中考英語真題透視閱讀理解專項(xiàng)講解（5）—選擇填空式題型研究近幾年全國各省市中考英語試題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)“閱讀理解”題呈現(xiàn)出這樣幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：①題材新穎，原汁原味，趣味性強(qiáng)；②貼近生活實(shí)際，極具可讀性；③反映社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，富于時(shí)代氣息；④題目設(shè)計(jì)巧妙，匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)；⑤考查能力綜合化；⑥選材廣泛，信息量大。所涉及內(nèi)容包羅萬象，不僅涉及生活百科，自然科學(xué)，而且也觸及天文地理，異域風(fēng)情等。兵法有云：知彼知己，百戰(zhàn)不殆。下面就從2022年全國重點(diǎn)省市中考英語試題中精選出具有代表性、權(quán)威性的試題，并輔之以解題思路點(diǎn)撥。相信將對(duì)同學(xué)們決勝中考大有裨益。(1)“選擇填空”式Passage1Inthesummerof1978anEnglishmannamedStevenwasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingontheground.Theflattenedwheatformed(形成)acircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Threeyearslaterafarmerwholivednearbydiscoveredalmostthesamecirclesinoneofhisfields.Thesecircleswerelarger—nearly15metersacross.Thatsameyear,anotherEnglishfarmerdiscoveredthreecirclesofflattenedwheatonhisland—onelargecirclebetweentwosmallcircles.Duringthefollowingyears,farmersinEnglandfoundcirclesintheirfieldsmoreandmoreoften.Thecirclesarecalled“cropcircles”becausetheyusuallyappearinfieldsofwheatorcorn.Thewheatinthecirclesliesonthegroundbutisneverbroken;itkeepsongrowing,andthefarmerscanlaterharvestit.Farmersalwaysdiscoverthecropcirclesinthemorning,sothecirclesprobablyformatnight.TheyappearonlyinthemonthsfromMaytoSeptember.Whatcausesthecropcircles?Atfirst,peoplethoughtthatsomekidsweremakingthemasajoke,orthatfarmersweremakingthemtoattracttourists.(Infact,in1991,twomensaidtheymadethecirclesthemselves,butmanyscientistsdon’tbelievethem.)Peopletriedtocopythem:Theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofwheatwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthewheatwithoutbreakingit.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangerobjectsnearthefieldswherecropcircleslaterappeared.Manypeoplebelievethatthesecropcirclesarethemessagessentbylivingthingsfromouterspace(外層空間)orthemarksleftbytheirspaceships.Scientistswhohavestudiedthecropcirclestrytofindoutwhatcausesthem.Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment(最新高科技設(shè)備).Theequipment—worthmilliondollars—gotnothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafield,cropcirclesformedinthefieldbehindthem,whichwerequitedifferentfromtheothers.Thescientistshadneitherseennorheardanything.WhenStevendiscoveredthecropcirclesonhislandin1978,hesaid,“Itwasjustlikesomethingthathadlandedinthefieldfromtheairandgonebackupagain.Idon’tknowwhattomakeofthesethings.”CropcircleshaveappearedinEngland,Japan,theUnitedStatesandRussia.Expertsfromallovertheworldhavestudiedthem,andtheysaywhatStevensaid:Theydon’tknowwhattomakeofthesethings.1.Whichpictureisprobablytheoneformedinthefieldbehindthescientists?2.