學院：專業(yè)：姓名：學號：(用外文寫)外文出處：[J].IBMSystemsJournal(用外文寫)附件：1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。指導教師評語：簽名：年月日

附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文數(shù)字圖書館的宏觀管理隨著多媒體技術和通信技術的進步，Internet網(wǎng)絡的飛速發(fā)展，數(shù)字圖書館的研究與建設已取得很大的成就。這必將導致圖書館組織機構、工作模式和工作機理以及圖書館管理理念等方面的深刻的管理變革。但是人們的注意力大多集中在各種載體文獻的數(shù)字化技術、數(shù)字圖書館信息資源組織和檢索技術等方面，對于數(shù)字圖書館的管理問題仍末引起足夠的重視。因此，數(shù)字圖書館的宏觀管理越來越成為數(shù)字圖書館發(fā)展建設必需解決的重大問題。1數(shù)字圖書館宏觀管理的新理念數(shù)字圖書館是一個數(shù)字化的信息系統(tǒng)，它通過計算機技術、通訊網(wǎng)絡、信息處理等各種技術，將分散于各種載體、不同地理位置的信息資源以數(shù)字化的方式儲存，以網(wǎng)絡化的方式互相連接，提供及時利用，實現(xiàn)資源共享。因此，數(shù)字圖書館的管理與傳統(tǒng)圖書館的管理有很大的區(qū)別，應確立新的管理理念。首先是確立“集成管理”理念。也就是將集成思想創(chuàng)造性地用于數(shù)字圖書館管理實踐的過程，其核心是強調運用集成的思想和觀念指導數(shù)字圖書館的管理實踐，實現(xiàn)信息技術、信息資源、信息規(guī)范、人力資源等各種資源要素的全方位優(yōu)化、組合，促進各項要素、功能和優(yōu)勢之間的互補與匹配，最終促進整個管理效率的提高。其次要確立“知識是數(shù)字圖書館管理最重要的資源”理念。隨著網(wǎng)絡技術的發(fā)展和“學習型社會”的提倡，人們對社會信息與知識的需求增加，客觀上要求數(shù)字圖書館不斷拓寬業(yè)務范圍，改善服務環(huán)境與手段，運用眾多專家的知識和智慧開發(fā)知識資源。還應確立“以人為本自主管理”理念。數(shù)字圖書館要在未來社會中得到可持續(xù)的發(fā)展，最重大的現(xiàn)實問題就是如何將人本管理思想貫徹實施，這也是一項戰(zhàn)略性的創(chuàng)新型管理制度。2數(shù)字圖書館的宏觀管理2.1數(shù)字圖書館的知識管理數(shù)字圖書館知識管理是指通過對數(shù)字圖書館所擁有的包括信息與知識各種要素在內的所有智力資本進行組織、開發(fā)和運營，實現(xiàn)知識創(chuàng)新、知識傳播和知識增殖的過程。數(shù)字圖書館本質上是一種面向用戶的網(wǎng)絡化數(shù)字資源體系、向用戶提供系統(tǒng)化的有序的知識體系，工作重心也轉向深層次的知識服務。因此，數(shù)字圖書館實質上是一種知識型組織，同時數(shù)字圖書館建設也是一項知識創(chuàng)新工程，這就決定了知識管理是數(shù)字圖書館宏觀管理的必然選擇，是數(shù)字圖書館管理的首選模式。數(shù)字圖書館知識管理的主要內容包括：知識創(chuàng)造管理（是一種開發(fā)新知識或替代現(xiàn)有隱性知識和顯性知識的過程和行為）；知識組織管理（利用信息技術通過知識發(fā)現(xiàn)、知識獲取、知識表示、知識存貯來組織數(shù)字圖書館知識）；知識檢索管理（根據(jù)用戶需求或問題的實際情況找出可利用的知識，使問題得到圓滿解決，涉及到人工智能與專家系統(tǒng)的許多方面）；知識服務管理（包括數(shù)字化參考咨詢服務管理、基于網(wǎng)絡的個性化信息定制服務管理、基于網(wǎng)絡的知識創(chuàng)建與知識共享服務管理等）；知識資本管理（包括數(shù)字圖書館的人力資本管理、知識產權資本管理等）。為了有效地搞好數(shù)字圖書館的知識管理，首先應確定知識開發(fā)策略。知識周期包括知識創(chuàng)造、知識采用、知識發(fā)布、知識評價。除此之外，數(shù)字圖書館還可利用其他途徑來獲取知識。購買是獲取知識最直接、最有效的辦法，包括購買擁有知識的整個機構或是雇傭擁有知識的個人。租用是獲取知識的另一常用方法，一般采取的形式是數(shù)字圖書館向某一公司或機構的研究項目提供經濟援助或資金，以換取研究成果的第一商業(yè)使用權。其次是組建知識型團隊組織。知識型團隊是一種以知識的創(chuàng)建、傳播與應用為基本出發(fā)點的由相互協(xié)作的個體所組成的正式群體。數(shù)字圖書館知識型團隊組織由資源建設團隊、信息服務團隊、技術支持與開發(fā)團隊、高層管理團隊四部分組成。這些團隊組織通過相互協(xié)作與交流，提高了數(shù)字知識的時效性，完善了數(shù)字圖書館的知識服務，改善了領導關系。2.2數(shù)字圖書館的用戶管理數(shù)字圖書館的用戶管理不僅要能有效地保證數(shù)字圖書館信息資源的充分利用，實現(xiàn)資源共享，同時也要能做到有效保護商用信息資源的知識產權，并盡可能使用戶管理簡單化，從而保證系統(tǒng)的高效運行。因此，采取合適的用戶管理模式對于數(shù)字圖書館來說至關重要。綜合目前有關的研究資料，筆者認為，數(shù)字圖書館合理的用戶管理模式應是IP驗證加防火墻隔離方式與用戶認證加訪問授權方式的緊密結合。即對于數(shù)量龐大的數(shù)字圖書館Intranet用戶采取IP驗證加防火墻隔離方式進行管理；對于Internet上想利用該數(shù)字圖書館商用信息資源的用戶和那些常常離開Intranet覆蓋范圍的Intranet用戶可以采用用戶認證加訪問授權方式進行管理。因為上述兩種用戶管理方式各有所長，各有所短，若單純采用一種管理模式，勢必給用戶利用商用信息帶來障礙；若管理的用戶過多，則會影響系統(tǒng)的運行效率。不難看出，它們具有優(yōu)勢互補的特點。因而結合起來進行用戶管理，數(shù)字圖書館就能有效地解決資源共享、知識產權保護和系統(tǒng)運行效率之間的關系問題。2.3數(shù)字圖書館的人力資源管理數(shù)字圖書館信息資源的載體、存取方式及覆蓋范圍都發(fā)生了前所未有的變化，呈現(xiàn)出多媒體、多語種、全球性分布式結構等特點，圖書館工作人員的素質、專業(yè)技術水平的高低將直接影響信息資源開發(fā)的深度和質量。