英譯中國(guó)現(xiàn)代散文選（漢英對(duì)照）張培基譯注RenderedintoEnglishbyZhangPeiji(AnnotatedBilingualEdition)外教社1999年5月第1版目錄艱難的國(guó)運(yùn)與雄健的國(guó)民········ 李大釗螃蟹················· 魯迅落花生················ 許地山差不多先生傳············· 胡適不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)············· 胡適我之于書··············· 夏丐尊中年人的寂寞············· 夏丐尊我坐了木船·············· 葉圣陶背影················· 朱自清匆匆················· 朱自清木匠老陳··············· 巴金朋友················· 巴金夢(mèng)·················· 巴金《激流》總序············· 巴金做一個(gè)戰(zhàn)士·············· 巴金笑·················· 冰心雨雪時(shí)候的星辰············ 冰心我的父母之鄉(xiāng)············· 冰心祖父與燈火管制············ 冰心話說(shuō)短文··············· 冰心路畔的薔薇·············· 郭沫若夕暮················· 郭沫若白發(fā)················· 郭沫若水墨畫················ 郭沫若墓·················· 郭沫若想北平················ 老舍養(yǎng)花················· 老舍白楊禮贊··············· 茅盾故都的秋··············· 郁達(dá)夫談結(jié)婚················ 郁達(dá)夫永遠(yuǎn)的憧憬與追求··········· 蕭紅當(dāng)鋪················· 蕭紅野草················· 夏衍戀愛(ài)不是游戲············· 廬隱我若為王··············· 聶紺弩清貧················· 方志敏離別················· 鄭振鐸時(shí)間即生命·············· 梁實(shí)秋學(xué)問(wèn)與趣味·············· 梁實(shí)秋棗核················· 蕭乾黎明前的北京············· 季羨林文學(xué)批評(píng)無(wú)用論············ 季羨林父親················· 魯彥母親的回憶·············· 朱德巷·················· 柯靈第二次考試·············· 何為下蛋·唱雞及其它··········· 謝逸快樂(lè)的死亡·············· 陸文夫耳聞不如目見(jiàn)············· 顧均正幼年魯迅··············· 王士菁為奴隸的母親············· 柔石致蔣經(jīng)國(guó)信·············· 廖承志3艱難的國(guó)運(yùn)與雄健的國(guó)民李大釗歷史的道路不會(huì)是坦平的有時(shí)走到艱難險(xiǎn)阻的境界這是全靠雄健的精神才能沖過(guò)去的(1)。一條浩浩蕩蕩的長(zhǎng)江大河，有時(shí)流到很寬闊的境界(2)，平原無(wú)際，一瀉萬(wàn)里(3)。有時(shí)流到很逼狹的境界兩岸叢山迭嶺絕壁斷崖江河流于期間回環(huán)曲折極其險(xiǎn)峻(4)。民族生命的進(jìn)展，其經(jīng)歷亦復(fù)如是。人類在歷史上的生活正如旅行一樣旅途上的征人(5)所經(jīng)過(guò)的地方有時(shí)是坦蕩平原有時(shí)是崎嶇險(xiǎn)路(6)志于旅途的人走到平坦的地方因是高高興興地向前走，走到崎嶇的境界，俞是奇趣橫生(7)，覺(jué)得在此奇絕壯絕(8)的境界，俞能感到一種冒險(xiǎn)的美趣(9)。中華民族現(xiàn)在所逢的史路是一段崎嶇險(xiǎn)阻的道路在這段道路上實(shí)在亦有一種奇絕壯絕的境至使我們經(jīng)過(guò)此段道路的人感得一種壯美的趣味是非有雄健的精神的，不能夠感覺(jué)到的。我們的揚(yáng)子江黃河可以代表我們的民族精神揚(yáng)子江及黃河遇見(jiàn)沙漠遇見(jiàn)山峽都是浩浩蕩蕩的往前流過(guò)去，以成其濁流滾滾，一瀉萬(wàn)里的魄勢(shì)(10)。目前的艱難境界那能阻抑我們民族生命的前進(jìn)我們應(yīng)該拿出雄健的精神高唱著進(jìn)行的曲調(diào)，在這悲壯歌聲中，走過(guò)這崎嶇險(xiǎn)阻的道路。要知(11)在艱難的國(guó)運(yùn)中建造國(guó)家，亦是人生最有趣味的事……。NationalCrisisvsHeroicNationLiDazhaoThecourseofhistoryisneversooth.Itissetiesbesetwithiicultiesandobstaclesandnothingshortofahericspiritcanhelpsurountthe.Aightylongriversoetiesflowsthrouhabroadsectionithplainslyingboundlessoneitherside,itswatersrollingonnon-stopforthousandsuponthousandsofiles.Soetiesitcoesupagainstanarrowsectionflankedbyhighountainsandsteepcliffs,windingthroughacoursewithanyaperiloustwistandturn.Anation,inthecourseofitsdevelopent,fareslikewise.Thehistoricalcourseofan’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthrughnowabroad,levelplain,owarugged,hazardusroad.Whileadeterinedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefasciatingtocetoaruggedplace,theenorouslyagnificentspectaclefwhich,hefeels,isbettrabletogenerteinhimawonderulsensationofadventure.TheChinesenationisnowonfrontedwitharuggedanddangeroussectionofitshistoricalcourse.Nevertheless,threislsointhisseionaspectacleofenormousagnificencethatinspiresinuspassers-byadelightfulsensationofsplendor.Andthisdelightfulsensation,hoever,canonlybesharedbythosewithaheroicspirit.TheYangtseRiverandtheYellowRiverarebthsybolicofournatinalspiitthetwoightyriversnegtitedesetsandgorgesuntilthirturbidtrrntssurgeorwardwithirresiibleforce.Thepreentnationalcrisiscanneverobstruttheadvanceofournationallife.Letusbraceupourspiritsandarchthroughthisrugged,dangerousroadtothetuneofoursolen,stirringsongs.Thegeatestjoyoflife,indyou,istobuildupourcountryduringits注釋:李大釗此文載于13年12月0日新國(guó)民》第一卷第2上，短小雋永，堪稱一首詩(shī)意盎然的抒情散文詩(shī)作者用象征比喻等手法說(shuō)明歷史發(fā)展的必然規(guī)律以及中國(guó)革命面臨的艱難險(xiǎn)阻。