經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！第一部分通用英語PartOneEnglishforGeneralPurposesUNIT1HowtobeHappy如何獲得幸福TextReadthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.InthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositivepsychologistMartinSeligman,whereH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).Thisweekwelookattheconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.Step1:PeaceandquietJonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,TheHappinessHypothesis,notesthatresearchshowsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwithcomplainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstohavesomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.Step2:RelationshipsThisisthemostimportantofalltheexternalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquotient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelationshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreatesisolationandmisery.Whenfacedwithsuchrelationships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.Step3:ShareIfyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,remembertosharethemwithfriends.Passingonwhatworksisessentialtoimprovethewellbeingofourownandothers.1.What'sthehappinessformulaaccordingtothepassage?2.Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?3.Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?4.Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?5.Whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1(domesticupset)有很大影響。2．在職場上，如果一個同事對我們表示威嚇的話，會造成難以言表的抑郁情緒(unwretchedness)。3．我們不可能適應(yīng)這種敵對關(guān)系，這種不良的人際關(guān)系會損害身心健康。4．如果這種壞情緒長時間留在人們的心里，會讓人陷入無法解決的惡性心理困境。5．我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)回避這些問題，而是要正確面對它們。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Therearemanybenefitstobeinghappy.Happierpeopletendtobehealthier,livelongerandeammore.Theyalsotendtovolunteermore,bebetteratrelationshipsandsmilemoreofwhatpsychologistscaluchenne"orgenuinesmiles.Whatislesswellunderstoodiswhyhappinessiscontagious.AccordingtoJamesFowlerandNicholasChristakis,authorsoftheinternationalbestsellerConnected,peoplesurroundedbymanyhappyfriends,familymembersandneighbourswhoarecentraltotheirsocialnetworkbecomesignificantlyhappierinthefuture.Morespecificallyitheysaywewillbecome25percenthappierwithourlifeifafriendwholiveswithinamileofusbecomessignificantlyhappierwithhisorherlife.Similareffectsareseeninco-residentspouses(8percenthappier);siblingswholivewithinamileofeachother(14percent);andnext-doorneighbours(34percent).Whatthisimpliesisthatthemagnitudeofhappinessspreadseemstodependmoreonfrequentsocialcontact(duetophysicalproximity)thanondeepsocialconnections.Alas,forsomereasonthisdoesn'ttranslatetotheworkplace.So,whyishappinesscontagious?Onereasonmaybethathappypeoplesharetheirgoodfortunewiththeirfriendsandfamily(forexample,bybeingpragmaticallyhelpfulorfinanciallygenerous).Anotherreasoncouldbethathappypeopletendtochangetheirbehaviourforthebetterbybeingnicerorlesshostiletothoseclosetothem.Oritcouldjustbethatpositiveemotionsarehighlycontagious.