混合機(jī)動(dòng)車交通流對(duì)公交行程時(shí)間可靠性影響研究摘要

混合交通既包括公共交通工具，也包括機(jī)動(dòng)車輛，其中擁堵現(xiàn)象是影響交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的重要因素。本研究從交通工具行駛速度、交通流密度等因素入手，以公交車的行程時(shí)間可靠性為評(píng)估指標(biāo)，研究混合交通模式下公交車的行程時(shí)間可靠性，并分析機(jī)動(dòng)車交通流對(duì)行程時(shí)間可靠性的影響。研究采用了交通仿真軟件VISSIM來(lái)模擬交通流，以公交車作為研究對(duì)象，運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)仿真數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析，并探討了混合交通下公交車運(yùn)行時(shí)間的優(yōu)化策略。結(jié)果表明，混合交通下公交車的平均行程時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，行程時(shí)間可靠性也更低；機(jī)動(dòng)車交通流的密度越大，公交車的行程時(shí)間可靠性越低；而通過(guò)合理的交通信號(hào)控制和車道分配策略可以有效提高公交車的行程時(shí)間可靠性。因此，本文提出了加強(qiáng)公交車專用通道、優(yōu)化道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)水平、優(yōu)化交通信號(hào)控制及滴滴代駕、共享單車等智慧交通手段，推進(jìn)城市交通智能化建設(shè)的建議。

關(guān)鍵詞:混合交通；公交車；行程時(shí)間可靠性；VISSIM模擬；優(yōu)化策略。

Abstract

Mixedtrafficincludesbothpublictransportvehiclesandmotorvehicles,andcongestionisanimportantfactoraffectingthetransportationnetwork.Inthispaper,startingfromfactorssuchasthespeedoftransportationvehiclesandtrafficflowdensity,thereliabilityofbustraveltimeinmixedtrafficmodeisevaluated,andtheinfluenceofmotorvehicletrafficflowontraveltimereliabilityisanalyzed.ThestudyusesthetrafficsimulationsoftwareVISSIMtosimulatetrafficflow,andusesstatisticalmethodstoanalyzesimulationdataforpublicbusesastheresearchobject,andexploretheoptimizationstrategyforoperatingtimeforpublicbusesinmixedtraffic.Theresultsshowthattheaveragetraveltimeofpublicbusesinmixedtrafficislongerandthetraveltimereliabilityislower;thehigherthetrafficflowdensityofmotorvehicles,thelowerthetraveltimereliabilityofpublicbuses;andthroughreasonabletrafficsignalcontrolandlaneallocationstrategiescaneffectivelyimprovethetraveltimereliabilityofpublicbuses.Therefore,thispaperproposesrecommendationssuchasstrengtheningdedicatedlanesforpublicbuses,optimizingroadnetworkhierarchy,optimizingtrafficsignalcontrol,andsmarttransportationmethodssuchasDididrivingandsharedbicycles,andpromotingintelligentconstructionofurbantransportation.

Keywords:mixedtraffic;publicbuses;traveltimereliability;VISSIMsimulation;optimizationstrategyInmixedtraffic,publicbusesoftensufferfromtheproblemoftraveltimereliability,whichmeansthattheirarrivaltimeatacertainstopcannotbepredictedaccurately.Thisissuenotonlyaffectsthequalityofserviceofpublicbusesbutalsoreducestheattractivenessofpublictransportation,leadingtodecreasedridership.Therefore,itisessentialtoimprovethetraveltimereliabilityofpublicbuses.

Oneofthemosteffectivestrategiestoenhancetraveltimereliabilityistoprovidededicatedlanesforpublicbuses.Thiscanhelptoseparatethemfromtheothermixedtraffic,whichwillminimizetheirinteractionswithothervehiclesandensurethattheyreachtheirdestinationontime.Moreover,thededicatedlanescanalsoincreasethespeedofpublicbuses,whichwillmakethemmoreattractiveforpassengers.

Anotherstrategyistooptimizetheroadnetworkhierarchy.Whendesigningtheroadnetwork,certainroadsshouldbeprioritizedforpublicbusestotravelon.Theseroadscanbedesignatedasarterialroads,whichwillallowpublicbusestotravelfasterandmoreefficiently.Otherroads,suchaslocalroads,canbedesignatedforgeneraltraffic.Thisapproachwillhelptosegregatepublicbusesfromgeneraltraffic,improvingtraveltimereliability.

Optimizingtrafficsignalcontrolcanalsohelptoenhancetraveltimereliabilityforpublicbuses.Thisinvolvesadjustingthesignalstoprioritizepublicbuseswhentheyapproachtheintersections.Implementinganadaptivetrafficsignalcontrolsystemcanalsobeeffective,whichcanadjustthesignaltimingsbasedontheactualtrafficflow.

Smarttransportationmethods,suchasDididrivingandsharedbicycles,cancomplementpublictransportationandimprovetraveltimereliability.Dididrivingcanprovideanalternativeforpassengersduringpeakhourswhenpublicbusesareovercrowded,whilesharedbicyclescanprovidealast-milesolutionforpassengerstoreachtheirfinaldestination.

Finally,topromotetheintelligentconstructionofurbantransportation,itisessentialtointegratenewtechnologiesintothetransportationsystem,suchasadvancedtrafficsimulationsoftwarelikeVISSIM.Thiscanhelptooptimizetheroadnetworkdesignandimprovepublictransportationservices.Itisalsonecessarytopromotepublictransportationasapriorityforurbanplanning,whichcanhelptoensurethatpublictransportationisdesignedtomeettheneedsofthecity'sresidents.

