第八章各分部分項工程的施工方案8.1土建施工方案ingConstructionScheme8.1.1工程測量Surveying，該工程的測量控制網(wǎng)按照“從整體到局部，高精度控制低Inordertomeetthecharacteristicsofconstruction,thesurveycontrolnetworksoftheprojecthavethreelevelsfromhightolowinaccordancewiththeprinciple“Fromthewholetothepart;Highprecisioncontrolslowprecision”.Controlnetworksatalllevelsllsystem建筑物占地面積超大，這對軸線控制網(wǎng)的布設和投測帶來難度，需要充分利用高精度電子全站儀進行軸線控制網(wǎng)的布設及細部測量放線，鋼尺作為輔助；軸線投Asthebuildingsoccupyalargearea,whichbringsdifficultytothelayoutdesignandmeasurementoftheaxiscontrolnetwork,theelectronictotalstationwithhighprecisionshouldbeusedtolaythenetworkanddodetailedsurveywithsteelrulersasassistivedevices.Whentransferofbuildinglinesisconducted,instrumentsshouldbeerectedoningstominimizemeasuringerrors(1)、測量儀器檢定：本工程使用的所用測量儀器及工具(包括專業(yè)分包的測量儀器)均應經(jīng)國家計量單位檢校合格并在有效時間之內。thoseusedinprofessionalsubcontracts)shouldbeexaminedandcalibratedbythe(2)、校核圖紙：總圖校核，包括建筑物定位依據(jù)及條件；校核建筑圖、結構(2)Checkingdrawings:Checkthegeneraldrawing,includingthepositionbasisandconditionsofbuildings;Checkwhetherarchitecturaldrawings,structuraldrawingsand(3)、根據(jù)建筑總平面要求，對規(guī)劃勘測部門提供的坐標點和水準點進行復核，benchmarksgivenbyPlanningSurveymentsofthebuildinggenerallayoutandccuracyofengineeringsurveying(4)、施測用輔助材料如標高控制樁油漆、麻線等提前準備到位。(4)Auxiliarymeasuringmaterialsshouldbepreparedinadvanceinplace,suchaswineetc(5)、測量儀器及人員準備：成立測量組組長，負責整個工程的測量與驗線工(5)Preparationofmeasuringinstrumentsandpersonnel:AppointateamleaderinlinesofthewholeprojectPersonneleparingthemeasurementprogramworkinstructions,doinginteriormanagement,collectingandcheckingtheconstructionecontrolnetworkandtheheightnetGroupforsettingbuildinglines:6persons,responsibleformeasurementandsettingout.Groupforcheckingbuildinglines:3persons,responsibleforcheckingandaccepting控制系統(tǒng)的建立平面控制網(wǎng)是土建、鋼結構、機電安裝、沉降及變形觀測施工測量的依據(jù)，也是監(jiān)理等各檢測單位復查的基準。布網(wǎng)原則：遵循“從整體到局部，先控制后碎部”的原則。布網(wǎng)要求：各級平面控制點可靠、穩(wěn)定、使用方便；通視條件好，檢校方便，滿足施工精度要求。由于該工程量巨大，而且工況復雜，因而必須設置多級平面控制網(wǎng)，而且各級控制網(wǎng)之間必須形成有機的整體。由此本工程建立三級平面控Thehorizontalcontrolnetworkistheconstructionsurveyingbasisforcivilengineering,steelstructures,mechanicalandelectricalinstallation,subsidenceanddeformationobservations,anditisalsothecheckingbenchmarkforthesupervisingunitandotherdetectionunits.Theprincipleforsettingthenetworkis“Fromthewholetothepart;firstcontrolandthensmasheachpart”.Therequirementsforsettingthenetworkareasfollows:horizontalcontrolpointsatalllevelsshouldbereliable,stableandeasytouse;thepointsshouldhavegoodintervisibility,canbecheckedconvenientlyandmeettheconstructionaccuracyrequirements.Duetothelargeworkamountandcomplexworkingconditions,multi-levelhorizontalcontrolnetworksshouldbesetupandnetworksatalllevelsmustformanorganicwhole.Theprojectsetsupathree-levellcontrolnetwork首級平面控制網(wǎng)是在業(yè)主提供的一級坐標點(其坐標見下表)基礎上，根據(jù)建asedonthecoordinatepointsethefollowingtableInlinewiththegenerallayoutpositioningmap,areliableconstructioncontrolnetwork,freefromtheinfluenceofsestablished該控制網(wǎng)作為首級平面控制網(wǎng)，它是二級平面控制網(wǎng)建立和復核的唯一依據(jù),也是幕墻裝修測量、機電安裝測量、沉降及變形觀測的唯一依據(jù)，在整個工程施工期間，必須保證這個控制網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定可靠。