新概念三Lesson14Anoblegangster青族歹腐<0?></0?>

TherewasatimewhentheownersofshopsandbusinessesinChicago

hadtopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnfor'protection.'Ifthe

moneywasnotpaidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutof

businessbydestroyinghisshop.Obtaining'protectionmoney'isnota

moderncrime.Aslongagoasthefourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,Sir

JohnHawkwood,madetheremarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldrather

paylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifeworkdestroyedby

gangsters.vO⑥1>v/O③>

Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithaband

ofsoldiersandsettlednearFlorence.Hesoonmadeanameforhimselfand

cametobeknowntotheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.WhenevertheItalian

city-stateswereatwarwitheachother,Hawkwoodusedtohirehissoldiersto

princeswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemanded.Intimesof

peace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoa

city-stateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayif

protectionmoneywaspaidtothem.Hawkwoodmadelargesumsofmoney

inthisway.Inspiteofthis,theItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.When

hediedattheageofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneralandhad

apicturedpaintedwhichwasdedicatedtothememoryof'themostvaliant

soldierandmostnotableleader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue.'vO②></*)>

曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)時(shí)期，芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢(qián)給歹徒以換取"保護(hù)"。如果交款不

及時(shí)，歹徒們就會(huì)很快搗毀他的商店，讓他破產(chǎn).榨取“保護(hù)金”并不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑.早在14世紀(jì)，英國(guó)

人約翰.霍克伍德就有過(guò)非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn):“人們情愿拿出大筆的錢(qián),也不愿畢生的心血?dú)в诖跬街?

<oGr)></c/?l>

600年前，約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著?隊(duì)士兵來(lái)到意大利，在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來(lái)彳艮快就出了名.意大

利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫(kù)托.每次意大利各城邦之間發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，霍克伍德把他的士兵雇仞給愿給他出高價(jià)的君

主。和平時(shí)期,當(dāng)生意蕭條時(shí)，霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進(jìn)入某個(gè)城邦,縱火燒毀一兩個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，然后提出，如向他們繳

納保護(hù)金，他們便主動(dòng)撤離?；艨宋榈掠眠@種方法掙了大筆錢(qián).盡管如此,意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。

他80歲那年死去時(shí)，佛羅倫薩人為他舉行了國(guó)葬，并為他畫(huà)像以紀(jì)念這位”驍勇無(wú)比的戰(zhàn)士、杰出的領(lǐng)袖喬凡

尼.阿庫(kù)托先生

Lesson17Thelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld世界上景長(zhǎng)的小橋

<O@></O?>

Verrazano,anItalianaboutwhomlittleisknown,sailedintoNewYork

Harbourin1524andnameditAngouleme.Hedescribeditas'avery

agreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidstofwhichflowed

agreatriver.'ThoughVerrazan。isbynomeansconsideredt。beagreat

explorer,hisnamewillprobablyremainimmortal,for0nNovember21st,

1964,thelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworldwasnamedafterhim.

<0?x/0S)>

TheVerrazanoBridge,whichwasdesignedbyOthmarAmmann,joins

BrooklyntoStatenIsland.Ithasaspanof4,260feet.Thebridgeissolongthat

theshapeoftheearthhadtobetakenintoaccountbyitsdesigner.Two

greattowerssupportfourhugecables.Thetowersarebuiltonimmense

underwaterplatformsmadeofsteelandconcrete.Theplatformsextendtoa

depthofover100feetunderthesea.Thesealonetooksixteenmonthstobuild.

Abovethesurfaceofthewater,thetowersrisetoaheightofnearly700feet.

Theysupportthecablesfromwhichthebridgehasbeensuspended.Eachof

thefourcablescontains26,108lengthsofwire.Ithasbeenestimatedthatif

thebridgewerepackedwithcars,itwouldstill0nlybecarryingathirdofits

totalcapacity.However,sizeandstrengtharenottheonlyimportantthings

aboutthisbridge.Despite計(jì)simmensity,itisbothsimpleandelegant,

fulfillingitsdesigner'sdreamtocreate'anenormousobjectdrawnasfaintly

aspossible'.<QC^l></O?>

1524年，一位鮮為人知的意大利人維拉薩諾駕船駛進(jìn)紐約港，并將該港名為安古拉姆。他對(duì)該港作了

這樣的描述：“地理位置十分適宜，位于兩座小山的中間，一條大河從中間流過(guò)”。雖然維拉薩諾絕對(duì)算不

上一個(gè)偉大的探險(xiǎn)家，但他的名字將流芳百世，因?yàn)?964年11月21日建成的一座世界上最長(zhǎng)的吊橋是

以他的名字命名。〈cS)x/dS/、

維拉薩諾大橋由奧斯馬.阿曼設(shè)計(jì)，連結(jié)著布魯克林與斯塔頓島，橋長(zhǎng)4,260英尺。由于橋身太長(zhǎng)，設(shè)