“Flattenedwheat”means___________.A.brokenwheatB.lyingwheatC.harvestedwheatD.growingwheat3.Thepassageismainlyaboutsomething___________.A.thatisdonebylivingthingsfromouterspaceB.thatcannotbesolvedbutfoundallaroundtheworldC.thatcannotbemadeclearorunderstoodD.thatisdiscoveredandcopiedbythefarmers(選自2022年北京西城區(qū)試題)【解題思路點(diǎn)撥】這篇閱讀材料屬于難度較大的拉檔題，介紹了“莊稼圓圈”這個(gè)尚未揭開的世界之謎。1978年，一位名叫Steven的英國農(nóng)民在麥田里發(fā)現(xiàn)倒伏的小麥形成的一個(gè)直徑6米的大圓圈，而且在它的周圍還環(huán)繞著四個(gè)小圓。后來，其它農(nóng)民陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)類似情況，只不過圓的大小和分布不同而已。據(jù)目擊者稱，“莊稼圓圈”通常在6月至9月份出現(xiàn)，且在早上被發(fā)現(xiàn)。更讓人感到驚訝的是，倒伏的小麥并未折斷，還在繼續(xù)生長。有人猜測(cè)這是外星人所為，或許是他們的飛船留下的痕跡。后來，在日本、美國和俄羅斯等國家也發(fā)現(xiàn)了“莊稼圓圈”。科學(xué)家們使用最新的設(shè)備進(jìn)行了跟蹤調(diào)查和研究，結(jié)果一無所獲。1.A。解答此題，必須依次弄清田地里留下的圓圈的形狀。1978年發(fā)現(xiàn)的是中間有一個(gè)直徑約為6米的大圓，周圍分布著4個(gè)小些的圓。即如圖B中的樣子。三年后另一農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)直徑約為15米的大圓，他們幾乎差不多大，即如圖D所示的那樣。就在同一年，又有一個(gè)農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)圓，一個(gè)大些，另兩個(gè)小，大圓在小圓的中間，如圖C所示。而科學(xué)家身后的圓圈與別的都不同，由此可以找到答案A。2.B。只有真正理解短文所述的內(nèi)容之后，才能判斷出短語“Flattenedwheat”的確切意思。實(shí)際上，文中第三自然段中“Thewheatinthecirclesliesonthegroundbutisneverbroken;itkeepsongrowing,andthefarmerscanlaterharvestit.”一句已對(duì)此短語的意思有所暗示。由這幾句話，可知小麥既不是折斷了的，也不是在生長的，更不是已收獲的小麥。3.C。短文中提到很多人相信這是外星人所為(Manypeoplebelievethatthesecropcirclesarethemessagessentbylivingthingsfromouterspaceorthemarksleftbytheirspaceships.)，但是他們并沒有證據(jù)。因此A項(xiàng)不對(duì)。雖然很多地方都發(fā)現(xiàn)過“莊稼圓圈”，但并不是在全世界都有，短文中列舉了三個(gè)國家。故B項(xiàng)不對(duì)。短文中提到有的農(nóng)民聲稱是他們干的，但也予以了否定。由此，C項(xiàng)是最佳答案。通盤考慮全篇的意思，人們不懂得為什么麥田里會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)家們也沒有弄清原因。短文的最后一段說的也是這個(gè)意思。Passage2Winterisdangerousbecauseit’ssodifficulttoknowwhatisgoingtohappenandaccidentstakeplacesoeasily.Fogcanbewaitingtomeetyouoverthetopofahill.Icemightbehidingunderthemelting(融化)snow,waitingahead(前面)tosendyouofftheroad.Thecarcomingtoyoumaysuddenlyslipacrosstheroad.RuleNumberOnefordrivingonicyroadsistodrivesmoothly(平穩(wěn)地).Suddenmovementscanmakeacarverydifficulttocontrol.Soeverytimeyoueitherstartorstopyourcar,increaseorreduceyourspeed,youmustbeasgentleandslowaspossible.Supposeyouaredrivingwithafullcupofhotcoffeeontheseatnexttoyou.Drivesothatyouwouldn’tspill(濺)it.RuleNumberTwoistopayattentiontowhatmighthappen.Themoreicethereis,thefurtherdowntheroadyouhavetolook.Testhowlongittakestogentlystopyourcar.Rememberthatyoumaybedrivingmorequicklythanyouthink.Generally,allowtwiceofyourusualstoppingdistancewhentheroadiswet,threetimesthisdistanceonsnow,andevenmoreonice.Trytostayincontrolofyourcaratalltimeandyouwillnotgetintotrouble.writertriesto_____inthispassage.A.showhisdislikesaboutbadwinterweatherinformationaboutwinterweatherpeoplenottodriveinwinterpeopleaboutsafedrivinginwintercan_____afterreadingthispassage.A.findoutabouttheweathersomeinformationondrivinglessonsaboutbetterdrivingwhichisthebestseasonfortravelingtothepassage,thewriterthinksthat_______.A.peopleshouldnotdriveinthesnowB.driversshouldthinkmoreaboutproblemsinwinterdrivingC.peopledrivetoofastinwinterD.winterdriversshouldstoptheircarslessthepassagehewritertalksaboutacupofcoffee______.A.toshowhowimportantsmoothmovementsareB.toaskthedriverstobringsomesoftdrinkswiththemC.totellthedriverstobemorerelaxedD.toshowhowitanbespilledofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Trafficaccidentstakeplaceeasilyinwinter.B.Fogandmeltingsnowoftencausecaraccidents.C.Thestoppingdistanceoniceisaslongastheusualone.D.Inwinteryoushoulddriveyourcarwithgreatcare.trafficsignshowsthemainideaofthepassage?(選自2022年上海市試題)【解題思路點(diǎn)撥】這篇說明文的大體意思是：由于受山頂上彌漫的大霧或者融雪下面的冰等等因素的影響，冬季是易發(fā)生事故的危險(xiǎn)季節(jié)。為了行駛安全，要遵循兩個(gè)原則：一是平穩(wěn)駕駛。加速或煞車時(shí)，動(dòng)作要盡可能地輕緩一些。二是提防可能會(huì)發(fā)生的任何事情。路面上的雪越多，就應(yīng)該把視線放得更遠(yuǎn)些。當(dāng)路面出現(xiàn)潮濕，有雪、冰等情況時(shí)，將車停下來所需要的時(shí)間是不同的。隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備控制車輛的運(yùn)行，駕駛員就不會(huì)遇到麻煩。.根據(jù)文中的“RuleNumberOnefordrivingonicyroadsis…”和“RuleNumberTwoistopayattentionto…”這兩句句不難看出，短文的主要內(nèi)容是就如何在冬季安全駕駛這一問題，向司機(jī)們提出的兩點(diǎn)建議。故答案為D。.考慮到安全問題，作者提出了在各種惡劣天氣條件下開車的注意事項(xiàng)。讀完本文后，人們自然可以更好地駕駛自己的汽車了。所以答案是C。.由短文所講述的內(nèi)容可知，作者教給人們?nèi)绾卧诒┥现?jǐn)慎駕駛及如何平穩(wěn)地煞車。由此，可以將A、C、D三項(xiàng)予以排除。本題的答案亦可直接從“RuleNumberTwoistopayattentiontowhatmighthappen.”一句中判斷出來。.作者在短文中說到平穩(wěn)駕駛時(shí)，讓人們啟動(dòng)、停車或加速、減速時(shí)，動(dòng)作要輕緩。并舉了一個(gè)例子，即在座位上放一杯熱咖啡，以濺不出來咖啡為宜。用這個(gè)例子借以告訴人們平穩(wěn)駕駛的重要性。、B兩項(xiàng)的意思在短文的首段可以找到。由短文大意可知，冬季是交通事故容易發(fā)生的季節(jié)，因此冬季開車應(yīng)格外小心，故D項(xiàng)也是正確的。