經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！全國職稱英語等級(jí)考試試題（理工類）第一部分閱讀理解(75)Passage1CATVisashortwayofsaying"communityantenna()television."But"cabletelevision"isthetermmostpeopleuse.CabletelevisionallowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthattheycannotpickupwiththeirregularantennas.Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve曲線)oftheearth.Theytravelinstraightlinesinalldirections.SignalsfromaTVstationmovetowardthehorizon()andthengointospace.Ifyouliveonlyafewmilesfromastation,youmaynotgetanypictureatall.CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationssharedthecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawasusuallyplacedonahill,amountain,oronahightower.TheantennapickedupTVsignalsandfedthemintoasmalllocalstation.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranouttonearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge.CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Localstationscouldfeedprogramsintoemptychannelsthatwerenotinuse.Peoplealongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,weatherreports,andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge.Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedintocities.Itbringsinextraprogramsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.Itisalsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry.1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat________.○A.mostpeopleusecabletelevision○B(yǎng)."communityantenna"isanothernamefor"regularantenna"○C.acommunityantennaisusedforcabletelevision○D.regularantennascannotpickupTVsignalsprograms2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTVsignalstravel?○A.Inacurve.○B(yǎng).Inastraightline.○C.Inalldirection.○D.Towardthehorizon.3.CableTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause_____________.○A.itisfreeofcharge○B(yǎng).itcanprovidemoreprograms○C.itprovidesallTVusersgoodpictures○D.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagoodreceptionthroughCATV4.Onthewhole,thispassageisabout________.○A.howtoputuphighantennas○B(yǎng).awayofpickingupbetterTVprograms○C.howtousetheemptychannelsonyourTVset○D.thewaythatTVsignalsaresent5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat__________.○A.TVhasbeguntobeusedforeducationalpurposes○B(yǎng).thereisnochargeforCATV○C.cableTVcannotbeusedinmountainousareas○D.antennasforcableTVareusuallyputupinthecenterofacommunityPassage2Inearliesttimes,menconsideredlightningtobeoneofthegreatmysteriesofnature.Someancientpeoplebelievedthatlightningandthunderweretheweaponsofthegods.Inreality,lightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabovetheearth.Asingleflashoflightning1.6kilometerslonghasenoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs.TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,BenjaminFranklin,wasthefirsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin1752.Inthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod.Thisdeviceprotectsbuildingsfromdamagebylightning.Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightingcontainsmorethan15millionvolts.Asparkbetweenacloudandtheearthmaybeaslongas13kilometers,andtravelataspeedof30millionmeterspersecond.Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout2000millionflashesoflightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesalongitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday.Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisinaclosedcar.Outside,oneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetundertrees.Also,oneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetalfences.Insideahouse,peopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings.Withlightning,itisbettertobesafethansorry!6.Lightningisreally__________.○A.weapon○B(yǎng).electricity○C.light○D.mystery7.Peopleoncethoughthatlightningcamefrom__________.○A.scientists○B(yǎng).ground○C.lightningrod○D.gods8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduceenoughelectricityfor______bulbs.○A.10,000○B(yǎng).1,000○C.1,000,000○D.1009.BenjaminFranklin___________.○A.madethefirstlightningrod○B(yǎng).inventedelectricity○C.builttheEmpireStateBuilding○D.preventedLightningfromhittingcars10._________isthebestplacetobeduringanelectricalstorm.