同時，數(shù)字圖書館中傳統(tǒng)的服務模式被打破，圖書館面對的是不同用戶、不同層次的需求，用戶需求的多樣化決定了館員知識結構的復合化與服務內容的個性化必須得到加強。在信息時代，人們更注意信息的傳遞，并更多地根據(jù)讀者需求的滿足率及為用戶提供選擇性信息的能力來評價一個圖書館。因此，數(shù)字圖書館的人力資源建設是信息資源建設的前提，同時也是圖書館開展信息服務、保持信息服務主導地位的必然要求。但是，受傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響，某些圖書館領導意識薄略、人才流失、人力資源管理技術落后，加之工作人員工作積極性不是太高，這些因素制約著人力資源建設的發(fā)展。數(shù)字圖書館的人力資源管理應當從以下幾方面確定發(fā)展策略：（1）以人為本，樹立“能本管理”的理念。通過有效的方法，最大限度地發(fā)揮人的能力，從而實現(xiàn)能力價值的最大化，把能力這種最重要的人力資源作為組織發(fā)展的推動力量。（2）建立科學高效的管理機制，包括建立增強動力的競爭機制、建立調動積極性的激勵機制和建立挖掘潛能的培養(yǎng)機制等，激發(fā)圖書館員的動機，發(fā)揮其內在潛力，通過在職培訓或進修提高他們的綜合技能，引導競爭朝良性的方向發(fā)展。目前主要采取思想教育與知識學習相結合、引進人才與館內培養(yǎng)相結合、博學與專才相結合、學術研究與實際應用相結合等方式對數(shù)字圖書館的人力資源進行管理。2.4數(shù)字圖書館的網(wǎng)絡信息資源管理針對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上中文信息匱乏、網(wǎng)絡信息資源管理雜亂的現(xiàn)狀，我們應下大力氣抓緊網(wǎng)絡信息資源建設，加強其管理。從宏觀來看，可采取如下對策：（1）加強對網(wǎng)上信息的整合與開發(fā)，推動信息資源的開放與共享。通過對網(wǎng)上信息的整合、處理，使信息上升為知識，從而使用戶可以直接獲取符合其需求的直接有用的知識。對于網(wǎng)上的虛擬資源也應該進行整理和鏈接，作為網(wǎng)上信息整合的一部分。要采取數(shù)據(jù)倉庫、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘、人工智能等技術來獲取信息中的隱含知識。受經費、技術等條件的限制，數(shù)字環(huán)境下原始專業(yè)性資源相對傳統(tǒng)資源更加貧乏，因而應在統(tǒng)一的標準規(guī)范基礎上對這些資源進行開發(fā)、開放與共享。（2）對信息資源進行深加工，并加強知識庫建設。數(shù)字資源的加工應強調數(shù)字對象的語義結構信息，注意挖掘數(shù)字對象之間顯性與隱性的關系，通過建立完全的知識概念體系將所有信息資源聯(lián)系起來。數(shù)字圖書館應通過信息資源管理技術對原始信息資源進行組織，使之更加有序化，并最終形成符合用戶需要的知識庫。重點建設一批重點戰(zhàn)略性資源庫，同時加快政府信息數(shù)據(jù)庫的建設。（3）加強網(wǎng)絡知識服務。數(shù)字圖書館應在人工智能、語義Web、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘等知識管理工具和技術的協(xié)助下，盡快建立網(wǎng)上知識服務體系與信息服務體系。2.5數(shù)字圖書館的知識產權管理數(shù)字圖書館的知識產權問題，包括信息資源建設中的知識產權問題（體現(xiàn)在信息資源采集、信息資源數(shù)字化過程中）、信息資源傳播中的知識產權問題、信息資源服務中的知識產權問題。它實質上是知識產權在數(shù)字技術、網(wǎng)絡技術上的運用問題，一方面促進數(shù)字圖書館的發(fā)展，保護權利人的利益，另一方面又制約著數(shù)字圖書館的發(fā)展，制約著社會公眾的利益。數(shù)字圖書館的知識產權管理，可采取以下的對策：（1）利用《著作權法》中的“法定許可”合理使用?？梢越鉀Q部分信息采集和數(shù)據(jù)庫建設中的知識產權問題。如數(shù)字圖書館建設中的資源數(shù)字化是屬于復制行為，若是基于服務的并且無任何贏利目的，也屬于合理使用。（2）建立著作權的集中管理組織。通過這一中介，數(shù)字圖書館建設者可以獲得有關信息資源建設、傳播和利用的授權，從而解決數(shù)字圖書館建設中的知識產權問題。我們熟知的超星數(shù)字圖書館、人大復印資料等就是通過這種中介組織獲得授權的典型案例。（3）與出版社合作取得授權。資源信息數(shù)據(jù)庫的建設者可以通過與出版社合作達到“雙贏”的目的。（4）建立與數(shù)字圖書館建設配套的知識產權法律體系。隨著數(shù)字技術和網(wǎng)絡技術的飛躍，賦予數(shù)字圖書館特定的法律地位以及對信息資源數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡化、共享化的專有權，已經十分必要。只有有了健全的法律制度，才能使數(shù)字圖書館建設真正做到有法可依，違法必究。2.6數(shù)字圖書館的戰(zhàn)略及標準化管理數(shù)字圖書館建設涉及到各種各樣的技術、管理和服務等問題，因此，有必要從戰(zhàn)略管理的高度處理好數(shù)字圖書館建設中的一些宏觀關系，實行標準化管理。標準化與規(guī)范化是數(shù)字圖書館建設的一個十分突出的問題，并成為實現(xiàn)數(shù)字圖書館資源共享的前提和根本保障，將直接影響數(shù)據(jù)庫的質量和服務效果。應當在充分調研基礎上，逐步推出比較完善的標準，構建數(shù)字圖書館的標準體系，應著重考慮到：數(shù)字化信息采集標準；數(shù)字化信息組織與存儲標準，如數(shù)字化信息的分類、元數(shù)據(jù)標準等；信息檢索標準，如全文數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索；網(wǎng)絡及網(wǎng)絡資源標準，如網(wǎng)絡信息資源組織標準；信息的權限管理與安全標準，如加密、水印技術等；還有文獻信息系統(tǒng)質量管理及認證體系等其他標準。3小結數(shù)字圖書館的宏觀管理相對較復雜，需要運用全新的管理理念和方法來予以實現(xiàn)。上述6個方面既是數(shù)字圖書館管理的重要手段，而相互之間又存在著相互促進、相互依賴的關系，它們共同推動著數(shù)字圖書館建設和管理的發(fā)展。