【課文參考譯文】（個人生理幸福感受的固定指數(shù)）+C（個人生活狀態(tài)）+V本周我們將著眼于能提升幸福指數(shù)的生活狀態(tài)。第一步：平和寧靜喬納森·海迪在他的優(yōu)秀著作《幸福假說》當(dāng)中提到，研究境中，請一定要堅(jiān)持去居委會投訴。另外，嘗試使用耳塞，可能話，記得戴上耳機(jī)，別影響鄰里，這樣可以使雙方都感到舒適。第二步：人際關(guān)系關(guān)系陷入激烈的沖突中，會讓我們產(chǎn)生遭到背叛和遺棄的感覺。父母和孩子之間如果缺乏同情心和無私關(guān)懷，會產(chǎn)生隔閡與痛苦。當(dāng)我們面臨這類問題時，最好的辦法就是直面難題，修復(fù)關(guān)系，或者學(xué)著繼續(xù)前行。第三步：分享如果你發(fā)覺生活狀態(tài)或者做的某項(xiàng)決定對幸福生活有重大這對增進(jìn)自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有積極作用?！緟⒖即鸢浮块喿x理解1.TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesandwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.3.Ifweneedourradioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4.Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5.Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.【練習(xí)參考答案】．漢譯英1.Noisyneighborsareoneofthemajorcausesofdomesticupset.2.Acolleagueatworkwhobulliesordismissesuscreatesuntoldwretchedness.3.Wecanneverfullyadapttohostilerelationships,whichinevitablydamageourwellbeing.4.Ifthisbadmoodstaysinsideourmind,itwillleadustoanunresolveddestructivedepression.5.Weshouldnotavoidtheseproblemsbutfacetheminstead.．英譯漢幸福有許多好處。越幸福的人往往越健康、越長壽、掙的錢解不深的是，為什么幸福可以傳染。全球暢銷書《關(guān)聯(lián)》的詹姆斯·福勒和尼古拉斯·克里朋友、家人與鄰居，那么你將也會很幸福。他們表示，更準(zhǔn)確地1英里內(nèi)的一個朋友生活幸福感得到顯著提升，你的生活幸福感就會增加25%。具有同樣效果的還有同居配偶（幸福感提升8%1英里之內(nèi)的兄弟姐妹(14%)和鄰居(34%)1而不是社會關(guān)系的深度?？上в捎谀撤N原因，這并不適用于工作場合。那么，為什么幸福能夠傳染？一個原因或許是，幸福的人會與親朋好友分享好運(yùn)氣（例如，提供實(shí)際的幫助，或在經(jīng)濟(jì)上慷具有高度傳染性。UNIT2CityDesign城市設(shè)計(jì)TextReadthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.WhenI'mbeingdriventhroughacityfromourhoteltoaconferencecenter,Icouldn'thelpbutnotetheoverwhelmingpresenceofcarsandparkinglots.Theworld'scitiesareintrouble.Inhundredsofcities,thelifeofdailylifeisdeteriorating.Breathingtheairinsomecitiesisequivalenttosmokingtwopacksofcigarettesperday.Thenumberofhourscommutersspendgoingnowheresittingintraffic-congestedstreetsandhighwaysclimbshighereachyear,raisingfrustrationlevels.Inresponsetotheseconditions,weareseeingtheemergencyofanewurbanism.Injustafewyears,manycitiesbannedtheparkingofcarsonsidewalks,createdorrenovatedmoreparks,introducedahighlysuccessfulbus-baserapidtransitsystem,builthundredsofkilometersofbicyclepathsandpedestrianstreets,reducedrushhourtraffic,plantedmoretreesandinvolvedlocalcitizensdirectlyintheimprovementoftheirneighborhoods.Thequalityofurbanlifeinthesecitieshasbeengreatlyenhancedwiththevisionofacitydesignedforpeople.Nowgovernmentplannerseverywhereareexperimenting,seekingwaystodesigncitiesforpeoplenotcars.Carspromisemobility.Butinanurbanizingworldthereisaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecity.Afterapoint,astheirnumbersmultiply,automobilesprovidenotmobilitybutimmobility.Basedonthisperspective,somecitiesinindustrialanddevelopingcountriesalikewilldramaticallyincreaseurbanmobilitybymovingawayfromthecar.Letmeremindyouoncemore,citiesarebuiltforpeople,notforcars.Acityfullofcarsislikewhatthehorrifyingsci-fidepictedallmechanismandnohuman.Inordertoavoidthisdisaster,we'dbetterstartdesigningsustainablecities.1.Whatmeansoftransportationdoestheauthortaketotheconferencecenter?2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwhatishappeningincitieswheretherearemorecars?3.Whatdoesthelastsentence"thevisionofacitydesignedfor"inparagraph2mean?4.Whyisthereaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecityinurbanareas?5.Howwouldacitylooklikeifcarswereeverywhere?ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．隨著大量市民被迫遷到遙遠(yuǎn)的郊外，汽車的需求量正在飛漲。2．生態(tài)城市(eco-city)將把傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要素同最先進(jìn)的綠色技術(shù)相結(jié)合。3．預(yù)計(jì)到2010年將有一千輛燃料電池車(fuel-cellvehicles)投入使用，而到2012年將增至一萬輛。4．如今，各地方政府幾乎無一不在探討有關(guān)生態(tài)農(nóng)村、生態(tài)城鎮(zhèn)或生態(tài)城市計(jì)劃的話題。5．全世界大約一半的人口居住在城市，所以研究能緩解城市對環(huán)境影響的途徑勢在必行。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Onceatasupermarket,Ireadathought-provokingsignatthecheck-outcounter.Itsaidthestorewasusingonlyplasticbags.Thesupermarketclaimedthattheenergyandexhaustfumesexpelledtoproduceandtransportthesamenumberofpaperbagsoutweighedthefactthatplasticwasn'tbiodegradable.Paperbagstakeupmorespaceandrequiremoretrucksfortransport,sothestorebelieveditwaslesseningitscarbonfootprintbyusingplastic.Itgotmethinkingfurther.Whynotaskforplasticandbringyourusedplasticbagseachtimeyouvisitthegrocerystore?Ifyouusethemfiveorsixtimes,oruntiltheystartfallingapart,youhavereallydoneagoodthing.Youcanalsousethemtolineyoursmallwastebaskets,insteadofpurchasingplastictrashbags.【課文參考譯文】難行，耽擱的時間逐年升高，郁悶也隨之加深。起。在短短的幾年內(nèi)，許多城市的人行道上不再允許停車，新建的生活質(zhì)量有了很大的提高。之間的矛盾。超過一個臨界點(diǎn)之后，隨著汽車數(shù)量的累加，汽車提供的不再是便捷，而是停滯?；谶@個觀點(diǎn)，無論在發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國家還是發(fā)展中國家，一你，城市是為了人，不是為了汽車而建設(shè)的。擠滿汽車的城市就這場災(zāi)難，我們最好開始設(shè)計(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的城市?！緟⒖即鸢浮块喿x理解1.(Hetakes)abus.2.Carsnotonlydoharmtopeople'shealthbutalsocauseheavytrafficjam.3.Designcitiesforpeoplenot(for)cars.4.Becausepeopledependlargelyoncars.5.Therewouldbeallcars(mechanism)no-human.【練習(xí)參考答案】．漢譯英1.Thedemandforcarsissoaringasgrowingnumbersofcitizensarepushedintodistantsuburbs.2.Theeco-citywillcombineelementsoftraditionaldesignwiththelatestgreentechnologies.3.Onethousandfuel-cellvehicleswillbeestimatedtoputtouseby2010andincreaseto10,000by2012.4.Thesedays,thereishardlyalocalgovernmentthatdoesnottalkaboutplansforaneco-village,townorevencity.5.Itisfairlynecessarytosearchforwaystoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofcitiesbecausearoundhalfoftheworld'spopulationisnowcity-dwellers(isnowlivingincities).．英譯漢有一次在一家超市的收銀處，我看到了一則發(fā)人深思的廣告，上面寫著：本店只用塑料袋。超市聲稱：事實(shí)上生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸同量紙袋所消耗的能源和所排放的廢氣的危害大大超過塑料袋不能車運(yùn)送。因此，超市認(rèn)為使用塑料袋可以減少碳足跡。該告示促里盛垃圾，而不用再買垃圾專用塑料袋。UNIT3Population人口TextReadthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.Averyimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.Sowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplace?Itisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownas"DeathControl".Youhavenodoubtheardoftheterm"BirthControl"."DeathControl"issomethingratherdifferent.Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewho,notverylongago,wouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthat"includefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseases,wehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.However,thissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulation,webegintoseetheproblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremeters.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthree-fifthsoftheworld'slandcannotproducefood.Obviously,withsolittlelandtosupportus,weshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Instead,weareconsumingits"capital"itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades.Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewable,suchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.1.Whatcanbelearntaboutthepopulationgrowthatpresent?2.Accordingtothearticle,whatcontributestothepopulationincrease?3.Whatisthedoctors'jobaccordingtoparagraph2?4.Whyisn'tthereenoughlandtosupporthumanbeings?5.Inparagraph4thefertilesoilsareconsideredas___.ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish1．亞洲大陸面積占世界陸地面積的29%。2．人口的增加使土地必須生產(chǎn)更多的糧食。3．我們應(yīng)該先進(jìn)行抽樣調(diào)查再寫報(bào)告。4．我承認(rèn)我在工作中因缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)犯過這樣那樣的錯誤。5．中國的現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)和商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了職業(yè)流動和人口流動。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Areport,basedonUnitedNationsprojectionsshowingslow,steadygrowthofeconomiesandpopulations,suggeststhatbymid-century,humanity'sdemandonnaturewillbetwicethebiosphere'sproductivecapacity.Atthislevelofecologicaldeficit,exhaustionofecologicalassetsandlarge-scaleecosystemcollapsewillbecomereal.Movingtowardssustainabilitydependsonsignificantactionnow.Populationsizechangesslowly,andhuman-madecapitalhomes,cars,roads,factories,orpowerplantscanlastformanydecades.Thisimpliesthatpolicyandinvestmentdecisionsmadetodaywillcontinuetodetermineourresourcedemandthroughoutmuchofthe21stcentury.【課文參考譯文】土地資源很快不能養(yǎng)活這么巨大的人口。那么為什么會出現(xiàn)人口的大量增長呢？這的確是因?yàn)橹R的廣泛傳播和眾所周知的“死亡控制”的結(jié)果。毫無疑問，你肯各樣絕癥的病人的生命。而這些絕癥在不久之前還是不可治愈來最大的威脅。意識到這個問題。如果這個星球上的每個人都平均分一塊土地，觀了。因?yàn)槭澜缟铣^3/5的土地都不能生產(chǎn)糧食。顯然，能夠養(yǎng)活我們的耕地如此之少，我們就應(yīng)該想方設(shè)法不要讓耕地繼續(xù)減少下去。但是，我們并沒有這樣做！反而我們正在消耗它的“本錢”——其不可再生的化石燃料與其它礦藏，住在地球上的物種。【參考答案】閱讀理解1.Itcontinuestoincrease/growatitspresentrate.2.DeathControl3.Theykeeppeoplewhosufferfromincurablediseasesalive.4.Becausetheworld'slandhasalreadybeentakenup/occupiedbytheever-increasingpopulation.5.non-renewable【練習(xí)參考答案】．漢譯英1.Asiamakesuptwenty-ninepercentoftheworld'slandarea.2.Theincreasingpopulationmakesitnecessaryfortheearthtoproducemoregrain.3.Weshouldconductasamplinginvestigationbeforewewritethereport.4.IadmitthatduetolackofexperienceIhavemademistakesofallkinds.5.ThedevelopmentofmodernindustryandcommodityeconomyinChinahaspromotedoccupational(mobility)andpopulationmobility.．英譯漢一份以聯(lián)合國所作的經(jīng)濟(jì)和人口緩慢增長的預(yù)期為基礎(chǔ)的身生產(chǎn)能力的兩倍。在這樣的生態(tài)“赤字”水平下，生態(tài)資源的枯竭和大規(guī)模的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰將會成為事實(shí)。