實(shí)際上，由“Generally,allowtwiceofyourusualstoppingdistancewhentheroadiswet,threetimesthisdistanceonsnow,andevenmoreonice.”可以排除C項(xiàng)。另外，通過常識(shí)，也可以判斷C項(xiàng)(煞車后，車在冰上向前滑行的距離與在平常路面上是一樣的)是明顯錯(cuò)誤的。.短文主要是講如何在冰雪天氣里安全駕駛的。由此可將C項(xiàng)(前方有交通事故，減速慢行)和D項(xiàng)(前方修路，謹(jǐn)慎駕駛)篩選掉。而文中也沒有提及A項(xiàng)(前方有霧，減速慢行)所表達(dá)的意思。故答案非B莫屬。Passage3Fourmenwhowouldbecomefatherswereinahospitalwaitingroomwhiletheirwiveswereinlabor(分娩).Thenursearrivedandproudlysaidtothefirstman,“Congratulations,sir.You’rethefatheroftwins!”“Whatacoincidence(巧合)!IworkfortheMinnesotaTwinsBaseballteams!”Laterthenursereturnedandcongratulatedthesecondfatheronthebirthofhistriplets(三胞胎).“Wow!That’sunbelievable!Iworkforthe3MCompany.”Anhourlater,thenursereturnedtocongratulatethethirdmanonthebirthofhisquadruplets(四胞胎).Surprised,heonlycouldanswer,“Idon’tbelieveit!IworkfortheFourSeasonsHotel!”Afterthis,everyoneturnedtothefourthmanwhohadjustfainted(暈).Thenurseranfasttohisside.Asheslowlycametohimself,theycouldhearhimspeakinaverylowvoiceoverandover,“Ishouldneverhavetakenthatjobat7-Eleven.Ishouldneverhavetakenthatjobat7-Eleven.Ishouldneverhavetakenthatjobat7-Eleven.”werethefathersthere?A.Theywerewaitingfortheirwives.B.Theywereseeingdoctors.C.Theywerewaitingfortheirbabiestobeborn.D.Theywereworkingatmennursesthere.ofthefollowingistrueaboutthethirdman?A.Hethoughtthenursemadeamistake.B.Hewasverysurprisedatthenurse’swords.C.Hedidn’twanttohavethesebabies.D.Heshouldneverhaveworkedat7-Eleven.didthefourthmanfaintwhenheheardwhatthenursetoldthethirdman?A.Hewwasafraidofhavingsomanybabies.B.Hewasseriouslyill.C.Hewastooexcited.D.Hewasverygladtohave7babies.leasthowmanybabieswouldbebornaccordingtothestory?A.9.B.10.C.11.D.14.(選自2022年湖北省黃石市試題)【解題思路點(diǎn)撥】這個(gè)趣味短篇講述了這樣一件事：四個(gè)男子在產(chǎn)房外等待各自的妻子生孩子。結(jié)果，在theMinnesotaTwins棒球隊(duì)效力的男人的妻子生下了一對(duì)雙胞胎。在the3MCompany上班的男人的妻子生下了三胞胎。而在四季旅館工作的男人的妻子生下了四胞胎。聽到護(hù)士的介紹之后，那個(gè)在7-Eleven公司做事的男人暈了過去。原來，聯(lián)想到前三人的工作單位和他們的妻子所生孩子的數(shù)目，第四個(gè)人生怕自己的妻子生下七個(gè)孩子。等他蘇醒過來之后，不住地嘮叨，“我真不該在7-Eleven上班?！弊x罷全文，讓人捧腹大笑。。短文首句的意思是“在一所醫(yī)院的候診室里，四個(gè)即將做爸爸的男人等待著各自的妻子分娩(孩子的降生)。”所以答案是C。?！癝urprised,heonlycouldanswer…”一句是解題的依據(jù)。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)人在四季旅館工作，D項(xiàng)明顯是錯(cuò)誤的；此人的話語中也沒有體現(xiàn)C項(xiàng)的意思；綜合考慮上面兩個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷，及“Idon’tbelieveit!IworkfortheFourSeasonsHotel!”可知A項(xiàng)也不能入選。。如果是很高興擁有七個(gè)孩子的話，第四個(gè)人就不至于說出“Ishouldneverhavetakenthatjobat7-Eleven.”