(1)“這是靠雄健的精神才能沖過(guò)去的譯為nthngshotofaheoicspirtcanhlpurontthe，其中nothingshortof相當(dāng)于ohiglesshn或nl。(2“寬闊的境界須按上下文譯為abrodscto“境界”在這里不宜譯為real、plce、area等。(3)“一瀉萬(wàn)里”譯為rolingonnn-sopforhusndspnhusadsofiles，但也可譯為rollngnioroulyfortnsoftousnsofiles或rolignforhusadsofilesatastrth。(4)“回環(huán)曲折，極其險(xiǎn)峻”譯為idigthruhacurseihanyaperiustistadtrn，其中twistadurn來(lái)自語(yǔ)twistsndurns。此句可譯為folingaageoustoruusourse。(5)“征人”即“遠(yuǎn)行之人”，故譯“旅途上的征人”為atavlernangjurne。(6“有時(shí)……有時(shí)……譯為nw……now…（＝soeties……andoeties……。(7)“奇趣橫生”意即“極度吸引人”，故譯為fasciaig。(8)“奇絕壯絕”意即“無(wú)限壯觀”，故譯為theenorouslyagificntspctal。(9“感到一種冒險(xiǎn)的美趣意“一種敢于冒險(xiǎn)的美妙感覺(jué)原譯為awonderflssatinofavnur。(10“遇見(jiàn)漠遇見(jiàn)山峽都是浩浩蕩蕩的往前流過(guò)去以成其濁流滾滾一瀉萬(wàn)里的魄勢(shì)”譯為ngoiedesertsndgoresutilheirurbdtrentssurgeforwardwithirresistibleforce,其中動(dòng)詞tongtate的意思“順利通過(guò)”（toucednetigastsoethigdiffiut）又，注意utl在里的用法它在此不“直到……為止解而是sothatfinall“以至于……或“最后”）的意思。(11“要知譯為indu插入句成語(yǔ)indou的意是indwhtIsay或hover,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“請(qǐng)注意”或“說(shuō)真的”。螃 蟹魯迅老螃蟹覺(jué)得不安了，覺(jué)得全身太硬了(1)，自己知道要蛻殼(2)了。他跑來(lái)跑去的尋他想尋一個(gè)窟穴躲了身子將石子堵了穴口隱隱的蛻殼。他知道外面蛻殼(3)是危險(xiǎn)的。身子還軟(4)，要被別的螃蟹吃去的。這并非空害怕，他實(shí)在親眼見(jiàn)過(guò)。他慌慌張張的走。旁邊的螃蟹(5)問(wèn)他說(shuō)：“老兄，你何以這般慌？”他說(shuō)：“我要蛻殼了?！薄熬驮谶@里蛻不是很好么？我還要幫你呢?！薄澳强商氯肆恕！薄澳悴慌驴哐ɡ锏膭e的東西，卻怕我們同種么？”“我不是怕同種?！薄澳鞘桥率裁茨?？”“就怕你要吃掉我(6)?！盩heCrab

LuXunAnoldcrabgrewrestless.Findinghiselfstiffallover,heknewitwastieforhimtooulthisshell.Hedashedereandthereinserchofacavetohide.Hewasgoingtoblockupthemouthofcavesothathecouldoultinscret.Heknewitwouldbeverydangeroustoshedhisshellinteopenbecase,withhisnewshellstillbeingsoft,heightbeeatenupbyothercrabs.Thisfearwasnotgroundlessforhehiselfhadreallyseenithappentootheroultingcrabs.Theoldcrabkeptovingaboutinahurry.Anearbycrabasked,“Hey,brother,what’stherush?”“Iamgoingtooult,”answeredtheoldcrab.“ouldn’titbeallrighttooultrighthere?Icouldhelpyououtwithit.”“Howhorriblethatwouldbe!”“Youeanwhileyou’llnotscaredofothertingsinthecaveyou’rescaredofyourownkind?”“No,I’mnotscaredofmyownkind.”“Thenwhatareyouscaredof?”“Nothingbutbeingeatenupbyyou.”注釋:《螃蟹》是近年發(fā)現(xiàn)的魯迅佚文。文章發(fā)表于1919年8月，時(shí)值五四運(yùn)動(dòng)方興未艾，作者通過(guò)寓言故事，提醒人們新生事物往往有被舊事物消滅于萌芽狀態(tài)的危險(xiǎn)。(1)“覺(jué)得全身太硬了”譯為Finighiselfstiffalver，其中allover意“全身”或“渾身”，作狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)用。如逐字譯為finighiswolebdystiff并無(wú)不可，但語(yǔ)言稍欠地道。(2)“蛻殼”譯為tooulthishel，中tooult為專用語(yǔ)，意同tocastof。(3“外面蛻殼中“外面意“在露天故譯（tooulinhepe以代替tooultoutiehecve。(4“身子還軟意“蛻去舊殼后新殼還軟故譯為withisewshlstllbigsft按字面直譯為withhisbdystilengsoft則欠確“身子在此“新殼不泛“軀體。(5)“旁邊的螃蟹”譯為Anearbycrb比Ａcrbsidehim靈活。(6)“就怕你要吃掉我”譯為otigutignpbyo,乃I’mscaredofnohngbutbengetenpbyou之。落花生許地山我們屋后有半畝隙地母親說(shuō)“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜既然你們那么愛(ài)吃花生，就辟來(lái)做花生園罷(1)?！蔽覀儙讉€(gè)姊弟(2)和幾個(gè)小丫頭都很喜歡——買種的買種，動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土，灌園的灌園；過(guò)了不幾個(gè)月，居然收獲了！媽媽說(shuō)“今晚我們可以做一個(gè)收獲節(jié)(3)也請(qǐng)你們的爹爹來(lái)嘗嘗我們底新花生，如何？我們都答應(yīng)了母親把花生做成好幾樣食品(4)還吩咐這節(jié)期要在園里底茅亭舉行。那晚上底天色不大好(5)可是爹爹也來(lái)到實(shí)在很難得爹爹說(shuō)“你們愛(ài)吃花生嗎？”我們都爭(zhēng)著答應(yīng)：“愛(ài)！”“誰(shuí)能把花生底好處說(shuō)出來(lái)？”姊姊說(shuō)：“花生底氣味很美?！备绺缯f(shuō)：“花生可以榨油。”我說(shuō)：“無(wú)論何等人都江堰市可以用賤價(jià)買它來(lái)吃；都喜歡吃它。這是它的好處。”爹爹說(shuō)“花生底用處固然很多但有一樣是很可貴的這小小的豆(6)不像那好看的蘋果桃子石榴把它們底果實(shí)懸在枝上鮮紅嫩綠的顏色(7)令人一望而發(fā)生羨慕的心它只把果子埋在地底等到成熟才容人把它挖出來(lái)你們偶然看見(jiàn)一棵花生瑟縮(8)地長(zhǎng)在地上，不能立刻辨出它有沒(méi)有果實(shí)，非得等到你接觸它才能知道?！蔽覀兌颊f(shuō)：“是的。”母親也點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。爹爹接下去說(shuō)：“所以你們要像花生(9)，因?yàn)樗怯杏玫牟皇莻ゴ蠛每吹臇|西我說(shuō)“那么人要做有用的不要做偉大、體面的人了?！钡f(shuō)：“這是我對(duì)于你們的希望?！蔽覀冋劦揭龟@才散，所有花生食品雖然沒(méi)有了，然而父親底話現(xiàn)在還印在我心版上。Peanuts