○A.Swimmingpool○B(yǎng).ahighground○C.Underatree○D.AcarPassage3Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientistsintheoil-consumingnationshavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotential(潛在的)ofsolarenergy.Someexpertsestimatethatthepresentsupplyoffossil(化石)fuelwillnotlastuntiltheendofthetwentiethcentury.Theproblemthatsolarenergyresearchersfaceishowtoharness利用)thesun'senergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.Oneofthemostpopularmethodscurrentlybeingtestedusesrooftopsolarcollectorsandundergroundstoragetanks.Anadvantageofaproperlyworkingsystemofthistypeisthatitwillnotcreateanyenvironmentalpollution.Anotheradvantageofusingsolarenergyisthatthecostofthefuel-thesun'srays-iszero.Whenasolarheatingsystemisworkingatmaximum(最大的)efficiency,itcanprovideupto80percentofwinterheatingneeds.11.Themaintopicofthispassageis__________.○A.theshortageoffossilfuel○B(yǎng).theproblemsthatenergyresearchersface○C.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem○D.aninexpensiveenergysource12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof__________.○A.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage○B(yǎng).fossilfuelconversion○C.undergroundoiltanks○D.watercollectionandevaporation13.Thecostofusingthesun'sraysforheatingis___________.○A.aboutthesameasthecostoffossilfuels○B(yǎng).severalhundreddollarsperyear○C.negligiblecomparedwithotherenergysources○D.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolarenergy?○A.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution.○B(yǎng).Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved.○C.Fossilfuelswillbecomemoreplentiful.○D.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimportoil.15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossilfuelwillnotlast_______.○A.onemorecentury○B(yǎng).anindeterminabletime○C.untiltheendofthiscentury○D.indefinitely第二部分完成句子(25分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子，每個(gè)空格只能填一個(gè)單詞。有的單詞第一個(gè)字母已經(jīng)給出，請將其余字母補(bǔ)全。Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZealand.Therewasatelevisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,outinthenightsky,abrightsphere(球體)cameintoview.Everyoneonboardsawitandeveryonethough,"UFO"-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.Thecameracrewwentintoactionandstartedfilming.Thatweekpeopleallovertheworldsawthefilmofthismysteriouslightontheirtelevisionscreens.Whatwasit?Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitorsfromanotherplanet?Thecaptainoftheaeroplaneandthefilmcrewbelieveditwas.Otherobservershadmanydifferentexplanations.SomesaiditwasVenus(金星).Otherssaiditwasjustatrickoflight.Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.Hethoughtthataflockofbirdswascausingdotsonhisradarscreenwhenthe"UFO"appeared.MostastronomersnowbelievethatwhatthesepeoplesawwasalmostcertainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitisverybrightandeasytosee.Andfromamovingaeroplaneitcanappeartobemovingfast.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsorspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.TheseyearsinvestigatorsofUFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsofsighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesaidtheysawaUFO.Ninetypercentoftheseturnedouttohaveasimpleexplanation.However,it'sgoodideatokeepanopenmind.ScientistsinsomecountriesaretryingtopersuadetheirgovernmentstohelpthemstudyUFOs.Andtheyareplanningtocooperateinter-nationallyonreportingandinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs.Afterall,itisquitepossiblethatthereislifeoutthereintheuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,itisquitepossiblethatitwillcometovisitus.16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasavspaceshipfromanotherplanet.17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus.18.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsarespfromouterspace.19.SomescientistsintheworldareplanningtodosomeronUFOs.20.Plifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous.第三部分閱讀理解(80分)Passage1Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshavedrasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasourviewsbothofourselvesasindividualsinsocietyandoftheuniverseasawhole.MaybeoneofthemostprofounddevelopmentsofthelastdecadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,whichallowsscientiststointroducegenetic(遺傳學(xué)的)material(orgenes)fromoneorganismintoanother.Initssimplestform,thetechnologyrequirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,eitherdirectlyfromtheDNAoftheorganismunderstudy,orartificiallysynthesizedfromanDNA.ThispieceofDNAisthenligated(結(jié)扎)toafragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhasthecapacitytoreplicate()itselfindependently.Therecombinantmoleculethusproducedcanbeintroducedintothecommonintestinal(內(nèi)部的)bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcanbegrowninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Underproperconditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthebacteria,butalsoexpressitself,throughtheprocessoftranscriptionandtranslation,togiverisetolargeamountsofthespecificproteincodedbytheforeigngene.Thetechnologyhasalreadybeensuccessfullyappliedtotheproductionofseveraltherapeutically(療法的)importantbiomolecules,suchas,growthhormones,interferon,insulin.Manyotherimportantapplicationsareunderdetailedinvestigationinlaboratoriesthroughouttheworld.21.RecombinantDNAtechnologyconsistsprimarilyof____________.