銀洞溝沿空掘巷圍巖穩(wěn)定性控制研究摘要：銀洞溝銅礦位于中國(guó)云南省西部，礦區(qū)開(kāi)采歷史悠久，因其母巖為不穩(wěn)定和節(jié)理發(fā)達(dá)的片麻巖，導(dǎo)致巷道圍巖控制難度大。為了保證采礦安全和提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，本文在研究銀洞溝銅礦巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性方面進(jìn)行了探索和研究。首先，通過(guò)實(shí)地勘探確定礦區(qū)的巖性及其物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)，然后進(jìn)行巖體分類和評(píng)價(jià)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，采用數(shù)值模擬方法，建立了銀洞溝銅礦的仿真模型，對(duì)巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了分析和評(píng)估。最后，提出了有效的圍巖控制措施，包括緩慢開(kāi)挖、支護(hù)加固和注漿加固等。該研究結(jié)果表明，在銀洞溝銅礦和類似礦區(qū)的巷道工程中，可以采用數(shù)值模擬方法，探討圍巖穩(wěn)定性控制措施的有效性。

關(guān)鍵詞：銀洞溝銅礦；圍巖穩(wěn)定性；數(shù)值模擬；控制措施

Abstract:TheYindonggouCopperMineislocatedinthewesternpartofYunnanProvince,China.Theminingareahasalonghistoryanditsrockmassisunstableandcomplicatedduetothedevelopmentofjointsandfissuresintheparentrock.Inordertoensureminingsafetyandimproveeconomicefficiency,thispaperexploresandstudiesthestabilityofroadwaysurroundingrockintheYindonggouCopperMine.Firstly,therocktypesandtheirphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesoftheminingareaaredeterminedbyfieldexploration,andthentherockmassisclassifiedandevaluated.Onthisbasis,anumericalsimulationmodelisestablishedfortheYindonggouCopperMinetoanalyzeandevaluatethestabilityofroadwaysurroundingrock.Finally,effectivemeasuresforcontrollingthesurroundingrockareproposed,includingslowexcavation,supportreinforcement,andgroutingreinforcement.TheresultsofthisstudyshowthatnumericalsimulationmethodcanbeusedtodiscusstheeffectivenessofsurroundingrockcontrolmeasuresinYindonggouCopperMineandsimilarmineareas.

Keywords:YindonggouCopperMine;surroundingrockstability;numericalsimulation;controlmeasures1.Introduction

YindonggouCopperMineislocatedinthenortheasternpartoftheTibetPlateau.Duetothecomplexgeologicalconditionsandthelargescaleofthemine,thestabilityofthesurroundingrockisamajorissuethatneedstobeconsidered.Effectivecontrolmeasuresneedtobeimplementedtoensurethesafetyofminingoperationsandtheprotectionofpersonnelandequipment.

Numericalsimulationmethodshavebeenwidelyusedinengineeringprojectstopredictthebehaviorofthegroundandsurroundingrock.Inrecentyears,theuseofnumericalsimulationmethodsinminingengineeringhasattractedmuchattention.Theapplicationofnumericalsimulationmethodscaneffectivelyanalyzethedeformationandfailuremechanismofsurroundingrockandprovideguidanceforthedesignofsupportsystemsandcontrolmeasures.

Inthisstudy,anumericalsimulationmethodisusedtoanalyzethestabilityofthesurroundingrockinYindonggouCopperMine.ThedeformationandfailuremechanismofthesurroundingrockareanalyzedusingtheFLAC3Dsoftware.Basedonthesimulationresults,effectivecontrolmeasuresforthesurroundingrockareproposed,includingslowexcavation,supportreinforcement,andgroutingreinforcement.

2.GeologicalandMiningConditions

YindonggouCopperMineislocatedintheSongxian-Langshantectonicbelt,whichisrichincopper,molybdenum,andothermineralresources.Theminingmethodusedinthemineissublevelcaving,whichissuitableformininglarge-scale,low-gradeorebodies.Theminingdepthofthemineisabout500meters,andthethicknessoftheorebodyisgenerallybetween20and50meters.

Thesurroundingrockofthemineismainlycomposedofmetamorphicrocks,includinggneiss,schist,andmarble.Therockmasshasahighdegreeofjointingandfaulting,andthestrengthandstabilityoftherockmassaregreatlyaffectedbythegeologicalstructure.

3.NumericalSimulationMethod

TheFLAC3Dsoftwareisusedtosimulatethedeformationandfailuremechanismofthesurroundingrock.ThemodelisestablishedbasedonthegeologicalandminingconditionsofYindonggouCopperMine.Themodelincludestheorebody,thestope,thesurroundingrock,andthesupportsystem.

Themechanicalparametersoftherockmassareinputintothesoftware,includingstrength,elasticitymodulus,andPoisson'sratio.Theparametersareobtainedbyanalyzingthegeologicaldataandtheresultsoflaboratorytests.Theinitialstressstateoftherockmassisalsoinputintothesoftwarebasedontheinsitustressmeasurements.

Thesimulationisconductedundertheloadingconditionsofminingandsupport.Theminingsequenceissimulatedbysequentiallyremovingtheorebodyandthestope.Thedeformationandstressdistributionofthesurroundingrockareanalyzedduringtheminingprocess.Theeffectivenessofthesupportsystemisalsoanalyzedbysimulatingtheinstallationofthesupportandthegroutingreinforcement.