這句話。這個(gè)人是在聽到第三則消息的時(shí)候才暈倒的，并不是病得厲害。由“Asheslowlycametohimself…”(蘇醒過來)也可以將B項(xiàng)排除。根據(jù)這個(gè)人再三重復(fù)的那句話，不難推測(cè)出他是害怕?lián)碛心切┟炊嗟暮⒆?。。根?jù)前面三個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷，第四個(gè)人便依次類推，認(rèn)為自己的妻子會(huì)生下七個(gè)孩子。如果事情真的巧合的話，也許會(huì)是這樣。但依據(jù)生活常識(shí)，這個(gè)人的妻子至少會(huì)生下一個(gè)妻子，算上已經(jīng)降生的九個(gè)孩子，總共是十個(gè)。所以答案非D莫屬。本題是一道考查學(xué)生推斷能力的好題目，但選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)不夠合理，通讀全文就會(huì)很容易排除前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。所以如果將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)成：A.9.B.10.C.11.D.16.這樣會(huì)增加題目的迷惑性，更能考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理能力。Passage4ItissometimessaidthattheEnglisharepolitepeople.Thiscanmakelifedifficultforforeigners.SupposeaforeignboyasksanEnglishgirltogooutwithhimandshesays,“IfIfinishmywork,I’llmeetyouinthecafeat7o’clock.”Isshesaying“yes”or“no”tohisinvitation?Ingrammaticalterms,sheisusingtheconditionalstructure.Byusingtheconditional,speakersofEnglishcanavoidgivinga“yes”or“no”answertoaquestion.Itenablespeopletobediplomatic.Ifthegirldoesn’twanttogooutwiththeboy,shewon’tturnupatthecafe.Shewilllethimunderstandsheisstillworking.Ifshewantstogooutwithhim,butdoesn’twanttoappeartooeasytocatch,shehasachievedthatwithherreply.Butinthiscase,assheusesthefirstconditionalthatshowsprobability;sheisquitelikelytoturnupatthecafe.Beingpolitecanmakelifeverydifficult!Theconditionalisoftenusedbypeopleinthenews—politicians,forexample—whowishtoavoidspeakingouttheirideas.Thisisveryimportantiftheyareontheirwaytodiscussanagreement.Noonewantstogiveawayhisorherpointsbeforeheorshestarts.Agovernmentspokesmanmightsaytoagroupofworkers,“Ifwecouldpayyoumore,wewould.”Theuseoftheconditionalheremakesroomforargumentalthoughthespeakerisusingthesecondconditionalform,whichshowsimprobability.Soitisunlikelytheworkerswillgettheirrise.“If”isasmallword,whichappearsoftenintheEnglishlanguage.Itcanshowpoliteness,reportedspeechandconditionalssuchastheFirst--probability--ifIcancometoyourparty,Iwill;theSecond--improbability--ifIsawyoutomorrow,I’dgiveyouthebook;andtheThird--impossibility(meaningitistoolatetochangesomethingthathashappened)--ifyouhavetoldme,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.