○A.producingseveraltherapeuticallyimportantbiomolecules○B(yǎng).givingrisetolargeamountsofprotein○C.introducinggeneticmaterialfromoneorganismintoanother○D.usingaviralenzymecalledreversetranscriptase22.RecombinantDNAtechnologyhasbeenusedintheproductionofallofthefollowingbiomoleculesexcept___________.○A.growthhormones○B(yǎng).Escherishchiacoli○C.interferon○D.insulin23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?○A.Theforeigngenewillreplicateinthebacteria,butitwillnotexpressitselfthroughtranscriptionandtranslation.○B(yǎng).ThebacteriumEscherishchiacolicanbegrowninlargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.○C.Researchcontinuesinanefforttofindotherusesforthistechnology.○D.RecombinantDNAtechnologyisarecentdevelopment.24.ExpressionofageneinEscherishchiacolirequires________.○A.theviralenzymereversetranscriptase○B(yǎng).theprocessesoftranscriptionandtranslation○C.productionofinsulinandotherbiomolecules○D.thatthebacteriabegrowninasyntheticmedia25.Thetermrecombinantisusedbecause___________.○A.byligation,arecombinantmoleculeisproduced,whichhasthecapacityofreplication○B(yǎng).thetechniquerequiresthecombinationofseveraltypesoftechnology○C.byligation,arecombinantproteinisproduced,partofwhoseaminoacidscomefromdifferentorganism○D.EscherishchiacoliisarecombinantorganismPassage2Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwillobservethebasicconceptsofgeometrybeinglearned.Oncethebabyhasmasteredtheideathatspaceisthree-dimensional,itreachesoutandbeginsgraspingvariouskindsofobjects.Itisthen,fromperhapsninetofifteenmonths,thattheconceptsofsetsandnumbersareformed.Sofar,sogood.Butnowominous不祥的)developmenttakesplace.Thenervefibersinthebraininsulate(使隔離)themselvesinsuchawaythatthebabybeginstohearsoundsveryprecisely.Soonitpicksuplanguage,anditisthenbroughtintodirectcommunicationwithadults.Fromthispointon,itisusuallydownhillallthewayformathematics,becausethechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsofthecommunityintowhichithasbeensounfortunateastohavebeenborn.Naturehavingdoneverywellbythechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsoftothispoint,havingpermittedittheluxuryofthinkingforitselfforeighteenmonths,nowabandonsittothearbitraryconventionsandbeliefsofsociety.Butatleastthechildknowssomethingofgeometryandnumbers,anditwillalwaysretainsomememoryoftheearlyhalcyon(平靜的)daysnomatterwhatvicissitudes()itmaysufferlateron.Themainreservoirofmathematicaltalentinanysocietyisthuspossessedbychildrenwhoareabouttwoyearsold.Childrenwhohavejustlearnedtospeakfluently.26.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?○A.Theimpactoflanguageonmathematics.○B(yǎng).Children'sabilitytolearnlanguages.○C.Howbasicconceptsofphysicsarelearned.○D.Math-learningstrategiesforbabies.27.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingactivitieswouldteachababygeometry?○A.Pickingupawoodenblock.○B(yǎng).Recognizingthenumber2.○C.Utteringanonsenseword.○D.Lookingatdistantobjects.28.Accordingtotheauthor,atwhatagedoesachildprobablybegintolearnaboutsetsandnumbers?○A.Sixmonths.○B(yǎng).Ninemonths.○C.Fifteenmonths.○D.Eighteenmonths.29.Theuseoftheword"ominous"showsthattheauthorbelievethechild's_____.○A.linguisticfutureisthreatened○B(yǎng).nerveswilldeteriorate○C.hearingwillsuffer○D.mathematicalabilityalldecline30.Thepassagesupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions?○A.Thelanguageconceptsusedinearlyeducationinterferewithmathematicalreasoning.○B(yǎng).Itishopelesstotrytoteachchildrenmathematicsaftertheageoftwo.○C.Languageteachingshouldincorporatesomemathematicalformulas.○D.Preschooleducationshouldstresssociety'sbeliefsandconventions第四部分概括大意(20分)給下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主題用一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞表示，空出的詞已給出了第一個(gè)字母，請把其余字母補(bǔ)全。