利用文本優(yōu)勢變換復(fù)習(xí)策略

—基于文本內(nèi)容二次開發(fā)的單元復(fù)習(xí)Readingiswriting

教科書所編寫的閱讀文章是寫作素材的集散地，是語言現(xiàn)象的展示廳，是語法規(guī)則的剖析室，是文章體裁的示范本。

—德爾文.G.舒伯特關(guān)注文本特征，勾畫語篇結(jié)構(gòu)圖，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生把握宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)的能力定位語篇標(biāo)志，分析段際、句際關(guān)系，強化學(xué)生邏輯思維能力品味優(yōu)美表達(dá)，豐富語言積累，提升學(xué)生寫作能力回歸文章標(biāo)題，解讀其含義和作用，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納主旨理解深義的能力突出語法項目，結(jié)合文本語境，鞏固強化語法知識利用時事資源，圍繞相同話題，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生讀寫整合能力挖掘人文價值、文化因素，群文共讀促進(jìn)學(xué)生知情意行的整體發(fā)展1.段落關(guān)系圖閱讀思維：文章的首段、尾段、每段首句或尾句—段落大意—文本框架結(jié)構(gòu)。題目ThethemeparkyouareprobablymostfamiliarwithisDisneylandTherearevariouskindsofthemeparks,withadifferentparkforalmosteverything:food,culture,science,cartoons,moviesorhistory

Dollywood,inthebeautifulSmokyMountainsinthesoutheasternUSA,isoneofthemostuniquethemeparksintheworld

IfyouwanttoexperiencetheancientdaysandgreatdeedsofEnglishknightsandladies,princesandqueens,thenEngland’sCamelotParkistheplaceforyou第一段總體介紹了主題公園的功能和類別，二、三、四段分別介紹了三個不同的主題公園

P1(2)P2(1)P3(1)P4(1)THEMEPARKS–FUNANDMORETHANFUN(M4U5)

1.段落關(guān)系圖.P1variouskindsofthemeparksP2Disneyland(cartoons)P3

Dollywood(culture)P4CamelotPark(history)

2015北京卷閱讀理解D篇70題

70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

2.主次關(guān)系圖引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找出論點，并找出論證的方式，如舉例論證、比較對比論證、引用名人名言或他人觀點論證等引導(dǎo)學(xué)生尋找topicsentence，并找出支撐topicsentence的details、figures、examplesbeforetheearthquake(sign)Part

duringtheearthquake(damage)

timeorder

aftertheearthquake(rescuework)

ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPtopicsentence

first

second

first

supportinginformationdetails

details/figures

details1(para1)2(para2&3)

3(para4)

part.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Itwasacitywhosehospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsof

cowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillion

pigsandmillionsof

chickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.3.結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容表結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容表格是對文章以提綱挈領(lǐng)和框架結(jié)構(gòu)形式進(jìn)行重組。從三大維度設(shè)置空格：直接信息提取、信息轉(zhuǎn)換、信息概括，即原詞不變、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換、提煉概括。EXAMPLESHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHTHEROADTOMODERNENGLISH

二、定位語篇標(biāo)志，分析段際、句際關(guān)系，強化學(xué)生邏輯思維能力HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

Manymillionsofyearslater,the

firstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthe

later

developmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.

Next,greenplants

begantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.

.Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.

But

theyarenotlookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.

Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.2014年湖南卷SectionCWecanchooseourfriends,butusuallywecannotchooseourneighbors.However,togetahappyhomelife,wehavetogetalongwith

48them

aswellaspossible.Animportantqualityinaneighborisconsiderationfor

49others

.Peopleshouldnotdothings

50which/that

willdisturbtheirneighborsunnecessarily.Forexample,televisionsetsneednotbeplayedatfullvolume(音量）

51and

loudpopmusicshouldnotbeplayedverylateatnight.Byavoidingthingslikelytoupsetyourneighbors,youcanenjoy

52a

friendlyrelationshipwiththem.Anequallyimportantqualityistolerance.Neighborsshoulddoalltheycantoavoiddisturbingotherpeople，

53but

therearetimeswhensomelevelofdisturbanceisunavoidable.

54If/When

neighborswanttogetalongwellwitheachother,theyhavetoshowtheirtolerance.Inthisway,everyonewilllive

55in

peace.三、品位優(yōu)美表達(dá)，豐富語言積累，提升學(xué)生寫作能力近幾年高考書面表達(dá)的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與以往相比要求更高,除了“要點齊全,行文連貫”等之外,還提出了“使用高級詞匯,應(yīng)用較多語法結(jié)構(gòu),嘗試使用較復(fù)雜句式”等更高要求。THELAKEOFHEAVEN

亮點分析：名詞前形容詞的運用，使描述的對象更形象具體。beautiful,mountainousarea,thickforest,rareplantsandanimals,uniqueplantsandanimals,spectacularwaterfalls高級詞匯、詞塊的使用unique,spectacular,reward,varyfrom…to,behometo,agreatdiversityof,arousetheappreciation表達(dá)地道、句式多變：有被動態(tài)itiskeptinitsnaturalstateforthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworldtoenjoy；有倒裝句Amongtherareanimalsarecranes,blackbears,leopardsandtigers；有定語從句thatarousesthegreatestappreciationinthereserve.,thatsurroundTianchi；有條件狀語從句和notonly..butalso句型Whenyouarriveyouarerewardednotonlywiththesightofitsclearwaters,butalsobytheviewoftheothersixteenmountainpeaksthatsurroundTianchi?！糸L白山保持著它的原始狀態(tài)，以供中國人民和世界各地的游客們欣賞?！暨@里地面的高度從海拔700米到2000多米不等?！糸L白山是多種多樣稀有動植物的生長地?！粽湎游镉邪Q、黑熊、豹子和虎?！羧欢Ｗo區(qū)里最令人欣賞的地方則是天池?！裟阋坏竭_(dá)山頂就會得到回報---你不僅可以看到天池那清澈如鏡的湖水，而且還可以看到天池四周的16座山峰?！鬋hangbaishanattractsthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworldbecauseitiskeptinitsnaturalstate.（使用because狀語從句）◆Owingtoitswell-keptnaturalstate,ChangbaishanattractsthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworld.（介詞短語做狀語）◆Changbaishaniskeptinitsnaturalstate,whichattractsthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworld.（使用非限制性定從）◆WhatattractsthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworldisthat.Changbaishaniskeptinitsnaturalstate.(使用主語從句和表語從句)◆ThefactthatChangbaishaniskeptinitsnaturalstateattractsthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworld.(使用同位語從句)◆ItisthefactthatChangbaishaniskeptinitsnaturalstatethatattractsthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworld.(使用強調(diào)句、同位語從句)◆IfChangbaishanweren’tkeptinitsnaturalstate,itwouldnotattractthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworld.(使用虛擬語氣)◆Changbaishaniskeptinitsnaturalstate，attractingthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworld.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語)◆Keptinitsnaturalstate,ChangbaishanattractsthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromallovertheworld.(用過去分詞短語做狀語)五、突出語法項目，結(jié)合文本語境，鞏固語法知識1.分析復(fù)合句，體驗高考題，在文本中理解長難句2.改寫文本，鏈接高考，在語境中領(lǐng)悟語法規(guī)則②形容詞性從句，即定語從句

①名詞性從句③狀語從句

1.分析復(fù)合句，體驗高考題，在文本中理解長難句語言技能讀目標(biāo)(八級)：能通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)理解難句和長句。Howlifebeganontheearth◆Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.（What主語從句、until引起的狀語后又帶了一個when引導(dǎo)的定語從句）◆Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.（so..that句型，it是形式主語，whether引導(dǎo)主語從句）◆Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.（主語從句、表語從句中含有狀語從句）◆Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.（it形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句）◆Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.（主語從句、表語從句）◆Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.（非限制性定從）◆Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.（主語從句）◆Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.（第一個whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，第二個whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句）。2014年重慶卷閱讀理解BTherehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan'thelpputtinganweightastheygetolder,whileothersholdthatiftheystopexercising,theirmuscleswillturnintofat.分析：這是由while連接的表示對比的并列句。While前的分句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其中又包含一個as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。While后的分句中hold=believe，后接that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，賓語從句中含有一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。譯文：有些人認(rèn)為隨著年齡的增長他們自然就會發(fā)胖，而其他人則認(rèn)為如果他們停止了鍛煉，肌肉就會變成脂肪。2014年福建卷閱讀理解DStrangeasitmayseem,ifyou‘reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon’thaveenoughtastes.分析：先跳讀as從句，if從句，忽略破折號后面部分內(nèi)容。本句的主句是theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires，主句中含有一個not…but…結(jié)構(gòu)，不是…而是…破折號后面的句子是notthat…butthat…，也表示不是…而是…主句前Strangeasitmayseem是as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，正常語序為Although/thoughitmayseemstrange.ifyou'reunsatisfied是條件狀語從句。譯文：很奇怪，如果你不滿意，問題不是你缺乏實現(xiàn)愿望的方法，而是缺乏愿望---不是你不能滿足你的品位，而是你沒有足夠的品位。2.改寫文本，鏈接高考，在語境中領(lǐng)悟語法規(guī)則梳理語篇內(nèi)容在語境中鞏固、強化語法知識Bodylanguage（非謂語動詞）YesterdayI,representing

ourstudentassociation,wenttomeetsomeinternationalstudentsattheCapitalAirport.

Beingcurious

aboutculturalbodylanguage,Iwatchedthemgreeting

eachothercarefully.WhenTonymetJulia,heapproachedher,touched

hershoulderandkissedheronthecheek.However,Juliasteppedbackandputupherhands,asif

defending

herself.Whenintroduced

toAkira,GeorgereachedouthishandtoAkirawhileAkirabowedtohim,sohisnosetouchedGeorge’s

moving

hand.WhenDarlenecame

dashingthroughthedoor,sherecognizedTony’ssmilingfaceandtheygreetedeachotherbyshakinghandsandkissingeachotheronthecheek.Ahmed,whowasfromJordan,shookhandswithmen.Butwhenhemetgirls,hesimplystoodthere,

nodding

atthem.Bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.Peoplefromsomecountriesar