計(jì)者不得不考慮了地表的形狀。兩座巨塔支撐著4根粗大的鋼纜。塔身建在巨大的水下鋼盤(pán)混凝土平臺(tái)上。

平臺(tái)深入海底100英尺.僅這兩座塔就花了16個(gè)月才建成。塔身高出水面將近700英尺。高塔支撐著鋼

纜，而鋼纜又懸吊著大橋，4根鋼纜中的每根由26,108股鋼繩組成。據(jù)估計(jì)，若橋1:擺滿(mǎn)了汽車(chē)，也只

不過(guò)是橋的總承載力的1/3。然而，這座橋重要特點(diǎn)不僅是它的規(guī)模與強(qiáng)度。盡管此橋很大，但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)

單，造型優(yōu)美，實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)者企圖創(chuàng)造一個(gè)“盡量用細(xì)線條勾畫(huà)出一個(gè)龐然大物”的夢(mèng)想。<%><1>

Lesson21DanielMendoza丹尼東.門(mén)多薩<O?></O?>

BoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEnglandtwohundredyearsago.In

thosedays,boxersfoughtwithbarefistsforprizemoney.Becauseofthis,

theywereknownas'prize-fighters'.However,boxingwasverycrude,forthere

werenorulesandaprize-fightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredorevenkilled

duringamatch.cO②>v/0(3>

OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistorywasDanielMendoza,

whowasbornin1764.Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860,when

theMarquisofQueensberrydrewupthefirstsetofrules.Thoughhewas

technicallyaprize-fighter,Mendozadidmuchtochangecrudeprize-fighting

intoasport,forhebroughtsciencetotheaame.Inhisdav、Mendozaenioved

tremendousuopularitv.Hewasadoredbyrichandpooralike.<0；'x/O3'>

Mendozarosetofameswiftlyafteraboxing-matchwhenhewasonly

fourteenyearsold.ThisattractedtheattentionofRichardHumphrieswhowas

thenthemosteminentboxerinEngland.HeofferedtotrainMendozaandhis

youngpupilwasquicktolearn.Infact,Mendozasoonbecamesosuccessful

thatHumphriesturnedagainsthim.Thetwomenquarrelledbitterlyandit

wasclearthattheargumentcouldonlybesettledbyafight.Amatchwasheld

atStilton,wherebothmenfoughtforanhour.Thepublicbetagreatdealof

moneyonMendoza,buthewasdefeated.MendozametHumphriesinthe

ringonalateroccasionandhelostforasecondtime.Itwasnotuntilhisthird

matchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecameChampionof

England.Meanwhile,hefoundedahighlysuccessfulAcademyandevenLord

Byronbecameoneofhispupils.Heearnedenormoussumsofmoneyand

waspaidasmuchas100poundsforasingleappearance.Despitethis,he

wass。extravagantthathewasalwaysindebt.Afterhewasdefeatedbya

boxercalledGentlemanJackson,hewasquicklyforgotten.Hewassentto

prisonforfailingtopayhisdebtsanddiedinpovertyin1836.<O^'></O^'>

兩百年前，拳擊比賽在英國(guó)非常盛行。當(dāng)時(shí)，拳擊手們不戴手套，為爭(zhēng)奪獎(jiǎng)金而搏斗。因此，他們被

稱(chēng)作“職業(yè)拳擊手”。不過(guò)，拳擊是十分野蠻的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有任何比賽規(guī)則，職業(yè)拳擊手有可能在比賽中

受重傷，甚至喪命。<0(?^></0^^>

拳擊史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼爾.門(mén)多薩，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次為拳

擊比賽制定了規(guī)則，拳擊比賽這才用上了手套。雖然門(mén)多薩嚴(yán)格來(lái)講不過(guò)是個(gè)職'也拳擊手，但在把這種粗

野的拳擊變成一種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)方面，他作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。是他把科學(xué)引進(jìn)了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。門(mén)多薩在他的全盛時(shí)

期深受大家歡迎，無(wú)論是富人還是窮人都對(duì)他祟拜備至。<oS)></dS)>

門(mén)多薩在14歲時(shí)參加一場(chǎng)拳擊賽后一舉成名。這引起當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)拳壇名將理查德.漢弗萊斯的注意。他

主動(dòng)提出教授門(mén)多薩，而年少的門(mén)多薩一學(xué)就會(huì)。事實(shí)上，門(mén)多薩不久便名聲大振，致使?jié)h弗萊斯與他反

目為敵。兩個(gè)人爭(zhēng)吵不休，顯而易見(jiàn)，只有較量番才能解決問(wèn)題。于是兩人在斯蒂爾頓設(shè)下賽場(chǎng)，廝打

了個(gè)小時(shí)。公眾把大筆賭注下到了門(mén)多薩身上，但他卻輸了。后來(lái)，門(mén)多薩與漢弗萊斯再次在拳擊場(chǎng)上

較量，門(mén)多薩又輸了一場(chǎng)。直到1790年他們第3次對(duì)壘，門(mén)多薩才終于擊敗漢弗萊斯，成了全英拳擊冠

軍。同時(shí)，他建立了一所拳擊學(xué)校，辦得很成功，連拜倫勛爵也成了他的學(xué)生。門(mén)多薩掙來(lái)大筆大筆的錢(qián)，

一次出場(chǎng)費(fèi)就多可達(dá)100英鎊。盡管收入不少，但他揮霍無(wú)度，經(jīng)常債臺(tái)高筑。他被一個(gè)叫杰克遜紳士的

拳擊手擊敗后很快被遺忘。他因無(wú)力還債而被捕入獄，最后于1836年在貧困中死去。<cS)x/ofi)>

Lesson24Askeletoninthecupboard"家丑"<。?></。啜/>

Weoftenreadinnovelshowaseeminglyrespectablepersonorfamily

hassometerriblesecretwhichhasbeenconcealedfromstrangersforyears.