附件2：外文原文（復印件）Themacro-managementoftheDigitalLibraryWithmultimediaandcommunicationtechnologiesprogress,therapiddevelopmentofInternetnetwork,thedigitallibraryresearchanddevelopmenthasmadegreatachievements.ThiswillcertainlyleadtotheLibraryorganization,workpatternsandworkmechanismandlibrarymanagementphilosophy,andotheraspectsofthemanagementoftheprofoundchanges.However,people'sattentionlargelyfocusedontheliteratureofvariouscarriersofdigitaltechnology,thedigitallibraryinformationresourcesorganizationandretrievaltechnology,thedigitallibrarymanagementissuesstillpayingsufficientattentiontotheend.Therefore,themacro-managementoftheDigitalLibraryhasincreasinglybecomeadigitallibrarydevelopmentandconstructionofthemajorissuesneededtoberesolved.1Digitallibraryofthenewmacro-managementconceptDigitalLibraryisadigitalinformationsystem,throughcomputertechnology,communicationsnetworks,informationprocessing,andothertechnology,willbescatteredinvariouscarriersindifferentgeographicallocationtotheinformationresourcesofthedigitalapproachtostoragetonetworkwitheachotherthewaytoprovidetimelyuse,sharingofresources.Therefore,thedigitallibrarymanagementandtraditionallibrarymanagementhavegreatdistinction,shouldbetheestablishmentofanewmanagementphilosophy.Firstistoestablish"integratedmanagement"philosophy.Willmeanthinkingcreativelyintegrateddigitallibrarymanagementpracticesfortheprocess,thecoreofwhichisthattheuseofintegratedthinkingandconceptsguidingdigitallibrarymanagementpracticesofinformationtechnology,informationresources,informationstandards,humanresourcesandotherresourceselementsandall-roundoptimization,integration,thepromotionoftheelements,functions,andthecomplementaritybetweentheadvantagesandmatching,andultimatelypromotetheefficiencyoftheentiremanagement.Second,wemustestablishthe"knowledgedigitallibraryisthemostimportantresourcemanagement"philosophy.Withthedevelopmentofnetworktechnologyandthe"learningsociety"advocates,andpeoplewithknowledgeoftheinformationsocietyincreaseddemand,theobjectiverequirementsoftheDigitalLibraryoncontinuouslyexpandingthescopeofbusiness,theenvironmentandmeanstoimproveservices,manyexpertsuseoftheknowledgeandwisdomofthedevelopmentofknowledgeresources.Shouldestablisha"people-orientedself-management"idea.DigitalLibraryinthefuturesociety,insustainabledevelopment,themostsignificantproblemistherealityofhowpeoplewillbethinkingoftheimplementationofthemanagement,thisisastrategicandinnovativemanagementsystem.2Themacro-managementoftheDigitalLibrary2.1DigitalLibraryofKnowledgeManagementDigitalLibrarythroughknowledgemanagementreferstothedigitallibrary,includingownedbytheinformationandknowledgeofalltheelementsofintellectualcapital,developmentandoperationof,knowledgeinnovation,knowledgedisseminationandknowledgeproliferationprocess.DigitalLibraryisessentiallyauser-orientednetworkofdigitalresourcessystem,toprovideuserssystematicandorderlysystemofknowledge,alsothefocusofworktothedeep-seatedknowledgeservices.Therefore,thedigitallibraryisessentiallyaknowledge-basedorganization,whilealsobuildingadigitallibraryofknowledgeinnovationproject,whichdeterminesthatknowledgemanagementisadigitallibraryofmacro-managementinevitablechoiceforthemanagementofdigitallibrariesisthepreferredmode.DigitalLibrarythemainelementsofknowledgemanagement,including:creatingknowledgemanagement(isadevelopmentofnewknowledgeorreplacetheexistingtacitknowledgeandexplicitknowledgeoftheprocessandacts);knowledgeorganizationandmanagement(throughtheuseofinformationtechnologyknowledgediscovery,knowledgeacquisition,knowledgethatknowledgetoorganizedigitallibrarystoringknowledge);KnowledgeRetrievalManagement(accordingtouserneedsorproblemscanbefoundintheactualuseoftheknowledge,sothattheproblemsthathavebeensuccessfullysettled,involvingartificialintelligenceandexpertsystemsinmanyareas);knowledgemanagementservices(includingdigitalreferenceservicemanagement,network-basedpersonalizedinformationtailoredservicemanagement,network-basedknowledgecreationandknowledgesharingservicemanagement,etc.);intellectualcapitalmanagement(includingdigitallibraryofhumancapitalmanagement,intellectualpropertyrights,capitalmanagement,etc.).Inordertoeffectivelyimprovedigitallibraryknowledgemanagement,knowledgedevelopmentshouldfirstdeterminestrategy.Knowledgecycleincludingknowledgecreation,knowledgeuseandknowledgerelease,knowledgeevaluation.Inaddition,theDigitalLibrarycanalsouseotherwaysofacquiringknowledge.Buyaccesstoknowledgeisthemostdirectandeffectiveway,includingthepurchaseoftheentireinstitutionhavetheknowledgeortheemploymentofindividualswithknowledge.RentingaccesstoknowledgeisanothercommonmethodgenerallytaketheformoftheDigitalLibrarytoacompanyororganization'sresearchprojectsorfundstoprovidefinancialassistanceinexchangefortheresearchachievementsofthefirstcommercialuseoftheright.Thiswasfollowedbytheestablishmentofaknowledge-basedorganizationsteam.Teamisaknowledge-basedknowledgecreation,disseminationandapplicationofthebasicstartingpointformutualcooperationfromtheindividualgroupsformedbytheofficial.DigitalLibraryknowledge-basedteamorganizedbytheResourceDevelopmentteam,informationservicesteam,technicalsupportanddevelopmentteam,theseniormanagementteamcomposedoffourparts.Theseteamsthroughmutualcooperationandexchangesandenhanceknowledgeofthefiguresofthetime,improvetheknowledgeofthedigitallibraryservices,andimprovingrelationsbetweentheleadership.2.2DigitalLibraryUserManagementDigitalLibraryusersmustbeabletoeffectivelymanagenotonlytoensuredigitallibrariesmakefulluseofinformationresources,sharingofresources,butalsocanbeeffectiveprotectionofintellectualpropertyrightsbusinessinformationresources,andwherepossible,tosimplifyusermanagement,thusensuringsystemTheefficientoperation.Therefore,adoptingtheappropriatemodelforusermanagementiscriticaltotheDigitalLibrary.Comprehensiveinformationonthecurrentstudy,IbelievethattheDigitalLibraryreasonableusermanagementmodelshouldbeverifiedIPandfirewallisolationmethodsanduserauthenticationandauthorizationmethodstothecloseintegration.ThatthehugenumberofDigitalLibraryIntranetuserstotakeIPVerificationandfirewallisolationapproachtomanagement;fortheInternettotakeadvantageofthedigitallibrarybusinessusersandinformationresourcesthatareoftenleftIntranetcoverageIntranetuserscanvisitauserauthenticationandauthorizationmethodsmanagement.Becausethesetwousermanagementstrengths,inshort,ifonlybyamanagementmodel,itisboundtobringusersofbusinessinformationbarriers;iftoomanymanagementofusers,willaffectthesystemoperatingefficiency.Itisnotdifficulttoseethattheyhavecomplementarycharacteristics.Thusbeintegratedintotheusermanagement,digitallibrarieswillbeabletoeffectivelyaddressthesharingofresourcesandprotectionofintellectualpropertyrightssystemandtherelationshipbetweentheoperatingefficiencyissues.2.3DigitalLibraryHumanResourcesManagementDigitalLibraryInformationResourcescarrier,accessmethodsandcoveragehavetakenplaceintheunprecedentedchanges,showingamultimedia,multilingual,globaldistributedarchitecturefeatures,thequalityoflibrarystaff,professionalandtechnicallevelwilldirectlyaffectthelevelofinformationresourcedevelopmentandthedepthofquality.Atthesametime,adigitallibraryoftraditionalmodesofservicebreak,thelibraryisfacingdifferentusersdifferentlevelsofdemand,thediversityofuserneedslibrariansdecidedtheknowledgestructureofthecompoundwiththepersonalizedservicesmustbestrengthened.Intheinformationage,peoplepaymoreattentiontothetransmissionofinformation,andmoreonthebasisofreadersrateandmeettheneedsofusersfortheabilitytoprovideselectiveinformationtoevaluatealibrary.Therefore,thedigitallibrarydevelopmentofhumanresourcesistheprerequisiteforbuildinginformationresources,aswellaslibrariesofinformationservices,informationservicestomaintainthedominantpositionoftheinevitablerequirement.However,duetothetraditionalconceptoftheimpactofcertainlibrariesslightlythinsenseofleadership,thebraindrain,humanresourcesmanagementandbackwardtechnology,andtheenthusiasmofthestaffworkisnotveryhigh,thesefactorsconstrainingthedevelopmentofhumanresources.DigitalLibraryofhumanresourcesmanagementfromthefollowingaspectsshouldbedefineddevelopmentstrategy:(1)apeople-centered,fostera"canthismanagement"philosophy.Througheffectivewaystomaximizetheabilityofpeopletoplay,soastoachievetheabilitytomaximizethevalueofthecapacityofthismostimportanthumanresourcedevelopmentorganizationasadrivingforce.