考點4語法填空(2017?全國甲卷)話題:地鐵的歷史 詞數(shù):193W 難度:★★★In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing67everyday.Later,engineers68(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了最早的地鐵以及地鐵早期的發(fā)展。.【解析】crowds?？疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前面的形容詞terrible可知此處填名詞，crowd表示“人群”，是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有不定冠詞a,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.【解析】from?？疾榻樵~。toandfrom往返，來回，來來往往。toandfromwork上下班。.【解析】laying?？疾榉侵^語動詞。laying和句中的diggingup,building并列。.【解析】the?？疾楣谠~。top是名詞，前面要用冠詞，此處特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠詞the。.【解析】wereused。考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處講的是過去的事情，主語Steamengines和use之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。.【解析】fairly?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)化。此處需要用副詞來修飾形容詞unpleasant。.【解析】it?？疾榇~。用it指代前句中的railway。.【解析】managed。考查時態(tài)。此處講的是過去的事情所以用一般過去時,主語engineers和manage之間是主動關(guān)系，故填managedo.【解析】introduction?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)化。根據(jù)空前面的with和定冠詞the可知此處需要填名詞。withtheintroductionof表示“隨著 的引進“。.【解析】successful?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)化。句意:倫敦中央地鐵是這些新地鐵線中最成功的線路之一。根據(jù)句意以及空格前的themost可知，此處是themost十多音節(jié)形容詞構(gòu)成最高級，故填successfulo【難句剖析】Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.分析:and后面省略了主語it,usinganinterestingmethod是非謂語動詞作方式狀語。翻譯:它花了三年的時間才建成，并且是用一種有趣的方法建造的。(2017?全國乙卷)話題:健康飲食 詞數(shù):222W 難度:★★★Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.【文章大意】人們現(xiàn)在提倡低脂少鹽的生活，但它卻帶來了一些副作用，如過度肥胖和心臟病。本文提醒我們要適量，不能走極端。61.【解析】as。考查介詞。此處指作為一種抵抗心臟病的方法。as表示“作為”。62.【解析】effects。考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。此處根據(jù)空前面的some以及空后面列舉的兩個副作用可知，用effect的復(fù)數(shù)形式。.【解析】toprocesso考查非謂語動詞。requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事。.【解析】areremoved?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。填空處在句中作謂語。本文講述的是現(xiàn)狀，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語是fatandsalt,和remove之間是被動關(guān)系，所以填areremovedo.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~和固定搭配。asaresult因此。.【解析】worse?？疾楸容^級。even修飾比較級,evenworse表示“更糟糕的是”。.【解析】is。考查主謂一致。主語是fastfood,是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語用單數(shù)形式，且此處講的是現(xiàn)狀，所以填iSo.【解析】eating?？疾榉侵^語動詞。by在此處表示“通過”，是介詞，后面接動詞的-ing形式。.【解析】careful?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)化。此處表示“小心不要走極端”。根據(jù)句意和be可知后面用形容詞carefulo.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which在從句中作主語，指代前面主句的內(nèi)容?！倦y句剖析】Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunityasamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.分析:whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunityasamethodoffightingheartdisease是非限制性定語從句，破折號后面的theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight是對overweight和heartdisease的補充說明。翻譯:作為醫(yī)學(xué)界抵抗心臟病發(fā)起的這股潮流也有一些難以預(yù)料的副作用，如過度肥胖和心臟病，而這正是醫(yī)學(xué)界試圖去抵制的。(2017?全國丙卷)話題:人物介紹詞數(shù):213W難度:★★Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61.(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas62. modelinNewYork.Sarah63. (tell)thatshecouldbeBritain,snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,64. hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65.(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66.(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral67. (invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68. engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school69. (come)first.Idon,twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis70. (certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon,twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan,tmodelanymore.”【文章大意】本文是一篇人物介紹，介紹了一個中學(xué)生的多面人生。.【解析】resting。此處句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是spendtime(in)doing。.【解析】a。此處句子意義應(yīng)為“作為紐約的一名模特”，在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞model前應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞a,表示“一，一名”。.【解析】hasbeentold/wastold。此處句子意義應(yīng)為“有人告訴過Sarah,她可能是英國的一名新超模，下一年能掙一百萬美元”，故句子謂語應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。由于從句中的謂語動詞couldbe此處也可以使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。.【解析】who。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Sarah,故關(guān)系代詞用who。.【解析】toprove。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該使用不定式作動詞want的賓語。.【解析】education。前面有形容詞性物主代詞her,此處應(yīng)該使用動詞educate的名詞形式education作賓語。.【解析】invitations。由于前有several,故應(yīng)該使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)invitations,表示“邀請”。.【解析】皿。名詞degree意為“學(xué)位”，后面應(yīng)該跟介詞in,表示“在……方面”。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture意為“工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位”。.【解析】comes。此句是直接引語，根據(jù)前后句子的謂語可知，動詞come應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時。.【解析】certainly。此處應(yīng)該使用副詞形式作狀語，修飾謂語動詞is?！倦y句剖析】ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.分析:此句是一個復(fù)合句。主句是ButSarah...wantstoprove...,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels是非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Sarah,thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty是動詞prove的賓語從句。翻譯:但是Sarah已經(jīng)和一些超模走過秀了，她只是想證明自己既有美貌又有頭腦。(2017?浙江卷)話題:生活中的奇跡 詞數(shù):201 難度:★★★L(fēng)astOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall56.(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda57. (shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed58.loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt59. (I),“saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears60. (early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61.(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix-hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn,t.Pahlssonandherhusband62.(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,“shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63. (sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,64.itremaineduntilthecarrot,sleafytopaccidentallysprouted（生長）throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas65.wonder.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是LenaPahlsson在自家花園里的一個小胡蘿