TheEnglishlanguagepossessesavividsayingt。describethissortof

situation.Theterriblesecretiscalled'askeletoninthecupboard'.Atsome

dramaticmomentinthestory,theterriblesecretbecomesknownanda

reputationisruined.Thereader'shairstandsonendwhenhereadsinthe

finalpagesofthenovelthattheheroine,adearoldladywhohadalwaysbeen

sokindtoeverybody,had,inheryouth,poisonedeveryoneofherfive

husbands.<O^'x/O?>

Itisallvervwellforsuchthinastooccurinfiction.Tovaryingdegrees,

weallhavesecretswhichwedonotwantevenourclosestfriendstolearn,but

fewofushaveskeletonsinthecupboard.TheonlypersonIknowwhohasa

skeletoninthecupboardisGeorgeCarlton,andheisveryproudofthefact.

Georgestudiedmedicineinhisyouth.Insteadofbecominaadoctor,however,

hebecameasuccessfulwriterofdetectivestories.Ioncespentan

uncomfortableweekendwhichIshallneverforgetathishouse.George

showedmetotheguest-roomwhich,hesaid,wasrarelyused.Hetoldmeto

unpackmythingsandthencomedowntodinner.AfterIhadstackedmyshirts

andunderclothesintwoemptydrawers,Idecidedtohangoneofthetwosuits

Ihadbroughtwithmeinthecupboard.Iopenedthecupboarddoorandthen

stoodinfrontofitpetrified.Askeletonwasdanglingbeforemyeyes.The

suddenmovementofthedoormadeitswayslightlyanditgavemethe

impressionthatitwasabouttoleapoutatme.Droppingmysuit,Idashed

downstairstotellGeorge.Thiswasworsethan'aterriblesecret';thiswasa

realskeleton!ButGeorgewasunsympathetic.Oh,that,'hesaidwithasmile

asifheweretalkingaboutanoldfriend.'That'sSebastian.YouforgetthatI

wasamedicalstudentonceuponatime.<0?></0^)>

在小說(shuō)中，我們經(jīng)常讀到一個(gè)表面上受人尊重的人物或家族，卻有著某種多年不為人所知的駭人聽(tīng)聞

的秘密。英語(yǔ)中有一個(gè)生動(dòng)的說(shuō)法來(lái)形容這種情況。驚人的秘密被稱(chēng)作“柜中骷髏”。在小說(shuō)的某個(gè)戲劇性

時(shí)刻，可怕的秘密泄漏出來(lái)，接著便是某人的聲譽(yù)掃地。當(dāng)讀者讀到小說(shuō)最后幾頁(yè)了解到書(shū)中女主人公，

那位一向待大家很好的可愛(ài)的老婦人年輕時(shí)一連毒死了她的5個(gè)丈夫時(shí)，不禁會(huì)毛骨悚然。<63></oS)>

這種事發(fā)生在小說(shuō)中是無(wú)可非議的。盡管我們?nèi)巳硕加懈鞣N大小秘密，連最親密的朋友都不愿讓他們

知道，但我們當(dāng)中極少有人有柜中骷髏。我所認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的在柜中藏骷髏的人便是喬治?卡爾頓，他甚至引

以為自豪。喬治年輕時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)醫(yī)，然而，他后來(lái)沒(méi)當(dāng)上醫(yī)生，卻成了一位成功的偵探小說(shuō)作家。有一次，我

在他家里度周末，過(guò)得很不愉快。這事我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記。喬治把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)客房，說(shuō)這間房間很少使用。他讓

我打開(kāi)行裝后下樓吃飯。我將襯衫、內(nèi)衣放進(jìn)兩個(gè)空抽屜里，然后我想把隨身帶來(lái)的兩套西服中的一套掛

到大衣柜里去。我打開(kāi)柜門(mén)，站在柜門(mén)前一下子驚呆了。一具骷髏懸掛在眼前，由于柜門(mén)突然打開(kāi)，它也

隨之輕微搖晃起來(lái)，讓我覺(jué)得它好像馬上要跳出柜門(mén)朝我撲過(guò)來(lái)似的。我扔下西服沖下樓去告訴喬治。這

是比“駭人聽(tīng)聞的秘密”更加驚人的東西，這是一具真正的骷髏??！但喬治卻無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。“噢，是它呀！他笑

