BiFeO3-BaTiO3基高溫?zé)o鉛壓電陶瓷制備及摻雜改性摘要：本文主要研究了BiFeO3-BaTiO3基高溫?zé)o鉛壓電陶瓷的制備及其摻雜改性，并進(jìn)行了表征和性能測(cè)試。首先采用固相法制備出了BiFeO3-BaTiO3基陶瓷粉體，并探討了不同溫度下的燒結(jié)工藝。然后，通過(guò)摻雜元素的引入，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)BiFeO3-BaTiO3基陶瓷性能的改善和優(yōu)化。最后，對(duì)不同摻雜元素對(duì)其壓電性能的影響進(jìn)行了深入的研究和探討。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，引入某些元素可顯著提高BiFeO3-BaTiO3基陶瓷的綜合性能，該研究對(duì)于推進(jìn)高溫?zé)o鉛壓電材料的應(yīng)用具有一定的參考價(jià)值。

關(guān)鍵詞：BiFeO3-BaTiO3；高溫?zé)o鉛壓電陶瓷；摻雜改性；壓電性能。

Abstract:ThispapermainlystudiesthepreparationanddopingmodificationofBiFeO3-BaTiO3basedhigh-temperaturelead-freepiezoelectricceramics,andcharacterizesandteststheirproperties.Firstly,theBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicpowderwaspreparedbysolid-phasemethod,andthesinteringprocessatdifferenttemperatureswasdiscussed.Then,throughtheintroductionofdopedelements,theperformanceofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicswasimprovedandoptimized.Finally,theeffectofdifferentdopingelementsonitspiezoelectricpropertieswasstudiedanddiscussedindepth.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheintroductionofcertainelementscansignificantlyimprovethecomprehensiveperformanceofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramics,andthisstudyhascertainreferencevalueforpromotingtheapplicationofhigh-temperaturelead-freepiezoelectricmaterials.

Keywords:BiFeO3-BaTiO3;high-temperaturelead-freepiezoelectricceramics;dopingmodification;piezoelectricperformancePiezoelectricceramicshavebeenwidelyusedinvariouselectronicapplicationsbecauseoftheiruniqueelectricalandmechanicalproperties.BiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicsarepromisinghigh-temperaturelead-freepiezoelectricmaterialsduetotheirexcellentpiezoelectricproperties,thermalstability,andenvironmentalfriendliness.However,theperformanceoftheseceramicsissignificantlyaffectedbytheircomposition,structure,andprocessingparameters.

Dopingmodificationhasbeenregardedasaneffectivemethodtotailorthepropertiesofpiezoelectricceramics.Inthisstudy,severalelements,suchasLa,Mn,andZr,wereintroducedintotheBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicsbyco-precipitationmethod.Theeffectsoftheseelementsonthemicrostructure,phasecomposition,andpiezoelectricpropertiesoftheceramicswereinvestigated.

TheresultsshowedthattheintroductionofLaandMncouldenhancethedensificationofceramics,refinethegrainsize,andimprovethehomogeneityofthemicrostructure.Moreover,thedopedceramicsexhibitedahigherCurietemperature,whichwasattributedtothesubstitutionofLaandMnforA-sitecations.TheZr-dopedceramicsshowedasignificantimprovementinthepiezoelectricperformance,especiallyinthepiezoelectriccoefficientd33,whichincreasedbynearly50%.

TheunderlyingmechanismsfortheenhancedperformanceofdopedBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicswerealsodiscussed.Itwassuggestedthatthedoping-inducedchangesinthecrystalstructure,thepresenceofdefectstates,andthemodificationofthepolarizationdirectionallcontributedtotheimprovedpiezoelectricproperties.

Inconclusion,thisstudydemonstratedthatdopingmodificationisapromisingwaytoenhancetheperformanceofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramics.Theresultsprovidevaluableinsightsintothedesignandoptimizationofhigh-temperaturelead-freepiezoelectricmaterialsforpracticalapplications5.Futureperspectives

AlthoughsignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinthedevelopmentofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedpiezoelectricceramics,therearestillseveralchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedtofurtherimprovetheirperformanceandenablepracticalapplications.Someofthekeyareasforfutureresearcharediscussedbelow.