(2)establishascientificandefficientmanagementmechanism,includingtheestablishmentofamechanismofcompetitionenhancedpower,theestablishmentofmotivationandincentivemechanismsfortheestablishmentofminingpotentialofthetrainingmechanism,themotivationinspiredlibrariansplayitsinherentpotential,throughin-servicetrainingorimproveeducationtheircomprehensiveskills,andguidehealthycompetitioninthedirectionofNorthKorea.Atpresentthemainideologicaleducationtocombinelearningandknowledge,talentandtheintroductionoftheMuseumofcombiningtraining,andlearnedprofessionalscombineacademicresearchandpracticalapplicationofmethodswiththeintegrationofdigitallibrariesofhumanresourcesmanagement.2.4DigitalLibraryNetworkInformationResourcesManagementChineseinformationontheInternetforlackofnetworkinformationresourcesmanagementmessofthestatusquo,weshouldmakegreateffortstostepupthebuildingofnetworkinformationresources,strengthenitsmanagement.Fromamacropointofview,totakethefollowingmeasures:(1)toenhancetheintegrationofonlineinformationanddevelopment,promotetheopeningupofinformationandsharingofresources.Throughtheintegrationofonlineinformation,processing,theinformationwillrisetotheknowledge,sothatuserscandirectlyaccesstheirneedsdirectlywithusefulknowledge.Foronlinevirtualresourcesshouldalsoorganizeandlinks,aspartofintegratedonlineinformation.Tobetakendatawarehouse,datamining,andartificialintelligencetechniquestoobtaininformationimpliedknowledge.Byfunding,technologyandotherconditions,thedigitalenvironmentoriginalprofessionalresourcesinarelativelytraditionalresourcesmorescarceandthereforeshouldbeunifiedstandardsandnormsonthebasisofthedevelopmentoftheseresources,andopeningupandsharing.(2)ofinformationprocessingresources,andstrengtheningtheknowledgebaseconstruction.DigitalprocessingresourcesshouldbeemphasizedthattheDigitalObjectsemanticstructureinformation,totapdigitalobjectbetweendominantandrecessiverelationshipthroughtheestablishmentoftheconceptofcompleteknowledgesystemwillbelinkedtoallinformationresources.DigitalLibraryInformationResourcesManagementshouldbeadoptedontheoriginalinformationtechnologyresources,tomakeitmoreorderly,andultimatelyconsistentwiththeneedsoftheknowledgebaseofusers.Focusonthebuildingofanumberofkeystrategicresourcebase,andspeeduptheconstructionofthedatabase.(3)tostrengthentheirnetworkknowledgeservices.DigitalLibraryinartificialintelligence,SemanticWeb,dataminingtoolssuchasknowledgemanagementandtechnicalassistanceassoonaspossible,theestablishmentofonlineknowledgeandinformationservicesystemservicesystem.2.5DigitalLibraryofIntellectualPropertyManagementDigitalLibraryintellectualpropertyissues,includinginformationresourcesinthebuildingofintellectualpropertyrights(reflectedinthecollectionofinformationresources,informationresourcesintheprocessoffigures),thedisseminationofinformationresourcesintheissueofintellectualpropertyrights,informationresourcesintheserviceofintellectualpropertyrights.Itisessentiallyintellectualpropertyrightsindigitaltechnology,theuseofnetworktechnicalissues,whilepromotingthedevelopmentofdigitallibraries,andtheinterestsoftheprotectionofrights,ontheotherhand,restrictsthedevelopmentofdigitallibraries,whichrestrictsthepublic'sinterest.DigitalLibraryofintellectualpropertyrightsmanagement,cantakethefollowingmeasures:(1)theuseofthe"CopyrightLaw"inthe"statutorylicense"reasonableuse.Cansolvesomeoftheinformationcollectionanddatabasebuildingintheissueofintellectualpropertyrights.Ifintheconstructionofdigitallibrariesofdigitalresourcesisareproduction,ifbasedontheservicesandnoprofitpurposes,butalsototherationaluse.