向可持續(xù)發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)Q于現(xiàn)在所采取的重大行動。人口數(shù)量變化緩慢，而人類創(chuàng)造的資本，如住宅、汽車、道路、工廠或?qū)Q定我們在21世紀(jì)的大部分時間里對資源的持續(xù)需求。UNIT4Earthquake地震Readthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.Earthquakesmayberankedasoneofthemostdevastatingforceknowntomen;sincerecordsbegantobewrittendown,ithasbeenestimatedthatearthquake-relatedfatalitieshavenumberedinmillionsandthatearthquake-relateddestructionhasbeenbeyondcalculation.Thegreaterpartofsuchdamageandlossoflifehasbeenduetocollapseofbuildingsandeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenaresultingfromearthquakes,ratherthanfromthequakesthemselves.Thegreatmajorityofallearthquakesoccurintwospecificgeographicareas.OnesuchareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses.TheotherextendsfromtheEastIndianstotheAtlasMountains,includingtheHimalayas,Iran,TurkeyandtheAlpineregions.Theymayhappenanywhereatanytime.Thiselementoftheunknownhasforcenturiesaddedgreatlytothedreadandhorrorsurroundingearthquakes,butinrecenttimestherehavebeenindicationsthatearthquakepredictionmaybepossible.Byanalyzingchangesinanimalbehavior,pattemsofmovementsintheearth'scrust,variationsintheforceofgravityandtheearth'smagneticfieldandthefrequencywithwhichminorearthtremorsareobserved,scientistshaveshownincreasingsuccessinanticipatingwhenandwhereearthquakeswillstrike.Asaresult,worldwideearthquakewarningnetworkisalreadyinoperationandhashelpedtoprepareforthevastdestructionthatmightotherwisehavebeentotallyunexpected.Itisdoubtfulthatmanwilleverbeabletocontrolearthquakesandeliminatetheirdestructivenessaltogether,butashowandwhyearthquakeshappenbecomebetterunderstood,manwillbecomemoreandmoreabletodealwiththeirpotentialdevastationbeforeitoccurs.1.Whatarethecausesofthegreatpartofthedamageandlossoflife?2.Wherearethetwomostactiveearthquakebeltsintheworld?3.Whatfactdoes“elementoftheunknown"inparagraph3referto?4.Whatfourwaysareusedtoanticipateearthquakeactivity?5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthepossibilityofearthquakepredictions?ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．會議的準(zhǔn)備工作正在順利地進(jìn)行著。2．科技發(fā)展在解決老問題的同時也帶來了一些新問題。3.1976年唐山大地震是歷史上最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之一。4．近幾年來，中國、日本和美國對地震發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)的預(yù)測取得了一定的進(jìn)步。5．地震能造成慘重的人員傷亡，毀壞建筑物，如大樓、橋梁、大壩等設(shè)施。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Ourweathersurelyisgettingstrange.Thereseemtobemoretomadoesthaninlivingmemory,longerdroughts,biggerdownpoursandrecordfloods.Unprecedentedfiresareburninginsomeareas.Scientiststellusthatforeveryonedegreeincreaseintemperature,lightningstrikeswillgoupanother10%.Anditislightning,afterall,thatisprincipallyresponsibleforignitingtheconflagrationinsomeareastoday.【課文參考譯文】地震是人類所知的最具有破壞力的自然災(zāi)害之一。自從有壞更是不計(jì)其數(shù)。地震造成的破壞如此之大，死亡如此之多，主要是由于地震引發(fā)的建筑物倒塌、巖石崩落、洪水、火災(zāi)、疾病等現(xiàn)象造成的，而不是由于地震本身。區(qū)及相鄰的大陸架，另一個是從印度東部延伸到阿特拉斯山脈，其中包括喜馬拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿爾卑斯地區(qū)。那里隨時隨地都可能發(fā)生地震。的可怕和恐懼性。但近幾年來已有跡象表明地震預(yù)測是可能的。