該控制點的設置位置選擇在穩(wěn)定可靠處，用水泥鋼釘打入硬化路面，作為標記，并用紅油漆標注。若是未硬化處，要澆注混凝Thisnetwork,astheoneattheprimarylevel,istheonlybasisfortheestablishmentofthehorizontalcontrolnetworkatthesecondarylevel,checkingwork,themeasurementofcurtainwalldecorationandmechanicalandelectricalinstallation,andtheobservationofsubsidenceanddeformation.Intheconstructionprocess,thestabilityandreliabilityofthecontrolnetworkmustbeensured.Sothecontrolpointshouldbesetatastableandreliableplace.Concretenailsshouldbedrivenintothehardenedroadsurfaceasamarkandtheplaceshouldbepaintedred.Intheeventthattheplaceisnotvedevicesshouldbeset根據(jù)總平面定位圖及現(xiàn)場場地實際情況，我們根據(jù)坐標點，沿著建筑物周圍建立首級平面控制網(wǎng)。依據(jù)工程進度定期(結構施工階段每月一次)對該控制網(wǎng)點進。首級平面控制網(wǎng)如下圖：Inaccordancewiththegenerallayoutpositioningmapandthepracticalsituationoftheworksite,thehorizontalcontrolnetworkattheprimarylevelshouldbeestablishedaroundthebuildingsbasedoncoordinatepoints.Basedontheprogressoftheproject,observeandcomparethecontrolnetworkregularly(onceamonthintheconstructionperiod)andrepairthedamagedcontrolpointstimely.Thehorizontalcontrolnetworkatownbelowinthefigure二級平面控制網(wǎng)的布網(wǎng)以首級平面控制網(wǎng)為依據(jù)，布置在施工現(xiàn)場以內相對可靠處，用于為受破壞可能性較大的下一級平面控制網(wǎng)的恢復提供基準，同時也可直Theestablishmentisbasedonthehorizontalcontrolnetworkattheprimarylevel.Thenetworkatthesecondarylevelshouldbesetupatarelativelyreliableplaceinsidetheconstructionsite.Itisusedforprovidingthebasisfortherestoringworkofthetionthecontrolpointsofthenetworkatthesecondarylevelcanbeuseddirectlyformeasurement.Thehorizontalcontrolnetworkatthesecondarylevelshouldincludethemainaxesofbuildingsandformaclosedfigure.法”進行軸線的豎向傳遞，1~2層的直接根據(jù)二級平面控制網(wǎng)用“外控法”。Thehorizontalcontrolnetworkatthethirdlevelisplannedtobeestablishedintheofficeson1~3flooraboveground.Onthethirdfloor,axesarepassedverticallyby“internalcontrolmethod”usinglaserplummetapparatus.Onthefirstandthesecondfloors,“externalcontrolmethod”isusedbasedonthehorizontalcontrolnetworkatthesecondarylevel.的軸線進行聯(lián)測。所選擇的傳遞點位盡量拉開距離，以保證測量精度，并且點位傳Onthefirstfloor,2~4internalcontrolpointsshouldbemadeineachsegmentinaccordancewiththeplaneshape,structureandareaoftheconstructionsegment,andtheconstructionsequence.Thepipelinestagethatwillbeinconstructionfirstshouldshouldbemeasuredwiththeaxesthatwillbeinconstructionfirst.Thedistancebetweendeliveringpointsselectedshouldbeasmuchaspossibletoensuretheaccuracyofbility35mm35rs首先將激光垂準儀安置在已作好的控制點上，對中整平后，儀器發(fā)射激光束，使靶交點與圓圈中點重合，此時固定靶位，接收靶中心即控制點位置。投測時測量First,putthelaserplummetatthecontrolpointsthathavealreadybeensettled.Indirectlygoingtothelaserreceivingtarget.Theoperatorofthelaserplummetshouldadjustthelaserpointtotheminimumandthebrightestandthenturntheinstrument,thusmakingthelaserpointformingcirclesonthelaserreceivingtarget.Oncetheoperatorofthelaserreceivingtargetseesthelight,hemovesthereceivingtarget,makestheintersectioncoincidewiththemidpointofthecircleandthenfixesthereceivingtarget.Thecenterofthereceivingtargetisthenthecontrolpoint.Whenmeasuring,the8.1.2降水工程。