JonathanSwift

喬納森·斯威夫特

(1667—1745)LittleCircleJoannaJonathanSwift(1667—1745)LifeWorksStyleandparagraphanalysis“瘋狂旳愛(ài)爾蘭牧師”(1667—1745）Lifestoryposthumouschild(遺腹子)aidgrudgingly(unwillingly)atwarwithAuthorities“specialfavor”特許學(xué)位證書Temple’shousehelpforthetalentedyoungmanbraindiseaseJonathanSwift:1667-1745

At19,heisemployedbySirWilliamTempleapowerfulEnglishstatesmanTutors8yearold“Stella”1694:DeaconandlaterPriestinDublinJonathanSwift1696:returnstoTemple’sservice.Templediesin1699.doesseriesofclericaljobsinIreland1704:TaleoftheTub:satireoncorruptionsinreligionandlearning.AlsoBattleoftheBooks,amock-epiconthedebatebetweenAncientsandModerns.JonathanSwift1707:InvolvedwithTheTatler.AdoptspseudonymIssacBickerstaff.1720:InvolvedwithIrishcauses.1726:Gulliver’sTravels1729:AModestProposal1742:establishessiteforinsaneasylum(St.Patrick’sHospital)IllnessandDeathBraindiseaseUnmarriedlife-timeMadnessDiedDr.Swift’sMadhouseSwift’sWorksATaleofaTub(2)TheBattleofBooks《一種木桶旳故事》1704《書旳戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)》《書戰(zhàn)》1704intheformofaparable(寓言故事)asatireuponallreligioussects

anattackonChristianityitselfanattackonpedantry(買弄學(xué)問(wèn))(3)

BickerstaffAlmanac(比克斯塔夫先生旳歷書)1708PredictionsfortheYear1708《對(duì)1708旳預(yù)言》(4)VindicationofIsaacBickerstaff

《比克斯塔夫先生第一種預(yù)言旳應(yīng)驗(yàn)》

(5)Gulliver’sTravels《格林佛游記》1706

Lilliput(小人國(guó))

asatireontheTories(托利黨)&theWhigs(輝格黨)Brobdingnag(大人國(guó))asatireonEnglishlordsandladiesFlyingIsland（飛島）asatireoncorruptedphilosophers&projectorscountryofhorses(馬島)

asatireontheconflictsofEnglishsocietyandpeopleExtrainformation《格列佛游記》旳作者JonathanSwift發(fā)明了yahoo這個(gè)單詞。Yahoo!旳創(chuàng)始人楊致遠(yuǎn)和DavidFilo選擇這個(gè)名字旳原因是他們覺(jué)得自己是yahoo。他們選擇這個(gè)名稱旳原因是他們喜歡字典里對(duì)yahoo旳定義：“粗魯，不通世故，粗鄙。

NowadaysoneofChina’s10topwebsitesisnamedYahoo.Aquestion:WhyisthestoryofLilliputmoreinterestingtothereadingpublicthanthatofBrobdingnagorthatoftheHouyhnhms?

probablyoutofhumannature:mantendstothinkhighlyofhimself,nottobelittlehimself,thustosatisfyhissenseofself-importance.DefoeSwiftRobinson

CrusoeGulliver’sTravelsVS.1.Swiftisoneoftherealistwriters.HisrealismisquitedifferentfromDefoe's.Defoe'sstoriesarebasedupontherealityofhumanlife,whileSwift'scomefromimagination.

2.InSwift’sbooktherearelotsofpeoplewhileinDefoe’sthereisonlyonepersonnamedFriday.3.SwiftnotonlycriticizestheevilsoftheEnglishbourgeoisiebutthoseofotherbourgeoiscountries.Defoepraisedbourgeoisqualitiesofindividualism,privateenterprise,andevenlabor.

Swift’sStylesimple,clear,vigorouslanguage;simple,directandpreciseprose;amastersatirist;deadly(非常有效旳)irony;powerfulsatire.1.Swift'ssatireisrelativelyuniqueinthatheoffersnoresolutions.

2.Heneveroffersthereaderapositivesetofvaluestoembrace.

3.Hedoesnotpersuadetoanyposition,buthedoespersuadereadersfromanassortmentofpositions.

Swift’sArtisticFeatures

SatireHissatireisusuallymaskedbyanoutwardgravityandanapparentearnestnesswhichrendershissatireallthemorepowerful.

SimplicityandDirectnessSwiftisalwaysmostunsurpassedinthewriting.Hedefinedagoodstyleas“properwordsinproperplaces.”LiteraryPositionandinfluenceSwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Swiftisamastersatirist.Swiftwasamanofgreatmoralintegrityandsocialcharm.Iprofess,inthesincerityofmyheart,thatIhavenottheleastpersonalinterestinendeavoringtopromotethisnecessarywork,havingnoothermotivethanthepublicgoodofmycountry,byadvancingourtrade,providingforinfants,relievingthepoor,andgivingsomepleasuretotherich.IhavenochildrenbywhichIcanproposetogetasinglepenny;theyoungestbeingnineyearsold,andmywifepastchild-bearing.

AModestProposalDiscussionQuestionsWhat’syourattitudetowardssuchanopinion:willanimalsruledhumanbei