些破壞也可能是完全不能預(yù)料的。人類是否能完全控制地震并消除它的破壞力還未可知。但發(fā)生之前，我們就能更好地應(yīng)對可能造成的破壞?！緟⒖即鸢浮块喿x理解1.Collapseofbuildingsandtheeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenafromearthquakes.2.TheareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses,EastIndianstotheAtlasMountains.3.Itreferstothefacttheearthquakescanhappenanywhereatanytime.4.a)analyzingchangesinanimalbehaviorb)patternsofmovementsintheearth'scrustc)variationsintheforceofgravityandtheearth'smagneticfieldd)observationofthefrequencyofminorearthtremors5.Earthquakepredictionisbecomingmoreandmorepossible.【練習(xí)參考答案】．漢譯英1.Preparationsforthemeetingareproceedingsmoothly.2.Astechnologicaladvancementsolvesoldproblems,italsocreatesnewones.3.The1976earthquakeinTangshanwasoneofthegreatestnaturaldisastersinhistory.4.Inrecentyears,China,JapanandtheU.Shavemadecertainprogressinforecastingwhenandwhereearthquakeswilloccur.5.Earthquakescauseseverecasualtiesanddestroyconstructionslikebuildings,damsandbridges.．英譯漢旱災(zāi)持續(xù)更久、暴雨更大、洪災(zāi)也創(chuàng)下紀(jì)錄、在一些地區(qū)火災(zāi)史無前例?？茖W(xué)家告知我們，氣溫每升高一度，閃電數(shù)量就會增加10%。畢竟，在一些地區(qū)閃電至今仍然是引起特大火災(zāi)的主要原因。UNIT5TheAftermathofBPGulfOilSpill英國石油公司墨西哥灣原油泄漏TextReadthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.IntheaftermathoftheBPoilspill,PresidentObamavoicedtheconcernsofcountlessscientists,environmentalists,andGulfCoastresidentswhenhedeclared,"We'redealingwithamassiveandpotentiallyunprecedentedenvironmentaldisaster."Thesheersizeoftheoilspill210,000gallonsadaycontaminatingtheGulfofMexicohasmanypeopleworriedabouttheshortandlong-termenvironmentalharmitiscausing.Theoilspillcouldseverelydamagefragileecosystemsforyears,possiblydecades.Beachesfouledbyoilspillsareverydifficulttocleanup.Tomakemattersworse,thespillthreatensbeachesjustasshorebirdsarenestingandseaturtlesarecomingashoretolaytheireggs.Evenworseistheeffecttheoilspillcouldhaveon.sensitivesaltmarshesandmangrovecoastlines,whichwouldbepracticallyimpossibletocleanandthatsomefearmightbepermanentlydestroyed.Thesewetlandsareconsideredthenurseriesforthefishingandseafoodindustryandareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.Becausetheycovermuchmorelandareathanbeaches,theriskoftheirexposuretodamageisgreatlyincreased.Fully98percentofthefishandshellfishharvestedintheGulfofMexicodependonestuaries,whicharecoastalwaterswherefreshwaterfromriversandstreamsmixwithseawater.Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.Manyspeciesdependonwetlandsforfood,shelterandbreeding.ThewatersoftheGulfofMexicoarehomestohundredsofspeciesofaquaticlife.Thelongertheoilfoulsthewater,themorepollutedthefoodchainbecomes,whichcouldresultinlargefishkillsandseafoodtoocontaminatedforconsumption.1.Inthefirstsentence"PresidentObamavoicedtheconcemsofcountlessscientists..."whatdoestheword"voice"mean?2.Howlongcouldthedamagetotheecosystemlast?3.Howimportantarethewetlandstothewildlife?4.Whyareestuariesdependentonwetlands?5.HowwilltheoilspillaffecttheseafoodintheGulfofMexico?ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．如何盡快處理墨西哥灣的原油泄漏是BP公司最為關(guān)注的問題。2．這起事故使環(huán)保人士對生態(tài)環(huán)境有了不小的擔(dān)憂。3洋生物帶來很大的威脅。4．所有小動物都要依靠媽媽給它們提供食物和保護(hù)。5．南極洲是多種企鵝的家。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Anoilspillistheaccidentalpetroleumreleaseintotheenvironment.Onland,oilspillsareusuallylocalizedandthustheirimpactcanbeeliminatedrelativelyeasily.Incontrast,marineoilspillsmayresultinoilpollutionoverlargeareasandpresentseriousenvironmentalhazards.Theprimarysourceofaccidentaloilinputintoseasisassociatedwithoiltransportationbytankersandpipelines(about70%),whereasthecontributionofoffshoredrillingandproductionactivitiesisminimal(lessthanl%).Largeandcatastrophicspillsreleasingmorethan30,000tonsofoilarerelativelyrareeventsandtheirfrequencyinrecentdecadeshasdecreasedperceptibly.Yet,suchepisodeshavethepotentialtocausethemostseriousecologicalrisk(primarilyforseabirdsandmammals)andresultinlong-termenvironmentaldisturbances(mainlyincoastalzones)andeconomicimpactoncoastalactivities(especiallyonfisheriesandmariculture海洋生物養(yǎng)殖).Publicconcernovermarineoilspillshasbeenclearlyaugmentedsince1967.Morerecently,thehighlypublicized1989spilloftheExxonValdezinPrinceWilliamSound,AlaskacausedunprecedenteddamagetothefragileArcticsystem.Sincethen,impressivetechnical,politicalandlegalexperienceinmanagingtheproblemhasbeengainedinmanycountriesandattheintemationallevel,mainlythroughanumberofConventionsinitiatedbytheIntemationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO).【課文參考譯文】英國石油公司原油泄漏事件之后，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的一次公開講話表達(dá)出了無數(shù)科學(xué)家、環(huán)保主義者以及墨西21萬加侖的原油泄漏并污染著墨西哥灣，這使得很多人為這次事件對環(huán)境所造成的短期和長期的危害感到擔(dān)憂。這次原油泄漏事件對脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來的嚴(yán)重破壞會持續(xù)很多年，甚至數(shù)十年。被石油污染的海灘很難被清理干凈。更糟糕的是，泄漏的石油對海灘造成污染的時間正是海鳥筑巢和海龜游到岸上孵蛋的季節(jié)。還有更糟的事情，石油污染還可能影響敏感的濕地和紅樹林海岸，而這將是幾乎不可能被清理干凈的，有些人甚至擔(dān)心這將是永久性的毀壞。這些濕地是捕魚業(yè)和水產(chǎn)品工業(yè)的搖籃，也是多種野生動物的棲息地和繁殖地。由于這些濕地面積遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于海灘的面積，所以它們面臨破壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就大大增加了。在墨西哥灣捕獲的魚類和貝類中足有98%依靠河口生存，這些河口就是江河與海水匯合的地方。而河口又依賴于濕地保證其水的質(zhì)量并為水產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈提供基礎(chǔ)。濕地是很多物種覓食、棲息和繁殖的場所。墨西哥灣水域也是成百上千種水棲動物的家園。石油對海水造成污染的時間越長，水產(chǎn)品食物鏈被污染的程度就會越大，這最終會造成大量的魚類死亡以及水產(chǎn)品被嚴(yán)重污染而無法食用。【參考答案】閱讀理解heremeans"toexpressanideaof..."2.Thedamagetotheecosystemcouldlastdecades.3.Thewetlandsareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.4.Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.5.Manyfishwilldieandtheseafoodwillbetoocontaminatedforconsumption.【練習(xí)參考答案】．漢譯英1.HowtourgentlydealwiththeoilspillattheGulfofMexicoremainsthebiggestconcernforBP.2.Thisaccidenthasmanyenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutthedamageitdoestotheecosystem.3.Oilspillsdonotjustpollutetheocean,tomakethingsworse,theyposegreatthreattomanyspeciesofaquaticlifeaswell.4.Allbabyanimalsaredependentontheirmothersforfoodandprotection.5.Antarcticaisthenaturalhabitatformanyspeciesofpenguins.．英譯漢原油泄漏是指由于事故導(dǎo)致石油泄漏到環(huán)境中的事件。在陸地上，由于原油泄漏發(fā)生在局部地區(qū)，因此其造成的影響相對來說容易清理。相比之下，海上原油泄漏會造成大范圍的石油污染并帶來嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境危害。