(2)theestablishmentofthecentralizedcopyrightmanagementorganizations.Throughthisintermediary,digitallibrariesbuilderstogettherelevantinformationresourcesbuilding,disseminationandutilizationofthemandate,soastosolvethedigitallibraryinthebuildingofintellectualpropertyrights.WeareawareoftheSuperStarDigitalLibrary,theNationalPeople'sCongresscopiesofthisinformationisthroughanintermediarybodyauthorizedtypicalcases.(3)havetheauthoritytocooperationwiththepublisher.ResourceInformationDatabasebuilderscanbeachievedthroughcooperationwiththepublisher"win-win"objective.(4)Establishingandsupportingthebuildingofdigitallibrariesofintellectualpropertylegalsystem.Asdigitaltechnologyandnetworkingtechnologyleaptogivespecificdigitallibraryaswellasthelegalstatusofdigitalinformationresources,networking,thesharingofproprietaryrights,hasbeenverynecessary.Onlywhenwehaveasoundlegalsysteminordertoenabletheconstructionofdigitallibrarytrulyaccordingtothelaw,violatorsarebroughttojustice.2.6DigitalLibrarymanagementstrategiesandstandardizationDigitalLibraryConstructionrelatedtoawiderangeoftechnical,managementandservices,andtherefore,thereisaneedfromthestrategicmanagementofthehighdegreeofhandlingdigitallibraryinthebuildingofsomeofthemacro,standardizemanagement.Standardizationandstandardizetheconstructionofdigitallibrariesisaveryprominentproblem,andtherealizationofthedigitallibraryresourcesharingandfundamentalprerequisiteforprotection,itwilldirectlyaffectthequalityofthedatabaseandserviceeffectiveness.Itshouldbeonthebasisoffullinvestigation,andgraduallyintroducemoreperfectstandards,theDigitalLibraryConstructionofthestandardsystem,shouldfocusontakingintoaccount:thenumberofinformationcollection;digitalinformationorganizationandstoragestandards,suchasthedigitalinformationclassification,metadatastandards,informationsearchcriteria,suchasfull-textdatabaseretrieval;standardnetworkandnetworkresources,suchasnetworkinformationresources;informationrightsmanagementandsecuritystandards,suchasencryptionandwatermarkingtechnology;alsothequalityofmanagementinformationsystemdocumentationandcertificationsystemandotherstandards.3SummaryDigitalLibrarymacroeconomicmanagementmorecomplicated,weneedtoapplythenewmanagementconceptsandmethodstoachieveit.ThesesixaspectsofthemanagementofDigitalLibraryisanimportantmeans,buttherearealsoamongmutualpromotion,interdependentrelationship,theyjointlypromotetheconstructionandmanagementofdigitallibrarydevelopment.

論大學生寫作能力寫作能力是對自己所積累的信息進行選擇、提取、加工、改造并將之形成為書面文字的能力。積累是寫作的基礎，積累越厚實，寫作就