Inconclusion,enhancingthetraveltimereliabilityofpublicbusesinmixedtrafficiscrucial.Strengtheningdedicatedlanesforpublicbuses,optimizingroadnetworkhierarchy,optimizingtrafficsignalcontrol,andpromotingintelligentconstructionofurbantransportationarepracticalstrategiesforachievingthisgoal.Byimplementingtheserecommendations,itispossibletoimprovethequalityofpublictransportationservicesandpromotesustainableurbantransportationAnotherpracticalstrategyforimprovingtraveltimereliabilityofpublicbusesinmixedtrafficistopromotetheuseofnewtechnologiessuchasintelligenttransportationsystems(ITS)andreal-timedataanalysis.ITScanprovidereal-timetrafficinformation,includingtrafficcongestion,accidents,roadclosures,andconstructionsites,tobothpublicbusoperatorsandpassengers.Thisinformationcanbeusedtooptimizepublicbusroutesandschedules,avoidingcongestionandreducingtraveltime.Real-timedataanalysiscanalsohelppublicbusoperatorstoidentifypatternsandtrendsinpublicbusridership,enablingthemtomakeinformeddecisionsregardingrouteplanningandserviceprovision.

Moreover,improvingthephysicalinfrastructureofpublictransportationfacilities,suchasbusstopsandterminals,canalsoenhancetraveltimereliability.Byprovidingadequateseating,shelter,lighting,andsignage,publicbusriderscanwaitcomfortablyandsafelyfortheirbusarrivals.Additionally,theconstructionofwell-designedbusrapidtransit(BRT)systemscansignificantlyreducetraveltimeforpublicbusesinmixedtraffic.BRTgenerallyinvolvesthecreationofdedicatedlanesforpublicbuses,givingthempriorityoverothervehiclesontheroad.Thisdedicatedlaneinfrastructureincreasesthespeedandreliabilityofpublicbusservices,makingthemmoreattractivetopotentialriders.

Theimplementationofacomprehensivetransportationdemandmanagement(TDM)programcanalsocontributetoreducingcongestionandimprovingtraveltimereliability.TDMprogramsincludeavarietyofstrategiesaimedatreducingsingle-occupancyvehicletravelandpromotingalternativemodesoftransportation,suchaspublictransit,cycling,andwalking.Thiscanincludeincentivesforcarpooling,promotionofteleworkingorflexibleworkinghours,andtheprovisionofbike-sharingprograms.Byreducingthenumberofsingle-occupancyvehiclesontheroad,congestioncanbesignificantlyreduced,andtraveltimereliabilityforpublicbusescanbeenhanced.

Inconclusion,enhancingtraveltimereliabilityforpublicbusesinmixedtrafficisessentialforimprovingthequalityofpublictransportationservicesandpromotingsustainableurbantransportation.Theimplementationofdedicatedlanes,optimizationoftrafficsignalcontrol,promotionofintelligentconstructionofurbantransportation,theuseofnewtechnologies,improvementstophysicalinfrastructure,theconstructionofBRT,andtheimplementationofTDMprogramsareallpracticalstrategiesthatcanbeemployedtoachievethisgoal.Byworkingtogethertoimplementthesemeasures,wecanensurethatpublicbusesareaviableandreliablemodeoftransportationforresidentsandvisitorsalikeInadditiontothestrategiesmentionedabove,thereareotherpotentialsolutionstoimprovetheperformance,accessibility,andsustainabilityofpublicbuses.

Onesuchsolutionistheimplementationofbusrapidtransit(BRT)systems.BRTisahigh-capacityandefficientformofpublictransportationthatoperatesindedicatedlanes,justlikealightrailorsubwaysystem,butwithalowerupfrontcost.BRTsystemstypicallyfeaturemodernbusesthatarefaster,morecomfortable,andmorereliablethanconventionalbuses,andwithstationsthatdonotrequirethepaymentoffaresorticketsbeforeboarding.BRTsystemshavebeensuccessfullyimplementedinmanycitiesaroundtheworld,suchasBogota,Curitiba,Jakarta,andGuangzhou.

Anothersolutionistheadoptionofintelligenttransportationsystems(ITS)andnewtechnologies,suchaselectricandhybridbuses,GPStracking,andmobileapplications.ITScanhelptooptimizetheoperationofbusesandimprovethecommunicationandintegrationbetweenbusesandothermodesoftransportation,suchastrains,taxis,bicycles,andwalking.Forexample,ITScanbeusedtoprovidereal-timeinformationaboutbusschedules,routes,anddelays,tohelppassengersplantheirtripsandavoidwaitingandqueuing.Newtechnologies,suchaselectricandhybridbuses,canreducetheenvironmentalimpactofpublicbusesandenhancetheirenergyefficiency.

Athirdsolutionisthepromotionofalternativeandsustainablemodesoftransportationthatcomplementandsupportpublicbuses,suchascycling,walking,carpooling,andride-hailing.Transportationdemandmanagement(TDM)programscanencourageandincentivizepeopletousethesemodesoftransportation,byofferingincentivessuchasdiscounts,rewards,andpreferentialtreatment.TDMprogramscanalsopromotethedesignanddevelopmentofcompactandmixed-usecommunitiesthataremoreconducivetosustainableandactivetransportation.

Finally,thereisaneedtoensurethatpublicbusesareaffordable,accessible,andequitableforallmembersofsociety,regardlessoftheirincome,ability,orlocation.Thisrequirestheprovisionofadequatefunding,subsidies,andincentivesforpublictransportation,aswellastheeliminationofphysical,mental,andsocialbarriersthatpreventordiscouragepeoplefromusingpublicbuses.Examplesofsuchbarriers