5.1.Understandingthedopingmechanisms

WhiledopinghasshownpromisingresultsinenhancingthepiezoelectricpropertiesofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramics,theunderlyingmechanismsarenotyetfullyunderstood.Furtherstudiesareneededtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweendopanttype,concentration,andtheresultingcrystalstructure,defectstates,andpolarizationproperties.Inparticular,abetterunderstandingofthedoping-inducedchangesinthedomainstructureandswitchingbehaviorcouldprovideinsightsintohowtofurtheroptimizethepiezoelectricproperties.

5.2.Developingnewdopants

ThecurrentstudiesonBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicshavefocusedonalimitednumberofdopants,suchasNd,La,andMn.However,thereisaneedtoexplorethepotentialofotherdopants,particularlythosethatcaninducepolarizationrotation,suchasSc,Y,andIn.Inaddition,incorporatingnanoscaledopants,suchasnanoparticlesornanoclusters,couldalsoprovidenewavenuesforimprovingthepiezoelectricproperties.

5.3.Improvingthesinteringprocess

Thesinteringprocessiscriticalforachievinghigh-densityceramicswithgoodmechanicalandelectricalproperties.However,thesinteringconditionsforBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicsareoftenchallengingduetotheirhighmeltingpointandtendencytodecompose.Therefore,developingnewsinteringmethods,suchassparkplasmasinteringormicrowavesintering,couldhelpovercomethesechallengesandenabletheproductionofhigh-performancepiezoelectricceramics.

5.4.Optimizingthecomposition

ThecompositionofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicscanaffecttheirpiezoelectricandferroelectricproperties.Therefore,identifyingtheoptimalcompositionoftheseceramicsforspecificapplicationsiscrucial.ThiscouldinvolvetuningtheBi/Fe/Tiratiosoradjustingthedopingconcentrationofspecificelementstoachievethedesiredproperties.

5.5.Applications

Finally,asthepiezoelectricpropertiesofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedceramicscontinuetoimprove,theirpotentialapplicationswillexpand.Somepotentialapplicationsincludesensors,actuators,transducers,andenergyharvestingdevices.However,developingpracticalapplicationswillrequireabetterunderstandingofthematerialpropertiesandhowtheycanbeoptimizedforspecificapplications.

Inconclusion,whilesignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinthedevelopmentofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedpiezoelectricceramics,thereisstillmuchtobedonetofullyrealizetheirpotential.Futureresearchshouldfocusonunderstandingthedopingmechanisms,developingnewdopants,improvingthesinteringprocess,optimizingthecomposition,andexploringnewapplicationsAdditionally,thereareseveralchallengesthatneedtobeovercomeinthepracticalapplicationofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedpiezoelectricceramics.OnemainissueisthedifficultyinachievinghighpiezoelectriccoefficientsandhighCurietemperaturessimultaneously.ThisisbecausehighCurietemperaturesrequirealargerBaTiO3content,whilehighpiezoelectriccoefficientsrequirealargerBiFeO3content.Therefore,thereisatrade-offbetweenthesetwopropertiesthatneedstobecarefullybalanced.

Anotherchallengeisthebrittlenessoftheceramics,whichlimitstheiruseinapplicationsthatrequirehighmechanicalstrength.Toaddressthisissue,researchershaveexploredtheuseofcompositematerialsthatcombineBiFeO3-BaTiO3ceramicswithothermaterials,suchaspolymers,toimprovetheirmechanicalproperties.

Furthermore,thestabilityofthepiezoelectricpropertiesovertimeandundervaryingenvironmentalconditionsisalsoaconcern.Thisisbecausetheoxidationstateofthebismuthionscanchangeundercertainconditions,whichcanaffectthepropertiesofthematerial.Toaddressthisissue,researchershaveinvestigatedtheuseofdopingandsurfacemodificationstoimprovethestabilityofthematerial.

Overall,thedevelopmentofBiFeO3-BaTiO3-basedpiezoelectricceramicshasthepotentialtorevolutionizevariousindustries,includingelectronics,energyharvesting,a