31.TheSolarEThesunisthesourceofmostoftheheatknowntous.Asadirectsourceofheat,thesunmaintainslifeuponthisplanet,150000000kilometersdistant.Itisalsoanindirectsourceofheat.Sincetheearthisderivedfromthesun,itisthelatterthatwemusttracesomeoftheearth'sinternalheatthatrevealsitselfthroughvolcanoes,geysers),andhotsprings.32.InsectsandSurfaceTAninsectisnotafraidofgravity,butitisindeadlyfearofanotherforceofnature.Thisforceiscalledsurfacetension().Amancomingoutofabathcarrieswithhimafilmofwateraboutonefiftiethofaninchinthickness.Thisweightsaboutapound.Awetmousehastocarryitsownweightinwater.Awetflyhastoliftmanytimesitsownweight,and,aseveryoneknows,aflyoncewettedbywateroranyotherliquidisinaveryseriouspositionindeed.Aninsectgoingforadrinkisinasgreatdangerasamanleaningovertheedgeofacliffinsearchoffood.Ifitoncefallsintothegripofthesurfacetensionofthewater-thatistosay,getswetitislikelytoremainsountilitdrowns.Afewinsectscontrivetobeunwettable;themajoritykeepawayfromtheirdrinkbymeansoflongproboscis().33.TofBoilingPointofLiquidsWhenthetemperatureofaliquidisraisedenough,theliquidboils.Thismeansthatbubblesofvapor,containingmillionsofmoleculesformbelowthesurface.Inorderforsuchbubblestobeproduced,thepressureofthevaporinsidethemmustbeequaltothepressureoftheairuponthesurfaceoftheliquid.Iftheairpressureisgreater,thebubblewillcollapse.Theboilingpointofaliquid,then,isthetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheatmosphericpressureupontheliquidatthesurface.34.EandContractionSolidsalsoexpandwithincreaseintemperatureandcontractwhencooled.Buttheydonotbehavequitesouniformly()inthisrespectasliquidsandgasesdo,particularlyinthecaseofwidevariations,intemperature.Mostsolidsexpendorcontractbyadefiniteamountforeverydegreeofthetemperaturethatrisesorfalls.Theamountbywhichonsubstanceexpandsandcontractsforonedegreeisnotusuallythesameasthatforadifferentsubstance.Thus,foragivenriseintemperature,apieceofbrassexpandsatlittlemorethanapieceofcopperandmuchmorethanapieceofsteelofthesamesize.35.AofElectricTrainsElectrictrainshavemanyadvantagesoverthosedrawnbysteamengines.Thereisnosmoketosoilthepassengers'clothesandthecushionsinthetrain.Becausetheycarrynoheavyloadsofcoalandwater,thesetrainscanstartandstopwithlesswasteofpower.Inastationtheyaresilent:there'snosteamtoproducenoisetodeafenthepassengers.第五部分閱讀理解(120)Passage1Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror…theglassintheroofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe7oCwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapesinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.ThisfitsthetheorythatcarbonDioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis.Whichnaturalcausehasthemosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableaffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadefaultofthousandsofyeaswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia()oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesunsdiminishingheat.36.Itcanconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould____________.○A.preventthesun'sraysfromreachingtheearth'ssurface○B(yǎng).meanawarmingupintheArctic○C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere○D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth'ssurface37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain_________.○A.thegreenhouseeffect○B(yǎng).thesolareffectsontheearth○C.themodelsofsolar-weatherintraction's○D.thecausesaffectingweather38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis________.○A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising○B(yǎng).possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting○C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate○D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy39.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat__________.○A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler○B(yǎng).itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatetotakeeffect○C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects○D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect40.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,__________.○A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels○B(yǎng).icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere○C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly○D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearthPassage2Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsic()andconsubstantial(同體的)toman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted,andthattheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasofacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsorapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacy(第一位)andautonomyofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians空想家).Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedth