專題十二構(gòu)詞法名詞后綴1．動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝；慶祝會conclude→conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discuss→discussion討論；辯論decide→decision決定admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)attract→attraction吸引invite→invitation邀請；請柬explain→explanation解釋graduate→graduation畢業(yè)expect→expectation期望；期待-er/-ordrive→driver司機(jī)；駕駛員gather→gatherer收集者；采集者conduct→conductor指揮；售票員teach→teacher老師announce→announcer播音員-mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement功績；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對待；治療equip→equipment裝備；設(shè)備govern→government政府-ance/-enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)perform→performance表演；節(jié)目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考；查閱-inghear→hearing聽力；聽覺begin→beginning開頭；開端-ure/-turefail→failure失敗；沒做到press→pressure壓力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure離開；出發(fā)-yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢grow→growth生長；增加weigh→weight重量2.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private→privacy隱私；私密-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-encedifferent→difference差異silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意-thstrong→strength力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)warm→warmth溫暖；熱情-y-ty-ityhonest→honesty誠實(shí)difficult→difficulty困難cruel→cruelty殘酷；殘暴safe→safety安全disable→disability無能；傷殘responsible→responsibility責(zé)任[命題點(diǎn)感悟]單句語法填空①(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreased________(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.解析：pollutiondecrease“降低，減少”，為及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語，故填名詞pollution。②(2018·浙江6月高考)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein________(weigh)problems.解析：weight根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示體重方面的問題，故此處填名詞作定語。③(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.解析：introduction根據(jù)空格前面的定冠詞the可知此處需要填名詞。withtheintroductionof表示“隨著……的引進(jìn)”。④(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate)．解析：education空格前面有形容詞性物主代詞her，此處應(yīng)該使用動詞educate的名詞形式education。⑤(2016·浙江10月高考)Magically,thatshowremainstheGreatJason'sbest________(perform)tothisday.解析：performance根據(jù)前面的show可知此處需要填名詞?！斑@是GreatJason's迄今最好的表演”。形容詞、副詞后綴1.動詞、名詞變形容詞的常見后綴后綴例詞-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的fort→fortable舒適的fashion→fashionable時(shí)髦的suit→suitable合適的reason→reasonable有道理的-almusic→musical音樂的origin→original最初的person→personal個(gè)人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的-fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的-edscare→scared感到恐懼的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下劃線的-ingsurprise→surprising令人驚異的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人滿意的-ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-iveact→active積極的；活躍的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的-ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety→anxious憂慮的caution→cautious十分小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的-somecuriosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的tire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的-erneast→eastern東方的；向東的-ishchild→childish孩子氣的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的2.形容詞變副詞的后綴在形容詞后加-ly可變成相應(yīng)意義的副詞直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地slow→slowly緩慢地改y為-ilyhappy→happily高興地easy→easily容易地去e加-lytrue→truly真誠地；確實(shí)possible→possibly可能地[命題點(diǎn)感悟]單句語法填空①(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatis________(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.解析：actually此處用副詞作狀語修飾系動詞is。②(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)However,be_________(care)nottogotoextremes.解析：careful此處表示“小心不要走極端”。根據(jù)語境和be可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞careful作表語。③(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Itis_____________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.解析：certainly此處應(yīng)該使用副詞形式作狀語，修飾“fun”。④(2017·江蘇高考改編)OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smart-phonesdefeated________(convention)PCsinsales.解析：conventional句意：僅僅在史蒂夫·喬布斯去世五年后，智能的銷售額就打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個(gè)人電腦。由空格后的名詞“PCs”可知，應(yīng)填形容詞形式conventional，表示“傳統(tǒng)的”。⑤(2016·浙江10月高考)Ilooked________(quick)attheclock.解析：quickly根據(jù)looked可知此處應(yīng)該使用副詞。⑥(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe__________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.解析：officially此處表示(大使)這個(gè)頭銜將在倫敦的一個(gè)儀式上正式授予給我，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)該使用副詞officially作狀語修飾動詞given。⑦(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks____________(regular)．解析：regularly此處需要用副詞形式修飾動詞短語“takeshortbreaks”。⑧(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)As__________(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.解析：natural此處需要用形容詞形式作定語修飾后面的名詞architects。[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theyhadbothbeensentencedtodeath(die)．2．Thegirlthenplantsakissonthegrassinaheart-warmingshowofaffection(affect)．3．Myapplication(apply)wassuccessfulandIspentanenjoyablemonthlearningfilm-making.4．Perhapshecanmakehis_fortune_(fortunate)atfootball.5．IreallyneededSnow,becauseitwasgoodformyrecovery(recover)．6．Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.Unfortunately(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.7．Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeisuseless(use)．8．Therearesomanydifferentlabelsonfoodnowadays.Theyarenotonlyconfusing(confuse)butalsomisleading.9．Disappointed(disappoint)asIfeltattheshabbycampusandthepoorly-equippedclassroom,Ifoundtheteacherspatient.10．Similarly(similar),peopleprefermoviesthatreflecttheirmood.11．Ihavereadlotsofinspiring(inspire)storiesofkindness.12．Inordertomakemyselfunderstood,Itoldhimhowtogothereasclearly(clear)aspossible.13．Shealwaysspokekindly(kind)tothechildren.14．I'mlookingforwardtoyourkindlyreplyatyourearliestconvenience(convenient)．15．Evenclosestfriendshavequarrels,sodon'ttakeittooseriously(serious)．Ⅱ.語法填空BriisajunioratMarquetteUniversitystudyingSocialWelfareandJustice.She__1__(original)camefromMontereyPark,California.Briandherfoursiblings__2__(adopt)byhertwolovingparentsatayoungage.Herparentsareamainsourceofher__3__(inspire)toexploretheworldandmeetdifferentpeople.Briisalways__4__independentgirlandmovedawayfromhomeforcollege__5__(experience)adifferentatmosphere.ShewenttoMilwaukeeby__6__(she)withoutevenvisitingthecity.Shesaid,“Marquettejustfeltrighttome.”ItisnosurprisethatBribegantoget__7__(involve)inmanystudentorganizationswhenshearrivedinMarquette.HerfaithguidedhertojointheMidnightRunteamandworkatCampusMinistry.MidnightRunisanorganizationled__8__studentsandprovidesservicesforthehomelessandtheimpoverishedpopulationofMilwaukee.Briquicklytookontheleadershiproleofco-coordinator.BrialsotookpartinJustice,astudentorganization__9__studentsadvocateforchangeinsocialjusticeissuesinMilwaukee.Throughvolunteeringatmultiplel