveyoureadabookcalledWaitingforAnya?B:Who________it?A.writes B.haswritten C.wrote D.hadwritten 15.He________footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.A.wasplaying B.played C.hasplayed D.hadplayed 16.A:Yourjob________openforyourreturn.B:Thanks.A.willbekept B.willkeep C.hadkept D.hadbeenkept 17.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood,butI________inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstaying B.stayed C.wouldstay D.hadstayed 18.A:Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?B:Yes,Idid.Youknow,mybrother________inthematch.A.isplaying B.wasplaying C.hasplayed D.hadplayed 19.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe________forthewedding.A.hadplanned B.hasplanned C.wouldplan D.willplan 20.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt________forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleave B.leaves C.willhaveleft D.left主謂一致 21.There________anumberofanimalsinthezoo.Thenumberofthem________twothousand.A.is/areB.are/isC.is/isD.are/are 22.A:Anumberofstudents________inthedinninghall.B:Letmecount.Thenumberofthestudents________about400.A.are/is B.is/are C.are/are D.is/is 23.A:What’sonthedesk,Tom?B:There________alittlewaterintheglassandlots________books.A.are/for B.is/of C.are/of D.is/不填 24.Fiveyears________alongtimetowaitforananswer.A.am B.is C.are D.be 25.TheSelectedPoemsofLiBai________publishedlongago.A.is B.are C.were D.was 26.EitherMaryorhe________goingtoParis.Onlyonepersonmaygothere.A.are B.is C.was D.can 27.Nowthestudentseach________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.has B.have C.ishaving D.arehaving 28.Dad,thephoneisringing.IguesseitheryouorMum________onthephone.A.iswanted B.arewanted C.wants D.want

Presentation(2)[A]--情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致綜合測(cè)試

Presentation(2)[B]--情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致綜合測(cè)試

HomeAssignment--情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致單項(xiàng)選擇01.A:I’mgettingfatterandfatter.B:You________toomuchjunkfood.A.can’thaveeaten B.shouldn’thaveeaten C.mustn’thaveeaten D.needn’thaveeaten02.A:Sorry,Iwanttointerruptyouforamoment,Mr.Li.B:Oh,ifyou________.A.can B.should C.must D.oughtto03.A:Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?B:You_______doanythinge*cepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.oughtn’tto B.mustn’t C.don’thaveto D.needto04.Mum,you________havewokenmeupsoearlytoday,forit’sSunday.A.couldn’t B.needn’t C.shouldn’t D.wouldn’t05.He________havepletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.should B.must C.wouldn’t D.can’t06.A:I’vetakensomeone’sgree