約有70%的海上原油泄漏事故的主要原因與油輪和原油運(yùn)輸管道有關(guān)，而海上鉆井和采油活動引發(fā)的原油泄漏事件則占很小的比例（在1%大災(zāi)難性原油泄漏事故并不多見，而且近幾十年來這些重大事故也在逐步減少。盡管如此，這類事故的發(fā)生依然會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，尤其是海鳥和哺乳動物，造成最嚴(yán)重的危害，并且導(dǎo)致海岸地區(qū)長期環(huán)境失調(diào)，對海岸商業(yè)活動（如捕魚業(yè)和海洋生物養(yǎng)殖業(yè)）帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。公眾對于海上原油泄漏事件的關(guān)注從1967年開始明顯上升。較近的一次原油泄漏事故，即眾所周知的1989年?？松尽巴郀柕滤埂碧栍洼喸诎⒗辜又萃踝訛硵R淺事件。這次事故對脆弱的北冰洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了有史以來最為嚴(yán)重的破壞。從那之后，國際海事組織召開了眾多會議，幫助很多國家以及國際社會在處理這一問題上獲得了很好的技術(shù)、政治和法律上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。UNIT6GreenComputers“綠色”電腦Readthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.Computermanufacturers,chipmakersandsoftwarecompaniesaredeveloping"greener"productsforenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.Whilesometechcompaniesaredevelopingmoreenergy-efficientproductlines,othersarereleasingsoftwaretomakeexistingcomputersconsumeless.Andelectronicsmanufacturersareexpanding_waystomakenewcomputersoutofrecycledmaterials,aswellasencouragecustomerstorecycleoldmachines.Consumersmaypayaslightpremiumforsomeeco-friendlyelectronics,butmanypriceswillbecomparablewithtraditionalofferings.Severalfactorsarepushingcompaniestobegreener.Manywanttostayaheadofenvironmentallegislationandtogarnerfavorwithgreeninvestors.Andwithenergypriceshigh,theyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhoarelookingforwaystochipawayatexpenses.Thecomputerindustryhasbeenworkingonimprovingenergyconsumptionforyears.Thenewerfocushasbeenontoxinsandrecycling.Forexample,LenovoGroupLtd.uses10%to25%recycledplasticsharvestedfromwaterbottles.Lastmonth,IntelCroducednewchipsthatitsayswillspeedupcomputingperformancewithoutsuckingupadditionalpower.Thecompanyalsodevelopedtechnology,calledRemoteWake,tokeepcomputersinalow-energymodeuntilusersneedthemforretrievingfilesovertheInternet.Hewlett-PackardCo.hasdevelopedanewfeaturecalledAuto-On/Auto-Offthatputsinactiveprintersintoasleepmodeandcanquicklypowerbackuponcetheyareusedagain.ThisfeaturehasbeenaddedtoHP'spersonaldesktoplaserprintersin2009.Attentiontomanufacturingmaterialsisapriority.HPintroducedanink-jetprinterthatismadeof83%recycledplastics.Expertssaythatkeepingyouroldcomputeroutofthelandfillisbetterfortheenvironmentthanbuyinganewone.1.Whyarecomputermanufacturersconsideringdevelopinggreenerproducts?2.Comparedtotheoldcomputer,thepriceofthegreenermachineis_____.3.Fromthethreeexamples,Lenovo,IntelandHP,wecanknowthat_______.4.WhatisthefunctionofAuto-On/Auto-Off?5.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．許多政府機(jī)構(gòu)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行鼓勵使用綠色電腦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定。2．綠色設(shè)計(jì)是指設(shè)計(jì)節(jié)能和對環(huán)境無害的零件。3(carryout)公司范圍內(nèi)的成本削減計(jì)劃。4．環(huán)保、慈善(philanthropy)和良好的員工關(guān)系是該公司成長壯大的重要因素。5盡量以環(huán)保的(environmentallysound)方式來使用。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Overthelastfewdecades,withtheirfastdevelopmentwesterncivilizationshavebusilysowntheseedso