著說(shuō)道，儼然在談?wù)撐焕吓笥?。“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了我以前是學(xué)醫(yī)的了。zoSXv/dS1〉

Lesson27Nothingtosellandnothingtobuy沒(méi)有東西可賣(mài)也沒(méi)有東西可買(mǎi)

Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.Inthelightof

thisstatement,teacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbyselling

wisdomandpriestsbysellingspiritualcomfort.Thoughitmaybepossibleto

measurethevalueofmaterialgoodintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficult

toestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.There

aretimeswhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesst。saveour

lives,yetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeeforofferingus

preciselythisservice.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatskillshavetobe

paidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatashop.Everyonehas

somethingtosell.<0?></0?>

Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralrule.Beggars

almostsellthemselvesashumanbeingstoarousethepityofpassers-by.But

realtrampsarenotbeggars.Theyhavenothingt。sellandrequirenothing

fromothers.Inseekingindependence,theydonotsacrificetheirhuman

dignity.Atrampmayaskyouformoney,buthewillneveraskyoutofeel

sorryforhim.Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsandisfully

awareoftheconsequences.Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealis

comingfrom,butheisfreefromthethousandsofanxietieswhichafflict

otherpeople.Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossibleforhimtomove

fromplacetoplacewithease.Byhavingtosleepintheopen,hegetsfar

closertotheworldofnaturethanmostofuseverdo.Hemayhunt,beg,or

stealoccasionallytokeephimselfalive;hemayeven,intimesofrealneed,

doalittlework;buthewillneversacrificehisfreedom.Weoftenspeakof

trampswithcontemptandputtheminthesameclassasbeqqars,buthow

manyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltahttleenviousoftheir

simplewayoflifeandtheirfreedomfromcare?vOt)>v/O

據(jù)說(shuō)每個(gè)人都靠出售某種東西來(lái)維持生活。根據(jù)這種說(shuō)法，教師靠賣(mài)知識(shí)為生，哲學(xué)家靠賣(mài)智慧為生，

牧師靠賣(mài)精神安慰為生。雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值可以用金錢(qián)來(lái)衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的

價(jià)值卻是極其困難的。有時(shí).，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬?，愿意付出我們所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫給我們提

供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費(fèi)用而抱怨。社會(huì)上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢(qián)去

買(mǎi)的，就像在商店里要花錢(qián)買(mǎi)商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。<d2)></oS>>

在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個(gè)例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起過(guò)路人的憐憫。

但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西，在追求獨(dú)立自由

的同時(shí)，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴(yán)。游浪漢可能會(huì)向你討錢(qián)，但他從來(lái)不要你可憐他。他是故意在選擇過(guò)

那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無(wú)著落，但他不像有人那樣被

千萬(wàn)樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒(méi)有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺(jué)，他

比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會(huì)去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實(shí)需要的時(shí)

候，他甚至可能干?點(diǎn)兒活，但他決不會(huì)犧牲自由。說(shuō)起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為

一類(lèi)。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說(shuō)我們對(duì)流浪漢的簡(jiǎn)樸生活與無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？

Lesson33Adaytoremember睢總的一天<O(②></O^)>

Wehaveallexperienceddayswheneverythinggoeswrong.Adaymay

beginwellenough,butsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetoutofcontrol.What

invariablyhappensisthatagreatnumberofthingschooset。qowrongat

preciselythesamemoment.Itisasifasingleunimportanteventsetupa

chainofreactions.Letussupposethatyouarepreparingamealand

keepinganeyeonthebabyatthesametime.Thetelephoneringsandthis

marksthepreludetoanunforeseenseriesofcatastrophes.Whileyouare

onthephone,thebabypullsthetable-clothoffthetable,smashinghalfyour

bestcrockeryandcuttinghimselfintheprocess.Youhanguphurriedlyand

attendtobaby,crockery,etc.Meanwhile,themealgetsburnt.Asifthiswere

notenought。reduceyoutotears、vourhusband_arrives,unexpectedly

bringingthreegueststodinner.<0?></0&)>

Thingscangowrongonabigscale,asanumberofpeoplerecently

discoveredinParramatta,asuburbofSydney.Duringtherushhourone

eveningtwocarscollidedandbothdriversbegantoargue.Thewoman

immediatelybehindthetwocarshappenedtobealearner.Shesuddenly

gotintoapanicandstoppedhercar.Thismadethedriverfollowingherbrake

hard.Hiswifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrown

forward,thecakewentrightthroughthewindscreenandlandedontheroad.

Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheair,alorry-driverwhowasdrawingup

alongsidethecar,pulledupallofasudden.Thelorrywasloadedwith

emptybeerbottlesandhundredsofthemslidoffthebackofthevehicleand

0nt。theroad.Thisledtoyetanotherangryargument.Meanwhile,thetraffic

piledupbehind.Ittookthepolicenearlyanhourt。getthetrafficonthemove

again.Inthemeantime,thelorrydriverhadtosweepuphundredsofbroken

bottles.Onlytwostraydogsbenefitedfromallthisconfusion,forthey

greedilydevouredwhatwasleftofthecake.Itwasjustoneofthose

days!<0S)></0?>

我們大家都有過(guò)事事不順心的日子。一天開(kāi)始時(shí)，可能還不錯(cuò)，但突然間似乎一切都失去了控制。情

況經(jīng)常是這樣的，許許多多的事情都偏偏趕在同一時(shí)刻出問(wèn)題，好像是一件無(wú)關(guān)緊要的小事引起了一連串

的連鎖反應(yīng)。假設(shè)你在做飯，同時(shí)又在照看孩子。這時(shí)電話(huà)鈴響了，它預(yù)示著一連串意想不到的災(zāi)難的來(lái)

臨。就在你接電話(huà)時(shí)，孩子把桌布從桌子上扯了下來(lái)，將家中最好的陶瓷餐具半數(shù)摔碎，同時(shí)也弄傷了他

自己。你急急忙忙掛上電話(huà)，趕去照看孩子和餐具。這時(shí)，飯乂燒糊了。好像這?切還不足以使你急得掉

淚，你的丈夫接著回來(lái)了，事先沒(méi)打招呼就帶來(lái)3個(gè)客人吃飯。<曲></貸>>

就像許多人最近在悉尼郊區(qū)帕拉馬塔所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，有時(shí)亂子會(huì)鬧得很大。一天傍晚交通最擁擠時(shí)，

一輛汽車(chē)撞上前面一輛汽車(chē)，兩個(gè)司機(jī)爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。緊跟其后的一輛車(chē)上的司機(jī)碰巧是個(gè)初學(xué)者，她一驚之

下突然把車(chē)停了下來(lái)。她這一停使得跟在后頭的司機(jī)也來(lái)了個(gè)急剎車(chē)。司機(jī)的妻子正坐在他身邊，手里托

著塊大蛋糕。她往前一沖，蛋糕從擋風(fēng)玻璃飛了出去掉在馬路上。此時(shí)，一輛卡車(chē)正好從后邊開(kāi)到那輛汽

車(chē)邊上，司機(jī)看見(jiàn)一塊蛋糕從大而降，緊急剎車(chē)?？ㄜ?chē)上裝著空啤酒瓶，成百只瓶子順勢(shì)從卡車(chē)后面滑出

車(chē)外落在馬路上。這乂引起了?場(chǎng)唇槍舌劍的爭(zhēng)吵。與此同時(shí)，后面的車(chē)輛排成了長(zhǎng)龍，警察花了將近一

個(gè)小時(shí)才使車(chē)輛又開(kāi)起來(lái)。在這段時(shí)間里，卡車(chē)司機(jī)不得不清掃那幾百只破瓶子。只有兩只野狗從這一片

混亂中得到了好處，它們貪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。這就是事事不順心的那么-天！<?></.>

Lesson34Ahappydiscovery幸運(yùn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)<O②>

Antiqueshopsexertapeculiarfascinationonagreatmanypeople.

Themoreexpensivekindofantiqueshopwhererareobjectsarebeautifully

displayedinglasscasestokeepthemfreefromdustisusuallyaforbidding

place.Butnoonehastomusterupcouragetoenteralesspretentious

antiqueshop.Thereisalwayshopethatin讓slabyrinthofmusty,dark,

disorderedroomsarealraritywillbefoundamonastthepilesofassorted

junkthatlitterthefloors.vPOx/0③〉

Noonediscoversararitybychance.Atrulydedicatedbargainhunter

musthavepatience,andaboveall,theabilitytorecognizetheworthof

somethingwhenheseesit.Todothis,hemustbeatleastasknowledgeable

asthedealer.Likeascientistbentonmakingadiscovery,hemustcherish

theholethatonedayhewillbeamplyrewarded.<0?'></0G)>

Myoldfriend,FrankHalliday,isjustsuchaperson.Hehasoften

describedtomehowhepickedupamasterpieceforamere￡50.One

Saturdaymorning,Frankvisitedanantiqueshopinmyneighbourhood.Ashe

hadneverbeentherebefore,hefoundagreatdealeresthim.The

morningpassedrapidlyandFrankwasabouttoleavewhenhenoticeda

largepacking-caselyingonthefloor.Thedealertoldhimthatithadjustcome

in,butthathecouldnotbebotheredtoopenit.Frankbeggedhimtodoso

andthedealerreluctantlypriseditopen.Thecontentsweredisappointing.

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,theboxwasfullofcrockery,

muchofitbroken.Frankgentlyliftedthecrockeryoutoftheboxand

suddenlynoticedaminiaturepaintingatthebottomofthepacking-case.As

itsCompositionandlineremindedhimofanItalianpaintingheknewwell,he

decidedtobuyit.Glancingatitbriefly,thedealertoldhimthatitwasworth

￡50.Frankcouldhardlyconcealhisexcitement,forheknewthathehad

madearealdiscovery.Thetinypaintingprovedtobeanunknown

masterpiecebyCorreggioandwasworthhundredsofthousandsofpounds.