Intheproject,openchannelsshouldbedugaroundbuildings.Lightwellpoint(1)Filtertubes:Φ38-55mm,seamlesssteeltubesorgalvanizedpipeswithawallthicknessof3.0mmandalengthofabout2.0m.Oneendofthetubesshouldbeweldedwithsteelplateswithathicknessof4.0mm.Intherangeof1.4matthisend,mallroundholesinthetubewallThedistancebetweenholesismmTubesshouldbewrappedbytwolayersofstrainersmadeofwovenandthenbewrappedbyonelayerofnylonmeshwithbiggermeshes.No.10galvanizedwireisusedtobindthetubeatintervalsof50-60mm.Theotherendoffiltertubesshouldbeconnectedwithwell-pointpipes.teeltubesorgalvanizedpipeswithawallthicknessof3.0mm.(3)連接管：透明管或膠皮管與井點管和總管連接，采用8號鉛絲綁扎，應扎緊(3)Connectingpipes:Transparenttubesorrubbertubesbeingconnectedwithwell-pointpipesandheaderpipesareboundbyNo.8galvanizedwiretopreventair(4)Headerpipes:Φ75-102mmsteeltubeswithawallthicknessof4mmbeing機組配件和水箱。(5)Pumpingequipments:Provideacentrifugalpump,avacuumpumporajetpumpaccordancewiththedesign(6)Mobileequipments:Homemademobilederrick(usevibrorackoldequipments)andawinchwiththetractionof6t.shocktubesmmsteeltubeswithalengthofm(8)Hydraulicmonitors:Φ50×5mmseamlesssteeltubes.AΦ16mmheadnozzleiswiththehighpressurehosedbeaboveMPa(10)Highpressurewaterpumps:100TSW---7highpressurecentrifugalpumps,equippedwithapressuregaugefordownholetubes.Coarsesandandpisoliteshouldbeused.Nomediumsandorfinesandisallowedtoltertubes(1)詳細查閱工程地質勘察報告，了解工程地質情況，分析降水過程中可能出現(xiàn)(1)Viewthereportsaboutengineeringgeologicalinvestigationindetail;learnaboutengineeringgeology;analyzetechnicalproblemsthatmayoccurintheprecipitationrelevantsolutionsdrillingequipmentsandpumpingequipments為了節(jié)省機械施工費用，不使用履帶式吊車，采用碎石樁振沖設備的自制簡易車架，因此場地平整度要高一些，設備進場前進行場地平整，以便于車架在場地內homemadesimpleframeofgravelpilevibroequipmentisadopted.Therefore,thesitessshouldbehighBeforeequipmentsentertheworksitethesiteshouldbeleveledattheframecanmovefreelywithinthefield1.1安裝程序—鑿孔安裝埋設井點管——布置安裝總管——Settingoutandpositioningatwellpoints---installinghighpressurewaterpump---installinggougesandburyingwell-pointpipes---arrangingandinstallingheader2井點管埋設(1)根據(jù)建設單位提供測量控制點，測量放線確定井點位置，然后在井位先挖一將小坑與集水坑連接，以便于排泄多余水。井點管深度取6m，井管間距ncewiththecontrolpointsprovidedbytheconstructionunit.Thendigasmallholewithadepthofabout500mmsoastocollectwaterwhentheholeisimpactedandtofillsandwhenpipesarelaid.Connecttheholewithsumppitsbyaditchtodrainoffexcesswater.Thedepthforlayingwell-pointpipesis6mandthedistancebetweenpipesis1m.