注：conditionalstructure表示條件的句式avoid避免diplomatic婉轉(zhuǎn)的achieve達(dá)到politician政客1.Theusingoftheconditionalcanmakeaspeech_________.A.clearerB.quickerC.morepoliteD.moreexciting2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Languageusedinthenewsshouldmakeroomtoargue.B.UsuallyEnglishgirlsarenoteasytocatch.C.Englishpeopleneverspeakouttheirideasinpublic.D.Theword“if”canshowdifferentmeanings.3.Inthepassage,“Ifwecouldpayyoumore,wewould.”probablymeans__________.A.theworkerswillmakemoremoneyB.thespokesmandoesn’tgiveanypromiseC.thespokesmankeepshiswordD.theworkers’problemsaren’tdifficult4.Thispassageismainlytalkingabout_________.A.theconditionalincommunicationB.howtoinviteagirlinBritainC.BritishpeopleandtheirlifeD.somelanguagepointsindailyEnglish(選自2022年北京海淀區(qū)試題)【解題思路點(diǎn)撥】這篇夾敘夾議的小品文難度頗大。短文就條件句在人際交往中的運(yùn)用這一內(nèi)容展開。在日常生活中，英國人是很講禮貌的，他們通常使用表示條件的句式，以便使說出的話更委婉些。條件句的使用固然能使雙方都不失體面，但它實(shí)際上非但不能使談話的內(nèi)容更加清楚，而且使得生活變得困難起來。條件句通常為政客所用，這樣可以給他們的談話留有商量的余地。文章最后講到“if”這個(gè)詞的眾多含義，它不僅表示委婉和可能性，還能表示不大可能，甚至表示不可能。。短文首句就說英國人很有禮貌。在接下來的第二自然段中，作者舉例說明了英國人使用條件句的目的，那就是為了使自己的談話委婉些?？紤]到“…assheusesthefirstconditionalthatshowsprobability.”和“Beingpolitecanmakelifeverydifficult!”這兩句話的含義，可知條件句的使用并不能使談話的內(nèi)容更加清楚。恰恰相反，它使得生活變得困難起來。由此，迷惑性較大的A項(xiàng)可予以排除。2.D。由短文第三自然段所舉的例子，可以推斷出作者對(duì)政客們的這種做法是持否定態(tài)度的，所以選項(xiàng)A是錯(cuò)誤的。選項(xiàng)B僅僅從短文中舉的一個(gè)例子就得出結(jié)論，未免太片面了些。而C項(xiàng)所講的意思以偏概全，也是不合文意的。短文第四自然段詳細(xì)說明了if一詞的不同含義，它不僅僅可以表示禮貌，用在間接引語中，而且也可以表示可能性、不大可能，或者不可能。故D項(xiàng)是正確的。3.B。由“Theuseoftheconditionalheremakesroomforargumentalthoughthespeakerisusingthesecondconditionalform,whichshowsimprobability.”這句話，可以看出條件句的使用給政客們所說的話留有商量的余地。換句話說，政客們表面上好像答應(yīng)了工人們的請(qǐng)求，實(shí)際上并沒有給出什么承諾。因此，只有B才是正確的答案。4.A。短文從一個(gè)英國女孩被邀請(qǐng)時(shí)的答語，說到政客們的所謂許諾。我們從中不難看出短文的主旨，那就是條件句在日常交際中的運(yùn)用。不言而喻，答案非A莫屬。Passage5Doyouknowwhydifferentanimalsorpests(昆蟲)havetheirspecialcolors?Colorsinthemseemtobeusedmainlytoprotectthemselves.Somebirdslikeeatinglocusts(蝗蟲),butbirdscannoteasilycatchthem.Why?Itisbecauselocustschangetheircolorstogetherwiththechangeofthecolorsofcrops.Whencropsaregreen,locustslookgreen.Butastheharvesttimecomes,locustschangetothesamebrowncolorascropshave.Someotherpestswithdifferentcolorsfromplantsareeasilyfoundandeatenbyothers.Sotheyhavetohidethemselvesforlivesandappearonlyatnight.Ifyoustudytheanimallife,you’llfindthemainuseofcoloringistoprotectthemselves.Bears,lionsandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.Theycannotbeeasilyseenbyhunters(獵人).Thisisbecausetheyhavethecolorsmuchlikethetrees.Haveyouevernoticedanevenstrangeract?Akindoffishintheseacansendoutakindofveryblackliquid(液體