<o(S)></oS)>

古玩店對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)有一種特殊的魅力。高檔一點(diǎn)的古玩店為了防塵，把文物漂亮地陳列在玻璃柜子

里，那里往往令人望而卻步。而對(duì)不太裝腔作勢(shì)的古玩店，無(wú)論是誰(shuí)都不用壯著膽子才敢往里進(jìn)。人們還

常常有希望在發(fā)霉、陰暗、雜亂無(wú)章、迷宮般的店堂里，從雜亂地?cái)[放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各樣的破

爛貨里找到件稀世珍品。<曲></。②>

無(wú)論是誰(shuí)都不會(huì)一下子就發(fā)現(xiàn)一件珍品。一個(gè)到處找便宜貨買(mǎi)的人必須具有耐心，而且最重要的是看

到珍品時(shí)要有鑒別珍品的能力。要做到這一點(diǎn)，他至少要像古董商一樣在行。他必須像一個(gè)專(zhuān)心致志進(jìn)行

探索的科學(xué)家那樣抱有這樣的希望，即終有一天，他的努力會(huì)取得豐碩的成果。<o(S)></c③>

我的老朋友弗蘭克?哈利戴正是這樣個(gè)人。他多次向我詳細(xì)講他如何只花50英鎊便買(mǎi)到?位名家的

杰作。一個(gè)星期六的上午，弗蘭克去了我家附近的一家古玩店。由于他從未去過(guò)那兒，結(jié)果他發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多

有趣的東西。上午很快過(guò)去了，弗蘭克正準(zhǔn)備離去，突然看見(jiàn)地板上放著一只體積很大的貨箱。古董商告

訴他那只貨箱剛到不久，但他嫌麻煩不想把它打開(kāi)。經(jīng)弗蘭克懇求，古董商才勉強(qiáng)把貨箱撬開(kāi)了。箱內(nèi)東

西令人失望。除了一柄式樣別致、雕有花紋的匕首外，貨箱內(nèi)裝滿(mǎn)了陶器，而且大部分都已破碎。弗蘭克

輕輕地把陶器拿出箱子，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)在箱底有一幅微型畫(huà)，畫(huà)面構(gòu)圖與線條使他想起了一幅他所熟悉的意大

利畫(huà)，于是他決定將畫(huà)買(mǎi)卜來(lái)。古董商漫不經(jīng)心看了一眼那幅畫(huà)，告訴弗蘭克那畫(huà)值50英鎊。弗蘭克幾乎

無(wú)法掩飾自己興奮的心情，因?yàn)樗靼鬃约喊l(fā)現(xiàn)了一件珍品。那幅不大的畫(huà)原來(lái)是柯勒喬的?幅未被發(fā)現(xiàn)

的杰作，價(jià)值幾十萬(wàn)英鎊。<6①

Lesson38Thefirstcalender最平的目厲<0?></0(?)>

Futurehistorianswillbeinauniquepositionwhentheycometorecord

thehistoryofourowntimes.Theywillhardlyknowwhichfactst。selectfrom

theareatmassofevidencethatsteadilyaccumulates.Whatismore,they

willnothavetorelysolelyonthewrittenword.Films,videos,CDsand

CD-ROMSarejustsomeofthebewilderingamountofinformationtheywill

have.Theywillbeable,asitwere,toseeandhearusinaction.Butthe

historianattemptingtoreconstructthedistantpastisalwaysfacedwitha

difficulttask.Hehastodeducewhathecanfromthefewscantyclues

available.Evenseeminglyinsignificantremainscanshedinterestinglight

onthehistoryofearlymanvOOx/O②〉

Uptonow,historianshaveassumedthatcalendarscameintobeing

withtheadventofagriculture,forthenmanwasfacedwitharealneedto

understandsomethingabouttheseasons.Recentscientificevidenceseems

toindicatethatthisassumptionisincorrect.<0?)></0

Historianshavelongbeenpuzzledbydots,linesandsymbolswhichhave

beenengravedonwalls,bones,andtheivorytusksofmammoths.The

nomadswhomadethesemarkingslivedbyhuntingandfishingduringthe

lastIceAgewhichbeganabout35,000B.C.andendedabout10,000B.C.By

correlatingmarkingsmadeinvariouspartsoftheworld,historianshavebeen

abletoreadthisdifficultcode.Theyhavefoundthatitisconnectedwiththe

passageofdaysandthephasesofthemoon.Itis,infact,aprimitivetypeof

calendar.IthasIonabeenknownthatthehuntinascenesdepictedonwalls

werenotsimplyaformofartisticexpression.Theyhadadefinitemeaning,for

theywereasnearasearlymancouldgettowriting.Itispossiblethatthere

isadefiniterelationbetweenthesepaintingsandthemarkingsthat

sometimesaccompanythem.Itseemsthatmanwasmakingarealeffortto

understandtheseasons20,000yearsearlierthanhasbeen

supposed.<0^)></0^-'>

未來(lái)的歷史學(xué)家在寫(xiě)我們這一段歷史的時(shí)候會(huì)別具一格。對(duì)于逐漸積累起來(lái)的龐大材料，他們幾乎不

知道選取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依賴(lài)文字材料。電影、錄像、光盤(pán)和光盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器只是能為他們提供令