左右，若遇到較厚的純粘土時，沉管時間要延長，此時可采取增加高壓水保證管壁與井點管之間有一定間隙，以便于填充砂石，沖孔深度應比濾管(2)Useawinchtomovethesimplederricktowellpoints.Adjustthecasinghydraulicmonitorrighttothewellpoint.Startthehighpressurewaterpump.Controlthewaterpressurein0.4~0.8Mpa.Undertheimpactofhighpressurewaterjet,drivepipesbegintosinkanddrivepipesandthehydraulicmonitorareliftedivepipesiswithinmmUnderthepunchingimpactofwaterjetanddrivepipeswell-pointpipescansinkabout10min10~15minutes.Ifpipesareburiedinthickererpumpcanbeincreasedsothatthesinkingspeedofpipescangoup.Thedrillingdiameterofimpingementholesshouldbe300~350mm.Theremustbegapsbetweenthetubewallandwell-pointpipestofillsandandgravel.Impingementholesshouldbeinstalledabovemmlowerthanfiltertubesinordertopreventsomesoilslumpswhendrivepipesarepushedupwardsandtomakesurethatthereisenoughatthebottomoffiltertubes鑿孔沖擊管上下移動時應保持垂直，這樣才能使井點降水井壁保持垂直，若在鑿孔時遇到較大的石塊和磚塊，會出現(xiàn)傾斜現(xiàn)象，此時成孔的直徑也應盡量保持上othatthesidewallsofwellpointsdewateringcanalsokeepvertical.Iftherearebigstonesorbricksintheprocessofpunching,thetubeswilltiltalittleandinthiscasethediametershouldlineastheupperholes井孔沖擊成型后，應拔出沖擊管，通過單滑輪，用繩索拉起井點管插入，井點管的上端應用木塞塞住，以防砂石或其他雜物進入，并在井點管與孔壁之間填灌砂Whenaboreholeisshaped,shocktubesshouldbepulledout.Andthenwell-pointpipesshouldbeliftedbyusingasingle-sheavedblockandaropeandbeinsertedintheborehole.Theupperendofwell-pointpipesshouldbepluggedwithacorktoavoidsand,gravelorotherstuffgettingintothepipes.Asandfilterlayershouldbemadebetweenwell-pointpipesandwallsofholes.Thefillingqualitycandirectlyinfluencetheeffectofto1)Coarsesandshouldbeusedsoastopreventthecloggingofthemeshofthefiltertube.60-1OOmm之間，以提高透水性，并防止土粒滲入濾管堵塞濾管的網(wǎng)眼，填砂厚度要均勻，速度要快，2)Filtertubesshouldbeplacedinthemiddleofboreholes.Thethicknessofsandmprovewaterpermeabilityandpreventsoilparticlesfrompenetratingthefiltertubesandcloggingthemesh.Thesandthicknessshouldbeinuniform.Thesandfillingshouldbequickandshallnotbeinterruptedinthereventholewallsfromcollapsing3)Thepackingheightofthefiltersandlayershouldbeatleast1000-1800mhighltheundergroundercanflowsmoothlyupanddown4)Aftersandfillingatwellpoints,sealtheplace1.0~1.5mbelowthewellheadwithclayandthencompacttheclaytopreventairleakagethusreducingprecipitation.3沖洗井管。ttomofwellpointpipesInjectwaterandcleanpipestillclearwaterflowsout.Pipesshouldbecleanedonebyoneand“deadwellsshouldbeavoided.1.4管路安裝首先沿井點管線外側，鋪設集水毛管，并用膠墊螺栓把干管連接起來，主干管好，防止管路不嚴、漏氣，而降低整個管路的真空度。主管路的流水坡度按坡向泵First,laycatchmenthollowbilletsalongthewell-pointpipesandconnectmainpipeswithpadbolts.Connectmainpipesandwatertanksandpumps.Unplugthecorkattheupperendofwell-pointpipes.Connectrubbertubesandmainpipes.Tietheconnectingtheoverallpipeline.Thewatergradientofthemainpipelineshouldbe5‰ofthedegreebetweentheslopeandthepumproom.Usebrickstomakemainpipesinplaceanddoewinterprecipitation5檢查管路檢查集水干管與井點管連接的膠管的各個接頭，在試抽水時是否有漏氣現(xiàn)象，發(fā)現(xiàn)這種情況應重新連接或用油膩子堵塞，重新擰緊法蘭盤螺栓和膠管的鉛絲，直管路是否存在漏氣現(xiàn)象。在水泵進水管上安裝一個真空表，在水泵的出水管上，安裝一個壓力表。為了觀測降水深度，是否達到施工組織設計所要求的降水深度，在Checkeveryjointofrubbertubesconnectingcatchmentmainpipesandwell-pointpipes.Payattentiontowaterleakageinpumping.Oncethereisleakage,reconnecttheoltsandthegalvanizedwiretillthereisnoairleakage.Beforethepumpisputinuseformally,ithastobetestedtocheckwhetheritisinnormaloperationorwhetherthereisairleakageinthepipeline.Installavacuummateratthewaterinletofpumpsandapressuremeterattheoutlet.Setupawellpointforobservationinthecenterofthefoundationpittocheckwhethertheprecipitationdepthisuptotherequirementsoftheconstructionorganizationdesignandtodepicttheprecipitationcurve.Beforetestingpumps,checkthevacuumdegreeoftheentirepipenetwork.Thevacuumdegreeshouldreach550mmHg(73.33KPa)andthenthepumpscanbeputintouse.2抽水輕型井點管網(wǎng)全部安裝完畢后，進行試抽。當抽水設備運轉一切正常后，整個抽水管路無漏氣現(xiàn)象，可以投入正常抽水作業(yè)。開機一個星期后，將形成地下降水Whenlightwellpointpipenetworkisinstalled,begintotestpumping.Pumpingequipmentscanbeputintonormalpumpingoperationsunlesstheyworknormallyandonfunnelwillbeformedanditwillbecomemoreandmorestable.Earthworkcanberecipitations3.1Well-pointpipespacingandtheburyingdepthshouldmeetthedesignrequirements.Agroupofwell-pointpointsandthecenterofjointsshouldbekeptinastraightlineakageblockagepoordrainageorsetcshouldhaverustremovalandbecoatedwithantirustingpaint.Weldingslagatweldingandthenbecoatedwithantirustingpainta3.4Thevacuumdegreeofwellpointsystemsshouldbemaintainedat55.3-66.7kPa,thepressureat.16Mpa.n。不能及時下井點4.1Onceaboreholeofawellpointisformed,well-pointpipesshouldbeputinandpisolitefiltermaterialsshouldbefilledintopreventtheboreholefromcollapsing.Ifwell-pointpipescannotbeputintimely,theboreholeshouldbecoveredtopreventobjectsfallinginandpluggingthehole.Whenwell-pointpipesareburied,nozzlesshouldbeblockedwithacorktoellpointsandapowersupplyshould4.4Duringwinter,well-pointconnectingmainpipesshouldbecoveredwiththermalinsulationmaterialsordrysoilwithathicknessofmorethan30cmtopreventfrozenpipes5.1Thereisnowellpointontheearthworkexcavationtransporterroad.Thisdoes水應連續(xù)進行，特別是開始抽水階段，時停時抽，井點管的濾網(wǎng)易于阻塞，出水混濁，同時由于中途長時間停止抽水，造成地下水位上升，會引起土方邊坡塌方等事5.2Beforetheconstructionisofficiallystarted,theelectricianshouldhandleelectricityconsumptionprocedurestimelytoensurethepowersupplyduringpumping.Pumpingshouldbecontinuous,especiallyinthebeginning.Ifpumpingisnotcontinuous,filterscreensofwell-pointpipescanbeeasilyblocked.Besides,waterwillbeturbid.Iflwillincreasewhichmaycauseslopelandslidesetc水規(guī)律應“先大后小，先混后清”。若出tationregularlyTheregularpatternshouldbe“frombigtosmallandfromturbidtoclear”.Ifthepatternisnotlikethis,checklightwellpointprecipitationintime.水位降到所要求的水位后，減少出水閥門的出水量，盡量使抽吸與排水保持均勻，adjustoutletvalvesofcentrifugalpumpstocontrolwaterflow.Whenthegroundwaterleveldecreasestotherequiredlevel,thelanceatering觀測，若抽水過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)真空度不足，應立即檢查整個抽水系統(tǒng)有無漏氣環(huán)節(jié)，并5.5Thevacuumdegreeisthemaintechnologyindexofwhetherlightwellpointprecipitationcanworkwell.Soadesignatedpersonshouldobservethevacuumdegreeconstantly.Ifthevacuumdegreeisnotuptostandard,thepersonshouldimmediately5.6Intheprocessofpumping,especiallyinthebeginning,checkwhetherthereisanydeadwellwithblockedwell-pointpipesbylisteningtotherunningwater,observingthepipesurfacewhetheritiswetornot,etc.Ifthepercentageof“deadwells”exceeds10%,theprecipitationeffectswillbegreatlyinfluenced.Inthiscase,relativemeasures5.7Dositesurveybeforedrillingwellspoint.UseLuoyangshoveltopunchholes.Ifthereisoldfoundationorahiddencemeteryonthesite,thisshouldbeaddressedasearlyaspossible.5.8Iftheclaylayeristhick,tubesinkingspeedmaybeslow.Whenthetimeexceedstheconventionaltimelimit,increasethepumppressureby1.0-1.4Mpabutnotbeyond1.5Mpa.watertopumps5.10Iftheconstructionisinwinter,dothethermalinsulationofmainpipestoationpittopreventtheinflowof5.12Wellpointsshouldbe2-2.5awayfromthefoundationpitsothatthesettingofwellpointswillnotinfluencethestabilityofearthslopesaroundthefoundationpit.Waterpumpedoutshouldbedischargedbyopentrenchesdesignedintheconstructionittoavoid5.13如場地粘土層較厚，這將影響降水效果，因為粘土的透水性能差，上層水不易滲透下去，采取套管和水槍在井點軸線范圍之外打孔，用埋設井點管相同成孔作業(yè)方法，井內填滿粗砂，形成二至三排砂樁，使地層中上下水貫通。在抽水過程中，由于下部抽水，上層水由于重力作用和抽水產(chǎn)生的負壓，上層水系很容易漏下5.13Thickclaylayeronthesitemayinfluencetheprecipitationeffectsforitspoorperformanceofpermeability.Theupperwatercannotpenetrateeasily.Usedrivepipesandhydraulicmonitorstodrillholesbeyondtherangeofwellpointaxes.Usethesameboringmethodasburyingwell-pointpipes.Fillwellswithcoarsesand.Formtwoorthreesandpiles.Linkupperwatertolowerwaterinstratum.Inthepumpingprocess,becauseofthepumpingofthelowerwater,theupperwatersystemisveryeasytodraindownwellpointpipes7.1Whenpunchinganddrillingmachinesareinoperation,theyshouldbeplacedsteadilytopreventmachinesfromtopplingoverorfallingdownsuddenly,causingothemachines7.2Beforeboreholesareputinuse,theyshouldbecoveredwithcoverplatesto7.3Allmechanicalandelectricalequipmentsshallbesupervisedbythecaretaker.roconnectionandinstallleakagepreventiondevices.Whenpumpsorcomponentsareexaminedandrepaired,thepowershouldbeturnedoff.Liveworkingisstrictlyprohibited.8.1Disposewellpointdewateringeffluentandmakeappropriateusesoasto8.1.3鋼絲網(wǎng)細石混凝土護坡Basedonthebasicsituationoffoundationpitsupportonthesite,theupper3mdepthofthefoundationpituses1:25cutslope.φ6@300×300reinforcingsteelmeshngsteelmeshshouldoverlapmmmCfinetheslopeandthetopodExcavation---buildingsideslopesonthefirstfloor---hangingnet---fixing---spraying(1)挖土(1)Excavation基坑進行分層開挖，隨開挖隨在設計高度范圍內施工鋼絲網(wǎng)細石混凝土護坡，Theconstructionmethodoffoundationpitsislayeredexcavation.Whileexcavating,buildsteelmeshfineaggregateconcreteslabrevetmentsinthedesignedheightrange.nstructionwithinthesameworksurface(2)修邊坡(2)BuildingsideslopesBasedonthelocationofblindditchesonthesite,firstdeterminethesizeofdeepfoundationpitsandthendigaworksectionwithawidthof20malongthelineandtrimitlly(3)鋪設鋼絲網(wǎng)并固定(3)Layandfixthesteelmeshmmmφ6@300×300reinforcingsteelmeshisused.Beforeusingthemesh,levelittillthegapbetweentheslopeandthemeshisnotlessthan20mm.Usesteeltfixitintothesoil.uncialThespacingshouldbenotmorethanmmthewidthofthereinforcingsteelmeshoutsidethesideslopeofthefoundationpitshouldbenotlessthan1500mm.Steelbarsoftheupperandthelowerlayersoverlap200mmandareboundwithgalvanizedwire.Longitudinalsteelbarsareinsertedintothesoil200mm,overlappingwithsteelbarsofthenextlayer.AΦ12steelbarwithalengthof150mmistransversestiffeners(4)噴砼(4)Shotcrete保證鋼筋保護層不小于20mm。噴射時噴頭應與作業(yè)面垂直，噴頭至作業(yè)面距離為Dryshotcreteisadopted.32.5#cement,coarsesandand10-15mmgravelwiththediameterof10-15mmareused.ThemixproportionofthesematerialsshouldbeinaccordancewithC20intensityofthedesignrequirements.Acceleratingagentisdopedandtheamountis4%ofthatofthecement.Theconcretedrymaterialsshouldbemixedatleastthreetimes.Thebootsequenceoftheinjectionmachineshouldbeasfollows:airnceisfeedingbottledwaterairsupply.Themachinecanspray10cmconcreteeachtime.Makesurethattheprotectivelayerofsteelbarsisnotlessthan20mm.Whenspraying,thenozzleshouldbeperpendiculartotheworkingfacewithadistanceof0.6—1.0m.Thesprayingorderisfrombottomtotop.Recycledmaterialscannotbeusedthesecondtime.Injectiondtimely(1)鋼材、水泥、砂石聊要有產(chǎn)品合格證，要有質保書，不符合質量要求的材(1)Steel,cementandgravelshallhaveproductcertificatesandwarrantybooks.ion(2)鋼筋網(wǎng)制作的規(guī)格、形狀、尺寸、數(shù)量、間距、錨固長度、接頭位置、保shapesizenumberspacinganchoragelengthjointpositionsthicknessoftheprotectivelayerofthereinforcingsteelmeshmustcomplywiththensofconstructionspecifications(3)鋼筋、骨架綁扎、缺扣、松扣不超過應綁扎數(shù)的10%，且不應集中。鋼筋(3)Steelbars,frameworkbinding,missingbucklesandloosebucklesshouldnotexceed10%ofthebindingnumberandshouldnotbefocused.Theorientationofplengthshouldnotbelessthanthespecifiedvalue(4)鋼筋焊接要點焊牢固，連成整體。whole.(5)噴射混凝土前要清理噴面，埋設好控制噴射層厚度的標志；確保設計厚度，(5)Beforesprayingconcrete,cleanthesprayingsurfaceandburyflagstocontrolthejetthickness.Ensurethedesignthicknessandwaterconservation2haftersprayingthestabilityofsideslopes.(6)做好邊坡沉降觀測及周圍環(huán)境檢查，若有明顯滑坡征兆，要立即回填壓坡，(6)Observesettlementofsideslopesandcheckthesurroundings.Ifthereareobvioussignsoflandslides,immediatelybackfilltheslope,takeeffectivete(7)加強與挖土施工的配合。1)、基坑設計方案對監(jiān)測要求：應根據(jù)設計及相關規(guī)范要求由第三方進行基坑監(jiān)測，按監(jiān)測方案要求設置水平位移、沉降觀察，同時對場地內已施工的工程樁應進行監(jiān)控。若遇到下列情況之一時，應立即報警，若情況比較嚴重，應立即停止施1)Monitoringrequirementsofthedesignschemeoffoundationpits:Inaccordancewiththedesignandspecificationrequirements,thethirdpartyshouldberesponsibleforthefollowing:monitoringthefoundationpit,settinghorizontaldisplacementandobservingsettlementaccordingtorequirementsofthemonitoringprogram,andmonitoringengineeringpilesunderconstructiononthesite.Ifoneofthefollowinghappens,thepartyshouldcallthepolice.Ifthesituationisserious,thepartyshouldimmediatelystoptheconstructionandtakeemergencymeasuresaboutthesupportingstructures.eedthewarningvalue支護結構水平位移速度三天＞3mm/d，且不能收斂?；蚶塾嬑灰?沉降)大于Thehorizontaldisplacementspeedofsupportingstructuresinthreedaysis>3mm/lementislargerthanmmb、基坑底部或周圍土體出現(xiàn)可能導致剪切破壞的現(xiàn)象或其它可能影響安全的征兆(如、涌土、隆起、陷落等)。b.Thebottomorsurroundingsoilofthefoundationpitmayleadtoshearfailureorotherunsafesignssoilboiling,uplifting,subsidence,etc.).ldbestrengthened⑧Theconstructionoffoundationpitsshouldcomplywiththerequirementsofrelevantnorms,forexample,thedesignschemeandTechnicalSpecificationsinBuildingFoundationPitSupportsJGJ0-99)etc.