)whenitfacesdanger.Whiletheliquidspreadsover(散開),itsenemies(敵人)cannotfindit.Anditimmediatelyswimsaway.Soithasliveduptonowthoughitisnotstrongatall.thepassagewelearnthatlocusts________.A.aresmallanimalsB.areeasilyfoundbybirdsC.aredangeroustotheirenemiesD.changetheircolorstoprotectthemselvescanpestswithdifferentcolorsfromplantskeepoutofdanger?A.Theyrunawayquickly.B.Theyhavethecolorsmuchliketheirenemies.C.Theyhidethemselvesbydayandappearatnight.D.Theyhavetomovequietly.andlionscankeepsafebecause_________.A.theyhavethecolorsmuchlikethetreesB.theymovequietlyC.theylikebrownandgraycolorsD.theyliveinforestscanthekindoffishliveuptonow?A.Becauseitisveryandstrong.B.Becausetheliquiditsendsoutcanhelpitescapefromitsenemies.C.Becausetheliquiditsendsoutcankillitsenemies.D.Becauseitswimsfasterthananyotherfish.isthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheChangeofColorsforAnimalsandPestsB.ColorsofDifferentAnimalsandPestsC.TheMainUseofColorsforAnimalsandPestsD.SomeAnimalsandPests(選自2022年河北省試題)【解題思路點(diǎn)撥】這是一篇科技小品文。其主要內(nèi)容是：許多昆蟲的顏色十分奇特，其主要用途是用來保護(hù)自己?；认x身體的顏色隨莊稼顏色的改變而做相應(yīng)變化，這樣就不易被捕食它們的鳥兒發(fā)現(xiàn)。有的動(dòng)物與周圍的植物顏色差別很明顯，容易被捕食者察覺，只好夜間出來活動(dòng)。更奇特的是，有一種魚，在遇到危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，會(huì)噴射出黑色液體，以掩護(hù)自己逃走。。短文第二自然段一開始講述的是蝗蟲隨莊稼顏色的改變而改變自身的顏色。聯(lián)系“…butbirdscannoteasilycatchthem.”這句話即可得出答案。2.C。本題所設(shè)的問題是：與周圍植物顏色差別明顯的昆蟲如何逃避危險(xiǎn)？第二自然段最后的“Sotheyhavetohidethemselvesforlivesandappearonlyatnight.”這句話是答案的出處。3.A。這也是一道考查表層理解能力的題目。由第三自然段最后的“Thisisbecausetheyhavethecolorsmuchlikethetrees.”這句話可以找到答案。.根據(jù)“Whiletheliquidspreadsover,itsenemiescannotfindit.Anditimmediatelyswimsaway.”這兩句話可知，這種魚噴射出黑色液體的目的是讓對(duì)方看不清自己，然后乘勢(shì)逃走。另外，由“…itsenemiescannotfindit.”可知，這種液體并不是用來殺傷對(duì)手的。所以答案是B。.根據(jù)短文的敘述和列舉的例子，顯然可以看出它主要講的是不同昆蟲和動(dòng)物身上的顏色的用途。換句話說，該短文是關(guān)于動(dòng)物是如何用顏色來保護(hù)自己的。而A項(xiàng)中說的動(dòng)物身上顏色的改變，B項(xiàng)中講的不同動(dòng)物身上的顏色，這兩項(xiàng)雖然也是短文表達(dá)的意思，但并不能概括作者向我們表達(dá)的主要意思。故不可入選。Passage6It’simportanttolearnaboutprotectingourenvironment.Hereisa5Rruleforus:1.ReduceIfyouwanttoreducewaste,youshouldusethingswisely(明智地).Alargenumberoftreesarebeingcutdowntomakepaper.Ifeveryoneusesalittlepapercarelesslyandthrowitout,soonwewouldnothaveanytreesleft.Otherthingsarealsobeingwasted,andpeopledon’tknowwhattodowiththewasteinbigcities.Soitisnecessarytoreducethewaste.Youshouldalwaysthinkofreusingtheusablethingsbeforethrowingthemout.Giveyourclothesyoudonotuseortheoneswhichtoosmalltothepoor.Inafamily,youmaypassonsuchclothestoyoungerbrothersorsisters.Bottles,cans(罐子)andpapercaneasilyberecycled.Bydoingsowesavelotsoftimeandmoney.Forexample,cokecansaresenttoafactory,wheretheyaresmashedflat(壓平)andmelted(融化)andthemetalthingsaremadefornewcokecans.Whenyoubuyaboxofapples,theremaybefewrotten(腐爛的)apples,youhavetwochoices:oneistothrowthewholeapplesaway,oryoucouldcutofftherottenpartsandusethegoodparts.Inthisway,youarerecoveringtheeatablepartsoffood.Ifoneofthebegsofyourtableisbroken,youcanrepairit.Ifyouwanttochangeforbetterones,itisbetterforyoutoselltheoldthingsorgivethemtootherpeoplewhocanusethemafterdoingsomerepair.ItistruethatNorthAmericaisa“throw-away”society,butthetimehascometochangeourwayoflifesothatwecanprotectourenvironment.Everyoneofusshouldtryourbest.“Reduce”rulemainlyrequires(要求)us_______.A.tousethingswiselyB.tocutdownmanytreesC.tousealotofpaperD.tothrowawayyouroldclothes’stherightorder(順序)ofrecyclingcokecans?a.collecttheusedcansb.meltthemc.smashthemflatd.sendthemtoafactoryA.abcdB.adcbC.dbcaD.cabd“Recover”rulemainlyrequiresus_______.A.tothrowwastethingsawayB.tocoverwastethingswithearthC.togetbacktheusefulpartsD.tothrowthewholethingsawayisthebestwaytodowithyourbrokentables?A.Throwingthemaway.B.Requiringthem.C.Sellingthem.D.Puttingthemaway.(選自2022年湖北省黃岡市試題)【解題思路點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)生存在地球上的人類來說，保護(hù)環(huán)境是非常重要的。這篇短文貼近生活，富有時(shí)代氣息。全文詳細(xì)介紹了“5R”方法的具體內(nèi)容和做法。對(duì)增強(qiáng)青少年學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識(shí)具有十分重要的意義。.顯然，這道題是關(guān)于“Reduce”的。根據(jù)這段話的首句“Ifyouwanttoreducewaste,youshouldusethingswisely(明智地).”可知答案是A。.題目的要求是，根據(jù)回收易拉罐的程序，選出正確的順序。那么回收易拉罐的具體步驟是什么呢？根據(jù)“Recycle”這部分的內(nèi)容，我們可以知道：首先要將易拉罐送到工廠去，然后在那兒將其壓平、融化，最后再制成新的易拉罐。聯(lián)系生活常識(shí)，可知在將易拉罐送往工廠之前，是由人專門將其收集到一起的。因此，正確的順序應(yīng)該是：收集舊的易拉罐---送到工廠---壓平---融化。顯然答案非B莫屬。.“Recover”這部分的主要意思是說：如果食物存在部分變質(zhì)的情況，要及早采取措施，扔掉已經(jīng)壞掉的部分，保留可以吃的部分。根據(jù)這層意思，可知C為正確答案。.本題難度不大，可以從短文中直接找出答案。答案就在“Ifoneofthebegsofyourtableisbroken,youcanrepairit.”一句中。Passage7To:PresidentBush,theWhiteHouseFrom:SaddamHussein,inBaghdadDearPresidentBush,Well,yousureruined(毀掉)mybirthday….OK,youwon,andyourprizeisIraq.Areyoureadyforit?Idon’tthinkso.Truthis,Ihopeyoufail.Yes,Iraqwasthewayitwas,inpart,becauseIwasthewayIwas---andIwasabadboy.Butwhatyou’reseeingnowisthatIwasthewayIwas,inpart,becauseIraqwaswhatitis---averydifficultplacetorule(統(tǒng)治)withoutan