XuDishanBehindourhousetherelayhalfaouofvacantland.Mothersaid,“it’sapitytoletitliewaste.Sinceyouallliketoeateanutssoveryuch,whynotplantsoehere?”thatexhilarateduschildrenandourservantgirlsaswell,andsoonwestartedbuyingseeds,ploughingthelandandwateringtheplants.Wegatheredinagoodharvestjustafteracoupleofmonths!8Mothersaid,“HowaboutgivingapartytisveningtoelebateteharvestadinvitingyourDaddytohaveatasteofournewly-harvestedpeanuts?”eallagreed.Motheradequiteafewvarietiesofgoodiesoutofthepeanuts,andtoldusthatthepartywouldbeheldinthethatchedpaviliononthepeanutplot.Itlookedlikerainthatevening,yet,toourgreatjoy,fathercaenevertheless.“Doyoulikepeanuts?”askedfather.“Yes,wedo!”weviedingivingtheanswer.“hichofyoucouldnaetegoodthingsinpeanuts?”“Peanutstastegood,”saidyeldersister.“Peanutsproduceedibleoil,”saidmyelderbrother.“Peanutsaresocheap,”saidI,“thatnyonecanaffordtoeatthe.Peanutsareeveryone’sfavourite.That’swhywecallpeanutsgood.”“It’struethatpeanutshaveanyuses,”saidfather,“butthey’reostbelovedinonerespect.Unlikenice-lokingapples,peachesadpoegranates,whichhangtheirfruitonbranchesandwinpeople’sadirationwiththerbrilliantolours,tinylittlepeanutsburytheselvesundergroundandreainunearthedntiltey’reripe.henyoucoeuponapeanutplantlyingcurledupontheground,youcanneverimmediatelytellwhetherornotitbearanynutsuntilyoutouchthe.”“That’strue,”wesaidinunison.Moteralsonodded.“Soyouusttakeafterpeanuts,”fathercontinued,“becausethey’euseulthoughntgreatandice-looking”“Thenyoueanoneshouldbeusefulratherthangreatandnice-looking,”Isaid.“That’swhatIexceptofyou,”fatherconcluded.Wekeptchattinguntilthepartybrokeuplteatnight.Today,thoughnothingisleftofthegoodiesadeofpeanuts,fathr’swordsreainengravedinyind.注釋:本文是許地山（189211）的名篇。作者回憶自己童年時(shí)代一個(gè)小小片斷，以樸實(shí)無(wú)華、清新自然的筆調(diào)從花生的平凡而有用談到做人的道理富于哲理反映他身處舊社會(huì)的污泥濁流而潔身自好、不慕虛名的思想境界。(1)原句也可譯為whynthaehemplantdere或hynotakeaeautlotofi但現(xiàn)更直截了當(dāng)，且避免在同一句中重復(fù)peanuts一詞。(2)“幾姊弟”在下文將涉及，為防累贅，譯為hidren。(3)“做一個(gè)收獲節(jié)”不宜直譯為hodaharvestfetiva，現(xiàn)取譯。(4“食品也可譯為food但不如godes貼切g(shù)odes好吃的東西常用于口語(yǔ)。(5)“那晚上底天色不大好”譯為Itookedlkernhatevening,符合原意英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。(6“這小小的豆譯為tnylitleeats英語(yǔ)中常把tny和ltte用在一起“小得可憐（愛(ài)）”等含意。(7)“鮮紅嫩綠”不宜直譯，譯brilintoours可(8)“瑟縮”意即“蜷曲而不舒展”，故有現(xiàn)譯。(9“你們要像花生譯為ouusttakeafterpeuts其中takeafter是成意即tae…asanxaple（學(xué)習(xí)……的榜樣）。差不多先生傳胡適你知道中國(guó)最有名的人是誰(shuí)？提起此人人人皆曉處處聞名他姓差名不多(1)是各省各縣各村人氏你一定見(jiàn)過(guò)他一定聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)別人談起他差不多先生的名字天天掛在大家的口頭因?yàn)樗侵袊?guó)全國(guó)人的代表。差不多先生的相貌和你和我都差不多。他有一雙眼睛，但看的不很清楚；他有兩只耳朵但聽(tīng)的不很分明有鼻子和嘴但他對(duì)于氣味和口味都不很講究他的腦子也不小，但他的記性卻不很精明，他的思想也不很細(xì)密(2)。他常常說(shuō)：“凡事只要差不多，就好了。何必太精明呢？”他小的時(shí)候，他媽叫他去買紅糖，他買了白糖回來(lái)。他媽罵他，他搖搖頭說(shuō)：“紅糖白糖不是差不多嗎？”他在學(xué)堂的時(shí)候先生問(wèn)他“直隸省(3)的西邊是哪一??？他說(shuō)是陜西先生說(shuō)：“錯(cuò)了。是山西，不是陜西?！彼f(shuō)：“陜西同山西，不是差不多嗎？”后來(lái)他在一個(gè)錢鋪(4)里做伙計(jì)他也會(huì)寫也會(huì)算只是總不會(huì)精細(xì)十字常常寫成千字千字常常寫成十字掌柜的生氣了常常罵他他只是笑嘻嘻地賠小心道：“千字比十字只多一小撇，不是差不多嗎？”有一天他為了一件要緊的事，要搭火車到上海去。他從從容容地走到火車站，遲了兩分鐘火車已經(jīng)開走了他白瞪著眼望著遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的火車上煤煙搖搖頭道“只好明天再走了，今天走同明天走，也差不多?？墒腔疖嚬疚疵馓J(rèn)真了。8點(diǎn)30分開，同8點(diǎn)32分開，不是差不多嗎？“他一面說(shuō)，一面慢慢地走回家，心里總不明白為什么火車不肯等他兩分鐘。有一天，他忽然得了急病，趕快叫家人去請(qǐng)東街的汪醫(yī)生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去一時(shí)尋不著東街的汪大夫卻把西街牛醫(yī)王大夫請(qǐng)來(lái)了差不多先生病在床上，知道尋錯(cuò)了人但病急了身上痛苦心里焦急等不得了心里想道“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多讓他試試看罷于是這位牛醫(yī)王大夫走近床前用醫(yī)牛的法子給差不多先生治病。不上一點(diǎn)鐘，差不多先生就一命嗚呼了。差不多先生差不多要死的時(shí)候，一口氣斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地說(shuō)道：“活人同死人也……差……差不多，……凡事只要……差……差……不多……就……好了，……何……何……必……太……太認(rèn)真呢？”他說(shuō)完了這句格言(5)，方才絕氣了。他死后大家都很稱贊差不多先生樣樣事情看得破想得通(6)大家都說(shuō)他一生不肯認(rèn)真不肯算賬不肯計(jì)較真是一位有德行的人于是大家給他取個(gè)死后的法號(hào)，叫他做圓通大師。他的名譽(yù)越傳越遠(yuǎn)，越久越大。無(wú)數(shù)無(wú)數(shù)的人都學(xué)他的榜樣。于是人人都成了一個(gè)差不多先生?！欢袊?guó)從此就成為一個(gè)懶人國(guó)了。Mr.About-theSameHuShihDoyouknowwhoistheostwell-knownpersoninChina?Thenaeofthispersonisahouseholdwordalloverthecountry.HisnaeisChaandhisgivennae,Buduo,whichaltogetherean“AbouttheSae”.Heisanativeofeveryprovince,everycountryndeveryvillageinthiscountry.Youmusthaveseenorheardaboutthisperso.HisnaeisalwaysonthelipsofeverybodybecauseheisrepresentativeoftewholeChinesenation.Mr.ChaBuduohasthesaephysiognoyasyouandI.Hehasapairofeyes,butdoesn’tseeclearly.Hehasapirofears,butdoen’thearell.Hehasanoseandamouth,butlacksakeensenseofselladtaste.Hisbrainisnonetoosall,butheiseakinemoryandsloppyinthinking.Heoftensays:“whateverwedo,it’sOKtobejustaboutright.hat’stheuseofbeingprecieandaccrate:”O(jiān)neday,whenhewasachild,hismothersenthimouttobuyhersoebrownsugar,buthereturnedwithsoewhitesugarinstead.Ashisotherscoldedhimaboutit,heshookhisheadandsaid,“Brownsugarorwhitesugar,aren’ttheyaboutthesae?”O(jiān)nedayinschool,theteacheraskedhi,“hichproviebordersebeiontewest?”Heanswered,“haanxi,”Theteachercorrectedhi,“Youarewrong.It’sShanxi,NotShaanxi.”Heretorted,“ShaanxiorShanxi,aren’ttheyaboutthesaLaterMr.ChaBuduoservedasanassistantataoneyshop.Hecouldwriteandcalculateallright,buthisatheaticsere/asoftenfaulty.HewouldistaketheChinesecharacter（eaning10or（eaning1000orviceera.Theshopownerwasinfuriatedandoftentookhimtotask.Buthewouldonlyexplainapologeticallywithagrin,“Thecharacter千differsfrom十inerelyhavingoneaddittheyaboutthesae?”O(jiān)neday,hewantedtogotoShanghaibytainnretiness.teariedtherailwaystationunhrriedlyonlytofindthetrainalreadygone,becausehewastwoinuteslate.Hestoodstaringhelplesslyattesmokebelchingfromthediinishingtrain,andshookhishead,“Well,allIcandoisleavetoorrow.Afterll,todayandtomorrowareabottesae.Butisnttherilwaytakngittooseriously?hat’sthedifferencebetweendepartingat8:30 and8:32?”Hewalkedhoeslolywhiletalingtohiselfandkeptpuzzlingoverwhythetrainhadn’twaitedforhimfortwoinutesore.OnedayhesuddenlyfellillandiediatelytoldoneofhisfailytofetchDr.angofEastStreet.Thelatterwentinhurry,butcouldn’tfindthephysicianonEasthefetchedinsteadVeterinarianangofstStreet.Mr.ChaBuduo,lyingonhissickbed,knewthatawrongpersonhadbeenbroughthoe.But,whatwithpainandworry,hecouldillaffordtowaitanylonger.Sohesaidtohiself,“Luckily,VetangisaboutthesaeasDr.ang.hynotletVetanghaveatry?”there-upon,theveterinarianwalkeduptohisbedtoworkonhimasifhewereacow.Consequently,Mr.ChaBuduokickedteucketbeforeanhourwasout.WhenMr.ChaBuduowasabouttobreathehslat,hetteredinterittetlyinoebreath,“iveordie,it’sabout…about…thesae…Whateverwedo…it’sOK…tobe…just…justaboutright...hy…why…takeitsoseriously?”assoonashefinishedthispetphraseofhis,hestoppedbreathing.AfterMr.haBuduodeath,peopleallpraisdhimforhiswayofseeingthingsandhisphilosohicalaprochtolie.Theysaythathereusedtotakethinsserioulyllhislifeandthathewasnevercalculatingorparticularaboutpersonalgainsorlosses.otheycalledhimavirtuousmanandhonoredhimwiththeposthumousreverenttitleMasterofEasy-Going.Hisnaehasspreadfarandwideandbecoeoreandmorecelebratedwithtepassingoftie.Innuerablepeoplehavecoetofollowhisexaple,sothateverbodyhasbecoeaMr.ChaBuduo.Butl,Chinawillhencebeaationoflazbones!注釋：胡適（191-92）的《不多先生傳》是一篇針砭社會(huì)陋習(xí)的諷刺小品，124年6月28日發(fā)表《申報(bào)平民周刊的創(chuàng)刊號(hào)上曾不脛而走傳誦一時(shí)此文至今讀來(lái)猶感有極深刻的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。(1)“他姓差，名不多”如僅僅譯為HisnaeisChandhisgienae,Buduo，外國(guó)者只知其音，不知其意，故在后面加補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明whihalogehereanAbouttheSae”。(2“他的思想也不很細(xì)密譯為Heis…slppynthnig,中slppy“無(wú)條理“凌亂”解。(3)“直隸”為舊省名，即今之“河北”，故譯為Ｈebi。(4“錢鋪又“錢莊大多僅從事兌換業(yè)務(wù)后為銀行所代替“錢鋪可譯為privatebak或bnnghuse，均不如oney(exchne)hp確切。(5)“格言”在這里意同“口頭語(yǔ)”，現(xiàn)參照上下文譯為petphrase。(6)“想得通”意即“達(dá)觀”或“隨遇而安”，故譯為piosohialaprachtolife。不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)(1)胡適諸位畢業(yè)同學(xué)，你們現(xiàn)在要離開母校了，我沒(méi)有什么禮物送給你們，只好送你們一句話罷。這一句話是：“不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)?！币郧暗墓φn也許有一大部分是為這張文憑，不得已而做的從今而后你們可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了(2)趁現(xiàn)在年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)候努力做一種學(xué)問(wèn)少年是一去不復(fù)返的等到精力衰時(shí)努力做學(xué)問(wèn)(3)也來(lái)不及了即為吃飯計(jì)學(xué)問(wèn)決不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的(4)吃飯而不求學(xué)問(wèn)三年五年后你們都江堰市要被后來(lái)少年淘汰掉的。到那時(shí)再想做點(diǎn)學(xué)問(wèn)來(lái)補(bǔ)救，恐怕已太晚了。有人說(shuō)：“出去做事之后，生活問(wèn)題急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書？即使要做學(xué)問(wèn)，既沒(méi)有圖書館，又沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)室，哪能做學(xué)問(wèn)？”我要對(duì)你們說(shuō)：凡是要等到有了圖書館才讀書的，有了圖書館也不肯讀書。凡是要等到有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室才做研究的有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室也不肯做研究你有了決心要研究一個(gè)問(wèn)題，自然會(huì)撙衣節(jié)食(5)去買書，自然會(huì)想出來(lái)法子來(lái)設(shè)置儀器。至于時(shí)間更不成問(wèn)題(6)達(dá)爾文一生多病不能多作工每天只能做一點(diǎn)鐘的工作你們看他的成績(jī)每天花一點(diǎn)鐘看10頁(yè)有用的書每年可看3600多頁(yè)書30年可讀11萬(wàn)頁(yè)書。諸位，11萬(wàn)頁(yè)書可以使你成一個(gè)學(xué)者了，可是，每天看三種小報(bào)也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)鐘的工夫四圈麻將也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)半鐘的光陰看小報(bào)呢還打麻將呢？還是努力做一個(gè)學(xué)者呢？全靠你們自己的選擇(7)！易卜生說(shuō)：“你的最大責(zé)任是把你這塊材料鑄造成器?！睂W(xué)問(wèn)便是鑄器的工具。拋棄了學(xué)問(wèn)便是毀了你們自己。再會(huì)了！你們的母校眼睜睜地要看(8)你們十年之后成什么器。NeverGiveUpthePursuitofLearningHuShihDearstudentsoftheGraduatingClass,Asyouareleavingyouralmamatr,Ihavenothingtoofferyouasagiftexceptawordofadvice.Myadviceis,“Nevergiveupthepursuitoflearning.”Youhaveperhapsfinishedyourcollegecoursesostlyforobtainingthediploa,or,inotherwords,outofsheernecessity.However,fromnowyouarefreetofollowyouronbentinthechoiceofstudies.hileyouareintheprimeoflie,whynotdevoteyourselvestoaspecialfieldofstud?Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoretrn.Anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.Knowledgewilldoyouagoodturnevenasameansofsubsistence.Ifyougiveupstudieswhileholigajob,youwillinacupleofyearshavehadyourselvesreplacedbyyoungerpeople.Itwillthenbetoolatetoreedythesituationbypickingupstudiesagain.Soepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you’llcoeupagainsttheurgentproblemofakingaliving.Howcanyouanagetofindtietostuy?Evenifouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?”Nowletetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratrywillostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyormindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclhingtobuybooksoroeverytigpossibletoacquireecessaryinstruents.Tieisnoobject.CharlesDarwincouldonlyworkonehouradayduetoillhealth.Yetwhatarearkableanhewas!Ifyouspendonehouradayreading10pagesofabook,youcanfinishorethan3600pagesayear,and110000pagesin30years.Dearstudents,110000pageswillbequitenoughtoakealearnedanofan.Itwilltakeyuonehourtoreadthreetabloidsaay,andoneandhalfhourstofinishfourroundsofmah-jongaday.Readingtabloids,playingah-jongorstrivingtobealearnedan,thechoicelieswithyou.HenrikIbsensays,“itisyoursupreedutytocastyourselfintoausefulipleent.”Learningisthecastingmould.Forsaelearning,andyouwillruinyourelf.Farewell!Youralamateriswatchingeaerlytoseewhatwillbecoeofyoutenyearsfromnow.注釋：本文是胡適9810在上海任中國(guó)公學(xué)校長(zhǎng)時(shí)為畢業(yè)生所作贈(zèng)言，至今仍有參考價(jià)值。(1“不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)在這里的意思“不要放棄對(duì)學(xué)問(wèn)的追求因此不能直譯為NeveriveupLearnin，必須加字：everieuptePursitofLeann。()你們可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了譯為youarefreetofollowyourpersonlbentinthechoiceofsudies，其中oolownsnt是成語(yǔ)和toolowne’snlnain同義，作做自己感興趣或愛(ài)做的事”解。(3)“做學(xué)問(wèn)”譯為togontoscoarshp,于toengagenearnng。(4“學(xué)問(wèn)決不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的譯為Knowledewilldoyouagodturn其中todooneagoodturn是成語(yǔ)，作“做對(duì)某人有益的事”解.(5)“撙衣節(jié)食省吃省穿現(xiàn)譯為cutdownonfoodandclothing,其中tocutdownon是成語(yǔ)與toeconoizeon同義“節(jié)約解又上語(yǔ)也可譯為toliverugll。(6“至于時(shí)間更不成問(wèn)題譯為ieisnobjct,其中nooect是成等于noprbe，作“不成問(wèn)題”或“不在話下”解。(7)“全靠你們自己的選擇”譯為thechoiceleswihyou或tisuptoutoaketehic。(8)“你們的母校眼睜睜地要看……”中的“眼睜睜地”通常的意思是“無(wú)可奈何地”，現(xiàn)在這里作“熱切地”解，故譯為eagerl。我之于書(1)夏丐尊二十年來(lái)，我的生活費(fèi)中至少十分之一二是消耗在書上的(2)。我的房子里(3)貴重的東西就是書。我一向沒(méi)有對(duì)于任何問(wèn)題作高深研究的野心，因之所以買的書范圍較廣，宗教、藝術(shù)文學(xué)社會(huì)哲學(xué)歷史生物各方面差不多都有一點(diǎn)最多的是各國(guó)文學(xué)名著的譯本，與本國(guó)古來(lái)的詩(shī)文集，別的門類只是些概論等類的入門書而已。我不喜歡向別人或圖書館借書借來(lái)的書在我好像過(guò)不來(lái)癮似的(4)必要是自己買的才滿足這也可謂是一種占有的欲望買到了幾冊(cè)新書一冊(cè)一冊(cè)在加蓋藏書印(5)記，我最感到快悅的是這時(shí)候。書籍到了我的手里我的習(xí)慣是先看序文次看目錄頁(yè)數(shù)不多的往往立刻通讀(6)篇幅大的只把正文任擇一二章節(jié)略加翻閱就插在書架上除小說(shuō)外我少有全體讀完的大部的書只憑了購(gòu)入當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶知道某冊(cè)書是何種性質(zhì)其中大概有些什么可取的材料而已什么書在什么時(shí)候再去讀再去翻連我自己也無(wú)把握完全要看一個(gè)時(shí)期一個(gè)時(shí)期的興趣關(guān)于這事我常自比為古時(shí)的皇帝而把插在架上的書籍諸列屋而居的宮女(7)。我雖愛(ài)買書而對(duì)于書卻不甚愛(ài)惜讀書的時(shí)候常在書上把我認(rèn)為要緊的處所標(biāo)出。線裝書竟用紅鉛筆劃粗粗的線。經(jīng)我看過(guò)的書，統(tǒng)計(jì)統(tǒng)體干凈的很少。據(jù)說(shuō)任何愛(ài)吃糖果的人只要叫他到糖果鋪中去做事見(jiàn)了糖果就會(huì)生厭自我入書店以后，對(duì)于書的貪念也已消除了不少了，可不免要故態(tài)復(fù)萌(8)，想買這種，想買那種這大概因?yàn)樘枪米烊コ詳[存毫無(wú)意義而書則可以買了不看任其只管插在架上的緣故吧。BooksandIXiaMianzunFortwentyyearspast,bookshaveeatenintoatleast10-20percentofypocket.Nowtheonlythingsofsoevalueundermyroof,ifany,areybooks.SinceIhaveneverentertainedabitionforakingaprofoundstudyofanysubject,thebooksIhaveacquiredcoveralosteveything--religion,art,lterature,sociology,philosophy,history,biology,etc.MostofthemareChinesetranslationsofliteraryworksbyfaousforeignwritersandathologiesofChinesepoetryndprosethroughtheages.Therest,oftencalledanoutlineorintrodutin,areerelyonrudientsofvarioussubjects.15Inevercaretoborrowbooksfromotherpopleoralibrary.Itseemsthatbooksboughtcanbettersatisfyybiblioaniathanbooksborrowed.Youmayalsoattributethistosoesortofdesireforpersonalpossession.WheneverIhavesoenewacquisitions,italwaysgivesegreatpleasureandsatisfactontostapyex-librisonthemonebyone.Assoonasanewbookcoestohand,Ialwaysreadtheprefacefirstandthenthetableofcontents.Ifithappenstobeathinone,Ioftenfinishreadingitatonesitting.Otherwise,Ioftenbrowsethroughoneortwochaptersorsectionsbeforeputtingitontomybookshelf.Iseldomreadathickbookfromcovertocoverunlessitisanovel.Bydintofthefirstimpressionitadeonmeattetieofbuying,Ihavearoughideaofwhatabookisaboutandwhatusefulaterialsinitareavailabletoe.ButIhavelittleideawhichbookistobereadorlookedoveragainatwhattie.Itiscopletelysubjecttothewhisoftheoment.Thisoftenpromptsetolikenyselfandthebooksonyshelvesrespectivelytoanacienteperorandhisconcubineshousedseprtelyinarwofadjoiingros.MuchasIlovebooks,Itakelittlecareofthe.Indoingyreading,IoftenarkoutwhatIregardasiportantinabook.Ifitisathread-boundChinesebook,Iuseawritingbrushtodrawsallcirclesasarkings.Oterwise,Iearedpeciltodrawheavyunderlines.Consequently,thebooksIhavereadarerarelyclean.Itissaidthtthsewhohaveagratliingforcandieswillickentoseethemwhenlatertheyhappentoorkinacandystore.Likewise,eversinceIbegantoorkinabookstore,myobsessionwithbookshasbeenveryuchonthedecline.Nevertheless,Istillcannothelpslippingbackintothesaeoldrut,eagertobuythisandthatbook.Thisisrobablybecausecadiesaretobeeatenwithteouthandntworthkeeingasknick-knackswhilebookscanbeboughtwithoutbeingreadandjustleftonashelf.注釋：夏丐（16146浙上虞人著名文學(xué)家教育家出版家他的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作以散文為主多隨筆、雜感，內(nèi)容積極，風(fēng)格平淡樸素。此文于13年1月發(fā)表在中學(xué)生》雜志上。(1)“我之于書”譯為BoksndI比IandBooks符合英習(xí)慣，讀音也較順口。()我的生活費(fèi)中至少十分之一二是消耗在書上的譯為boshaeatnntoatlast1-20ercntofypock其中成語(yǔ)oetno“耗盡“花費(fèi)解意同tousep或tospndradull；pokt作腰包”解。(3)“我的房子里”譯為uderyroof,意同nyhuse。(4)“好像過(guò)不來(lái)癮似的”中的“癮”指“藏書癖”，故譯為bbioania，意即desireorpassionorcoletngbook。(5)“藏書印”譯為ex-libris，為專用語(yǔ)。(6“往往立刻通讀譯為Ioftnfnihreaigttnestig其中atonesitn（亦作tasittn）為成語(yǔ)，作“坐著一口氣”或“一下子”解。()宮女本可譯為curtades或aleaids但原文實(shí)際上指的“妃子故譯為coubne。(8)“故態(tài)復(fù)萌”譯為slipigbaknothesaeoldrut，或reapingntoyoldabt。中年人的寂寞夏丐尊我已是一個(gè)中年的人。一到中年，就有許多不愉快的現(xiàn)象，眼睛昏花了，記憶力減退了頭發(fā)開始禿脫(1)而且變白了意興體力什么都不如年青的時(shí)候常不禁會(huì)感覺(jué)到難以名言的(2)寂寞的情味。尤其覺(jué)得難堪的是知友的逐漸減少(3)和疏遠(yuǎn)，缺乏交際上的溫暖的慰藉。不消說(shuō)，相識(shí)的人數(shù)是隨了年齡增加的，一個(gè)人年齡越大，走過(guò)的地方當(dāng)過(guò)的職務(wù)越多相識(shí)的人理該越增加了可是相識(shí)的人并不就是朋友我們和許多人相識(shí)，或是因了事務(wù)關(guān)系，或是因了偶然的機(jī)緣(4)——如在別人請(qǐng)客的時(shí)候同席吃過(guò)飯之類見(jiàn)面時(shí)點(diǎn)頭或握手有事時(shí)走訪或通信口頭上彼此“朋友筆頭上有時(shí)或“仁兄諸如此類其實(shí)只是一種社交上的客套“頓首“百拜同是儀式的虛偽(5)。這種交際可以說(shuō)是社交，和真正的友誼相差似乎很遠(yuǎn)。真正的朋友恐怕要“總角之交“竹馬之交了(6)在小學(xué)和中學(xué)的時(shí)代容易結(jié)成真實(shí)的友誼那時(shí)彼此尚不感到生活的壓迫入世未深打算計(jì)較的念頭也少朋友的結(jié)成全由于志趣相近或性情適合差不多可以說(shuō)“無(wú)所為的(7)性比較純粹二十歲以后結(jié)成的友誼大概已不免攙有各種各樣的顏色分子在內(nèi)至于三十歲四十歲以后的朋友中間顏色分子愈多友誼的真實(shí)成分也就不免因而愈少了。這并不一定“人心不古(8)實(shí)可以說(shuō)是人生的悲劇人到了成年以后彼此都有生活的重?fù)?dān)須負(fù)，入世既深，顧忌的方面也自然加多起來(lái)，在交際上不許你不計(jì)較，不許你不打算結(jié)果彼此“勾心斗角(9)像七巧板似地只選定了某一方面和對(duì)方接合(10)。這樣的接合當(dāng)然是很不堅(jiān)固的，尤其是現(xiàn)代這樣什么都到了尖銳化的時(shí)代。在我自己的交游中，最值得系念的老是一此少年時(shí)代以來(lái)的朋友。這些朋友本來(lái)數(shù)目就不多，有些住在遠(yuǎn)地，連相會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)也不可多得。他們有的年齡大過(guò)了我，有的小我?guī)讱q都江堰市是中年以上的人了平日各人所走的方向不同思想趣味境遇也都不免互異大家晤談起來(lái)也常會(huì)遇到說(shuō)不出的隔膜的情形如大家話舊舊事是彼此共喻的而且大半都江堰市是少年時(shí)代的事“舊游如夢(mèng)把夢(mèng)也似的過(guò)去的少年時(shí)代重提因談話的進(jìn)行同時(shí)會(huì)聯(lián)想起許多當(dāng)時(shí)的事情許多當(dāng)時(shí)的人的面影，這時(shí)好象自己仍回歸到少年時(shí)代去了(11)。我常在這種時(shí)候感到一種快樂(lè)，同時(shí)也感到一種傷感，那情形好比老婦人突然在抽屜里或箱子里發(fā)見(jiàn)了她盛年時(shí)的影片。逢到和舊友談話，就不知不覺(jué)地把話題轉(zhuǎn)到舊事上去，這是我的習(xí)慣。我在這上面無(wú)意識(shí)地會(huì)感到一種溫暖地慰藉可是這些舊友一年比一年減少了本來(lái)只是屈指可數(shù)的幾個(gè)少去一個(gè)是無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)的我每當(dāng)聽(tīng)到一個(gè)舊友死去的消息總要惆悵多時(shí)。學(xué)校教育給我們的好處不但只是灌輸知識(shí)，最大的好處恐怕還在給與我們求友的機(jī)會(huì)上這好處我到了離學(xué)校以后才知道這幾年來(lái)更確切地體會(huì)到深悔當(dāng)時(shí)毫不自覺(jué)馬馬虎虎地過(guò)去了近來(lái)每日早晚在路上見(jiàn)到兩兩三三的攜了手或挽了肩膀走著的青年學(xué)生，我總艷羨他們有朋友之樂(lè)，暗暗地要在心中替他們祝福。Mid-lifeLonelinessXiaMianzunIamalreayaiddle-agedan.Atiddleage,Ifeeldtofindmyeyesigtandemoryfailing,yhairthinningandgraying,andyselfnolongerentallyandphysicallyasfitaswhenIwasyoung.Ioftensufferfromanaelessloneliness.Theostintoleraleofallisthelackofrindlywarthandcofortduetothegradualpassingawayandestrangeentoforeandmoreoldpals.Needlesstosay,thenmberofacuaintacesincreaeswithone’sage.Theoldernegets,theorewidelytraveledoneisandthemoreworkexperienceonehas,theoreacquaintancesoneissupposedtohave.Butnotallacquaintancesarefriends.ecoetoknowanypeopleeitherinthewayofbusinessorbyerechance–say,havingbeenatthesaetableatadinerparty.eaybeonnoddingorhand-shakigters,calleachother“friend”,soetimeswritetoachotherwiththesalttionof“DearSo-and-S”,etc.,etc.Alltheseare,infact,nothingbutcivilitiesofsociallie,ashypocriticalasthepoliteforuladunshou(kowtow)orbaibai(ahundredgreetings)usedafterthesignatureinold-ashiondChineselettr-witin.eaycallthemsocialintrcouse,buttheyseemtohavevrylittleincomonwithgenuinefriendship.Realfriendshipbetweentwopersosorigiatesperhapsrmthetieofliewhentheywerechildrenplayinginnocentlytogether.Realfriendshipiseasilyforedinpriaryoriddleschooldayshen,beingsociallyiexperiencedandfreefromtheburdenoflife,yougivelittlethoughttopersonalgainsorlosses,andakefriendsentirelyasaresultofsiilartastesandinterestsorcongenialdisposition.Itissortof“friendshipforfriendship’ssake”andisrelativelypureinnature.Friendshipaongpeopleintheir20s,however,ismoreorlesscolouredbypersonalotives.Andfriendshipaongthoseagedover30becoescorrespondinglystilllesspureasitgtsevenorecoloured.houghthisisnotnecessarilydueto"degenerationofpublicorality",Idohavegoodreasonstocallitthetragedyoflife.Peopleatiddleage,withteheavyburdenoflifendmuchexperienceinthewaysoftheworld,haveorescruplesaouttisandthat,ndcannotchoosebutbecoeorecalclatinginsocialdealngstilltheystatschemingagainsteachother.Theyalwayskeepawaryeye,asitwere,oneachotherinteirassociation.Suchassociationisofcoursefragile,especiallyinthismodernageofprevailingsharpconflicts.Ofallyfriends,thoseIhaveknownsincechild-hoodareostworthyofreebrance.Theyarefewinnumber.Soeofthemlivefarawayadweseldmhaveanopportunitytoseeeachothr.SoeofthemareoldertanIa,andsoeafewyearsyounger.Butallofusaeinlateid-life.incewehaveeachfollowedadifferentcourseinlife,ourwaysofthinking,interestsandcircustancesareboundtodiffer,andoftenwelackutualunderstandingsoehoworotherinourconversation.Nevertheless,whenwetalkoveroldties,wewillalwaysagreeonthngsinthepast--ostlyaboutthingsinourchildhooddays.hileweretellthedrea-liechildhooddaysinthecourseofourconversatio,nuerousscenesadpersonsofygonedayswillunfoldagainbeforeoureyes,andwewilleellikerelivingtheoldday.Otenatthisoment,Illeelatoncehappyandsad--likeanoldladysuddenlyfishigoutfromherdrawerorchestaphotoofhertakeninthebloomofheryouth.henchattingawaywithyoldriends,Iaminthehabitfunwittinglychanneligthetopicofconversationtowardthingsofforerdays.FromthatIunknowinglyderivesoesortofw