基坑檢測將由業(yè)主委托有資質的第三方對基坑進行全方位的監(jiān)測，監(jiān)測內容要Thequalifiedthirdpartycommissionedbytheproprietorisresponsibleforexcavationmonitoring,includingmonitoringthetophorizontaldisplacement,landyobtainsdatathroughmonitoringandusedatatoensurethesafeconstructionoffoundationpits.ngmethodsareprovidedbythedetectionunit當坡頂位移和地面沉降超出設計要求或安全臨界線時，說明基坑變形不正常，應引起警覺，檢測及時分析變形存在的原因及采取應付措施，如偏差值有加大趨勢Whenthetophorizontaldisplacementandlandsubsidenceexceedthedesignrequirementsorthesafetycriticalline,whichshowsthatthedeformationoffoundationreasonsandtakemeasures.Ifthedeviationvalueincreases,emergencymeasuresshould當基坑支護位移超出業(yè)主和設計允許值時，監(jiān)測單位應及時向我項目部、設計少于100個toffoundationpitsupportsexceedstheallowablevaluegivenbytheproprietorandthedesignscheme,themonitoringunitshouldtimelyinformtheProjectDepartment,DesignUnit,Supervisionunitandtheproprietor,takerelevantmeasures,includingimmediatelystoppingtheconstructionatthebottomoffoundationpits,usingsandbagstogivebackpressure,dispersingcrowd,etc.,formulatetionsite②加強對坑面截水溝和坑底集水溝、井的維護和清理，避免雨水進入基坑和能②Strengthenthemaintenanceandcleaningofpitdrainageditches,gulliesatthebottomandwells.Avoidrainwaterflowingintofoundationpits.Makesuretquickly③Whentherearecracksonthepittedsurfaceorsideslopes,fillandblocktheelpipeladderforconstructors8.1.4混凝土工程板工程本工程土建部分為框架結構和設備基礎。混凝土工程量大，截面形式多樣，我們本著技術先進，經(jīng)濟合理,確保質量的原則，針對不同的截面形式選用與之合適的Civilengineeringoftheprojectusestheframestructureandequipmentfoundation.Theworkamountofconcreteprojectislargeandcrosssectionshavemanyforms.Weadoptdifferentformworksfordifferentcrosssectionsinaccordancewiththeprincipleofadvancedtechnologyreasonablecostsandgoodqualitysoastoincreasetheity本工程部分設備基礎等構件采用磚胎膜，框架構件采用覆膜膠合木模板，Someconstructionmembersoftheequipmentfoundationusebrickfetalsusefilmcoveredlaminatedwoodformworksupportedby50×100mmwoodbraceandΦ48×3.5steelpipes.Thedesignselectionofformworkws部位模板設計示意圖承臺泥砂漿砌筑。厚度根梁模H＜600mm時磚胎模采用18mm厚木模梁、采用18mm厚木模板Φ48×3.5鋼管支撐。18mm厚木模板，現(xiàn)柱模場拼裝定型，型鋼加板固支撐，豎向龍骨為membrane;useMU7.5sand-limebricksandMcementmortar;knessPilecapsscavationdepththicknessofbrickfetalmembraneis120mm;ifthewallthicknessis240mm.Usewoodformworkwithathicknessofpportedby50×100mmwoodbraceandΦ48×3.5steelUsewoodformworkwithathicknessofpportedby50×100mmwoodbraceandΦ48×3.5steelconcretecolumns;usewoodformworkwithathicknessof18mm;assembleandthesite;supportedbywoodbrace＠200高支模施工前，必須編制高支模安全專項方案，并組織專家進行論證，論證通Beforethehighformworkconstructionformulateaspecialprogramofthehigh-formworksafetyandorganizeexpertstocheckthisprogram.Oncetheprogramis本工程所有支模支撐架均為滿堂鋼管腳手架，其中普通模板支撐體系下的樓板模板工程立桿間距1000×1000；水平桿步距1.5m，掃地桿距樓地面200；采用Allformworksandsupportframesintheprojectarefullsteelpipescaffoldings.Thelagspacingoffloorformworkinordinaryformworksupportsystemis1000×1000;thestepdistanceofhorizontalbarsis1.5m;