人眼花繚亂的大量信息的幾種手段。他們能夠身臨其境般地觀看我們做事，傾聽(tīng)我們講話(huà)。但是，歷史學(xué)

家企圖重現(xiàn)遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去可是?項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，他們必須根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的不充分的線索進(jìn)行推理。即使看起來(lái)微

不足道的遺物，也可能揭示人類(lèi)早期歷史的一些有趣的內(nèi)容。<oS)></oS)>

歷史學(xué)家迄今認(rèn)為日歷是隨農(nóng)業(yè)的問(wèn)世而出現(xiàn)的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)人們面臨著了解四季的實(shí)際需要，但近期

科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，好像這種假設(shè)是不正確的。<oS)></dS)>

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，歷史學(xué)家?直對(duì)雕刻在墻壁上、骨頭上、古代長(zhǎng)毛象的象牙上的點(diǎn)、線和形形色色的符號(hào)

感到困惑不解。這些痕跡是游牧人留下的，他們生活在從公元前約35,000年到公元前10,000年的冰川

期的末期，以狩獵、捕魚(yú)為生。歷史學(xué)家通過(guò)把世界各地留下的這種痕跡放在一起研究，終于弄懂了這種

費(fèi)解的代碼。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)代碼與晝夜更迭和月亮圓缺有關(guān)，事實(shí)上是一種最原始的日歷。大家早就知道，畫(huà)

在墻上的狩獵圖景并不是單純的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式，它們有著一定的含義，因?yàn)樗鼈円呀咏糯说奈淖中问健?/p>

有時(shí)，這種圖畫(huà)與墻壁上的刻痕共存，它們之間可能有一定的聯(lián)系。看來(lái)人類(lèi)早就致力于探索四季變遷了，

比人們想像的要早20,000年。<dS)></d②>

Lesson40Who'swho真假難辨<O②></O：5>

Ithasneverbeenexplainedwhyunivers-ystudentsseemt。eniov

practicaljokesmorethananyoneelse.Studentsspecializeinaparticular

typeofpracticaljoke:thehoax.Invitingthefire-briqadet。putouta

non-existentfireisacrudeformofdeceptionwhichnosehrespectinq

studentwouldeverindulgein.Studentsoftencreateamusingsituations

whicharefunnytoeveryoneexceptthevictims.<0?></0C?)>

Whenastudentrecentlysawtwoworkmenusingapneumaticdrill

outsidehisuniversity,heimmediatelytelephonedthepoliceandinformed

themthattwostudentsdressedupasworkmenweretearinguptheroadwith

apneumaticdrill.Assoonashehadhungup,hewentovertotheworkmen

andtoldthemthatifapolicemanorderedthemtogoaway,theywerenotto

takehimseriously.Headdedthatastudenthaddressedupasapoliceman

andwasplayingallsortsofsillyjokesonpeople.Boththepoliceandthe

workmenweregratefultothestudentforthispieceofadvanceinformation.

<oS)></oS)>

Thestudenthidinanarchwaynearbywherehecouldwatchandhear

everythingthatwenton.Sureenough,apolicemanarrivedonthesceneand

politelyaskedtheworkmentogoaway.Whenhereceivedaveryrudereply

fromoneoftheworkmen,hethreatenedtoremovethembyforce.The

workmentoldhimtodoashepleasedandthepolicemantelephonedforhelp.

Shortlyafterwards,fourmorepolicemenarrivedandremonstratedwiththe

workmen.Asthemenrefusedtostopworking,thepoliceattemptedtoseize

thepneumaticdrill.Theworkmenstruggledfiercelyandoneofthemlosthis

temper.Hethreatenedtocallthepolice.Atthis,thepolicepointedout

ironicallythatthiswouldhardlybenecessaryasthemenwerealreadyunder

arrestPretendingtospeakseriously,oneoftheworkmenaskedifhemight

makeatelephonecallbeforebeingtakentothestation.Permissionwas

grantedandapolicemanaccompaniedhimtoapayphone.Onlywhenhe

sawthatthemanwasactuallytelephoningthepoli吃didhejealizethatthey

hadallbeenthevictimsofahoax.vOC'x/Ot，

誰(shuí)也弄不清為什么大學(xué)生好像比任何人都更喜歡惡作劇。大學(xué)生擅長(zhǎng)一種特殊的惡作劇一戲弄人。

請(qǐng)消防隊(duì)來(lái)?yè)錅缫粓?chǎng)根本沒(méi)有的大火是一種低級(jí)騙局，有自尊心的大學(xué)生決不會(huì)去做。上學(xué)生們常常做的

是制造一種可笑的局面，除了受害者大家都覺(jué)得非常滑稽。盤(pán)'>

最近有個(gè)學(xué)生看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)工人在大學(xué)校門(mén)外用風(fēng)鉆干活，馬上打電話(huà)報(bào)告警察，說(shuō)有兩個(gè)學(xué)生裝扮成工

人，正在用風(fēng)鉆破壞路面。掛上電話(huà)后，他又馬上來(lái)到工人那兒，告訴他們?nèi)粲袀€(gè)警察來(lái)讓他們走開(kāi)，不

要把他當(dāng)回事：還對(duì)工人說(shuō)，有個(gè)學(xué)生常裝扮成警察無(wú)聊地同別人開(kāi)玩笑。警察與工人都對(duì)那個(gè)學(xué)生事先

通報(bào)情況表示感謝、<O^'x/cS)>

那學(xué)生躲在附近?拱形門(mén)廊里，在那兒可以看見(jiàn)、聽(tīng)到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)生的?切。果然，警察來(lái)了，有禮貌地

請(qǐng)工人離開(kāi)此地；但其中一個(gè)工人粗魯?shù)鼗亓藥拙洹Ｓ谑蔷焱{要強(qiáng)行使他們離開(kāi)。工人說(shuō)，悉聽(tīng)尊便。

警察去打電話(huà)叫人。一會(huì)兒工夫，又來(lái)了4個(gè)警察，規(guī)勸工人離開(kāi)。由于工人拒絕停下手中的活，警察想

奪風(fēng)鉆。兩個(gè)工人奮力抗?fàn)?，其中個(gè)發(fā)了火，威脅說(shuō)要去叫警察。警察聽(tīng)后譏諷地說(shuō)，這大可不必，因

為他倆已被逮捕了。其中?個(gè)工人裝模作樣地問(wèn)道，在被帶往警察局之前，是否可以打個(gè)電話(huà)。警察同

意了，陪他來(lái)到一個(gè)投幣電話(huà)前。當(dāng)他看到那個(gè)工人真的是給警察掛電話(huà)，才恍然大悟，原來(lái)他們都成了

?場(chǎng)騙局的受害者。

Lesson41IllusionsofPastoralPeace令靜田因生活的退想</O?'>

Thequietlifeofthecountryhasneveraueealedtome.Citybornandcity

bred,Ihavealwaysregardedthecountryassomethingyoulookatthrougha

trainwindow,orsomethingyouoccasionallyvisitduringtheweekend.Mostof

myfriendsliveinthecity,yettheyalwaysgointorapturesatthemere

mentionofthecountry.Thoughtheyextolthevirtuesofthepeacefullife,

onlyoneofthemhasevergonetoliveinthecountryandhewasbackintown

withinsixmonths.Evenhestilllivesundertheillusionthatcountrylifeis

somehowsuperiortotownlife.Heisforevertalkingaboutthefriendlypeople,

thecleanatmosphere,theclosenesstonatureandthegentlepaceofliving.

Nothingcanbecompared,hemaintains,withthefirstcockcrow,the

twitteringofbirdsatdawn,thesiqhtoftherisingsunglintingonthetreesand

pastures.Thisidyllicpastoralsceneis0nlypartofthepicture.Myfriendfails

tomentionthelongandfriendlesswintereveningsinfrontoftheTV--

virtuallytheonlyformofentertainment.Hesaysnothingaboutthepoor

selectionofgoodsintheshops,oraboutthoseunfortunatepeoplewhohave

totravelfromthecountrytothecityeverydaytogettowork.Whypeopleare

preparedtotolerateafour-hourjourneyeachdayforthedubiousprivilegeof

livinginthecountryisbeyondme.Theycouldbesavedsomuchmiseryand

expenseiftheychosetoliveinthecitywheretheyrightlybelong.

Ifyoucandowithoutthefewpastoralpleasuresofthecountry,youwill

findthedtycanprovideyouwiththebestthatlifecanoffer.Youneverhave

totravelmilestoseeyourfriends.Theyinvariablylivenearbyandarealways

availableforaninformalchatoranevening'sentertainment.Someofmy

acquaintancesinthecountrycomeuptotownonceortwiceayeartovisit

thetheatreasaspecialtreat.Forthemthisisamajoroperationwhich

involvesconsiderableplanning.Astheplaydrawstoitsclose,theywonder

whethertheywillevercatchthatlasttrainhome.ThecHydwellernever

experiencesanxietiesofthissort.Thelatestexhibitions,films,orplaysare

onlyashortbusrideaway.Shopping,too,isalwaysapleasure.Thereisso

muchvarietythatyouneverhavetomakedowithsecondbest.Country

peoplerunwildwhentheya。shoppinainthe&tyandstaggerhomeloaded

withasmanyoftheexotic讓emsastheycancarry.Noristhecitywithoutits

momentsofbeauty.Thereissomethingcomfortingaboutthewarmglow

shedbyadvertisementsoncoldwetwinternights.Fewthingscouldbemore

impressivethanthepeacethatdescendsondesertedcitystreetsat

weekendswhenthethousandsthattraveltoworkeverydayaretuckedaway

intheirhomesinthecountry.Ithasalwavsbeenamvstervtomewhvcity

dwellers,