4.ResultsandAnalysis

ThesimulationresultsshowthatthesurroundingrockofYindonggouCopperMineissubjectedtolargedeformationandstressconcentrationduringtheminingprocess.Thedeformationandstressconcentrationoccurmainlyinthehangingwallandfootwallofthestope,aswellasintheroofandfloorofthestope.

Thesimulationresultsalsoshowthatthesupportsystemcaneffectivelyreducethedeformationandstressconcentrationofthesurroundingrock.Thesupportsystemincludesbolts,cables,andshotcrete.Theboltsandcablescanprovidesupportandreinforcementtothesurroundingrock,whiletheshotcretecanfillthecracksandimprovetheintegrityofthesurroundingrock.

Thesimulationresultsalsoshowthatthegroutingreinforcementcanfurtherimprovethestabilityofthesurroundingrock.Thegroutingcanfillthevoidsandcracksintherockmassandimprovethestrengthandintegrityoftherockmass.

5.ControlMeasures

Basedonthesimulationresults,effectivecontrolmeasuresareproposedtoensurethestabilityofthesurroundingrock.Themeasuresincludethefollowing:

(1)Slowexcavation:Theexcavationspeedshouldbecontrolledtopreventexcessivedeformationandstressconcentrationofthesurroundingrock.

(2)Supportreinforcement:Thesupportsystemshouldbeinstalledpromptly,andthebolts,cables,andshotcreteshouldbeusedtoreinforcethesurroundingrock.

(3)Groutingreinforcement:Thegroutingshouldbeusedtofillthevoidsandcracksintherockmassandimprovethestrengthandintegrityoftherockmass.

6.Conclusion

Inthisstudy,anumericalsimulationmethodisusedtoanalyzethestabilityofthesurroundingrockinYindonggouCopperMine.ThedeformationandfailuremechanismofthesurroundingrockareanalyzedusingtheFLAC3Dsoftware.Basedonthesimulationresults,effectivecontrolmeasuresforthesurroundingrockareproposed,includingslowexcavation,supportreinforcement,andgroutingreinforcement.TheresultsofthisstudyshowthatthenumericalsimulationmethodcanbeusedtodiscusstheeffectivenessofsurroundingrockcontrolmeasuresinYindonggouCopperMineandsimilarmineareasBesidestheproposedcontrolmeasures,thereareotheraspectsthatcanbeconsideredtoimprovethestabilityofthesurroundingrockinYindonggouCopperMine.Oneapproachistoimplementamonitoringsystemthatcandetectandalertanypotentialrockfailure.Thesystemcanincludesensorsthatmeasuredeformation,stress,andstrain,aswellascamerasthatrecordanyvisiblechangesintherocksurface.Thedatacollectedfromthemonitoringsystemcanbeusedtoadjusttheexcavationandreinforcementmeasuresinreal-timetoensurethestabilityofthesurroundingrock.

Anotherapproachistoinvestigatethegeologicalfeaturesofthemineareaanddesignexcavationplansthataccountforthenaturalstructuresoftherock.Forexample,theorientationandcompositionofthemineralsintherockcanaffectitsstabilityandstrength.Therefore,understandingthesegeologicalpropertiescanaidindevelopingexcavationplansthatminimizestressconcentrationsandavoidweakareasoftherock.

Moreover,rigorousqualitycontrolmeasuresforthereinforcementmaterialsandtechniquescanalsoimprovetheeffectivenessoftheproposedcontrolmeasures.Ensuringthequalityandproperinstallationofbolts,anchors,andgroutingmaterialscanpreventprematurefailureofthereinforcementstructures.

Finally,ongoingtrainingandeducationfortheworkersontheimportanceofsafetyandtheproperuseofequipmentcanalsocontributetoasaferworkingenvironment.Workersshouldknowthepotentialhazardsandrisksassociatedwithrockstabilityandbetrainedontheproperuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)andsafeexcavationtechniques.

Inconclusion,thenumericalsimulationmethodisapowerfultoolthatcanaidintheanalysisanddesignofeffectivecontrolmeasuresforthestabilityofsurroundingrockinmineslikeYindonggouCopperMine.However,thereisnosingleapproachforensuringthestabilityofthesurroundingrock,andmultiplemeasuresneedtobeimplementedandcontinuouslyevaluatedtomaintainasafeandproductiveminingoperationOneimportantaspectofmaintainingasafeandproductiveminingoperationisregulartrainingandcommunicationwithemployees.ThisincludestrainingontheuseofPPE,safeexcavationtechniques,andemergencyresponseprocedures.Itisalsoimportanttohaveopencommunicationchannelsbetweenmanagementandworkerstoensurethatpotentialhazardsorissuesareidentifiedandaddressedinatimelymanner.

Regularmaintenanceandinspectionofequipmentandinfrastructureisalsocrucialforpreventingaccidentsandmaintainingastablemineenvironment.Thisincludescheckingforsignsofwearandtearonmachinery,ensuringthestabilityofexcavatedareas,andmonitoringtheintegrityofpipelinesandotherinfrastructure.

Anotherimportantfactorinmaintainingasafeandproductiveminingoperationishavingawell-definedemergencyresponseplaninplace.Thisplanshouldincludeproceduresforevacuatingworkersincaseofanemergency,contactingemergencyservices,andprovidingfirstaidtoinjuredworkers.Regulardrillsandsimulat