2011考研英語閱讀新題型(7選5)模擬試題及分析Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutpreparingintheacademiccommunity.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.42Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownoting.43Therewerealsocrablikecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.44Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.45About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils,fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.答案詳解41.【分析】[B]從試題前后的語義邏輯關(guān)系來看，試題前面的一段話表示的信息是Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow(只管這些動物是某些活到此刻的物種的先人，但有的動物卻滅絕了，也就是說它們此刻已經(jīng)沒有后代后輩活在這個世界上)。試題的后邊的句子表明的信息是Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago(有時這些石頭能夠?qū)⑺鼈兊谋砻骘@現(xiàn)出來，這樣，除了顏色我們就能夠?qū)δ切?shù)百年前死掉的生物形成一個比較正確的印象)。從語義關(guān)系里看，前文中說動物滅絕了，暗含的意思是我們不可能獲得這些動物的任何信息，爾后邊的句子說我們能夠?qū)@些動物形成正確的印象，所以，前后文形成了顯然的對照關(guān)系，四個選項中能夠表達(dá)這類關(guān)系的，只有選項[B]。此題還能夠采納詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)來確立正確答案，從試題后邊的句子Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin來看，rocks的前面使用了定冠詞the修飾，這表示rocks在前文中必定出現(xiàn)過，但我們觀察第一段時發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段中并無出現(xiàn)對于rocks的內(nèi)容，所以能夠確立，對于rocks的內(nèi)容必定出此刻要填入的試題中。選項[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate中出現(xiàn)了動物的骨骼被保留在

therocks

中，變?yōu)榛年U述，由此能夠判斷選項

[B]是正確答案。42.【分析】[F]此題出此刻一個段落的首句，從答題策略來看，應(yīng)當(dāng)要點看后文的表達(dá)，后文中water重復(fù)了兩遍，說明這一信息是本段落的要點信息。同時這一信息很可能會在下上文中，即我們要填入的信息中出現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)詞或同現(xiàn)詞。對照選項，選項

[F]中出現(xiàn)了

lake，stream，river，sea等同類詞匯，所以能夠判斷這一選項為正確答案。

此題最大的擾亂項為

[G]，因為[G]項一開始就有

howfossilsatepreserved

與下文

Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容從形式上來看仿佛是符合的

;可是[G]項后邊講的是動物遺體上的有機(jī)組織(organism)可能轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)化成幾種形式而此題空白處后邊的內(nèi)容則告訴人們Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction(巖石中幾乎全部的化石都是因為水作用而被保留下來)，語義上主要說明泥沙對于化石保留下來所起的作用，所以二者在語義的連接上是不連接的。43.【分析】[E]此題選擇的特點詞是“also?！薄癮lso表”并列關(guān)系，語義上對前文進(jìn)行增補(bǔ)和說明，這就證明此題前面的句子中應(yīng)當(dāng)與also后的crablikecreatures(近似螃蟹的生物)相并列的內(nèi)容，或許出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)“近似螃蟹的生物”的描繪的信息。比較選項能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項[E]中出現(xiàn)的信息Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks描繪了一些生物擁有“近似螃蟹的信息”：hadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorock(有長腕且經(jīng)過長柄附著于海床或巖石上)。所以，選項[E]是正確答案。44.【分析】[A]下文一開始就出現(xiàn)了指示代詞these，這說明試題前面的句子表示了一類事物，也就是說，試題部分應(yīng)當(dāng)有“some,several,many或類”似的詞，對照答案只好是選項[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.里面出現(xiàn)了manydifferentkindsof，這個短語和后邊的指示代詞these形成了對應(yīng)關(guān)系。45.【分析】[C]從文章的整體構(gòu)造看，這里需要一個內(nèi)容的“熱潮”：前面幾段講的都是動物不停的進(jìn)化過程，而下文中表示時間的短語“About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasover很可”能向我們傳達(dá)了這樣一個信息：文章對地球上動物進(jìn)化過程的描繪很有可能是依據(jù)時間次序的，所以此題所在的段落和下邊的段落很可能存在時間上的持續(xù)關(guān)系，即此題所在的段落很可能會提到比75millionyearsago更早的時間。經(jīng)過對照選項可知選項[C]中的兩個表示時間的短語375millionyears和150millionyears和下一個段落中提到的時間狀語擁有了持續(xù)性，是正確答案。別的，還能夠