100個最最常用醫(yī)學(xué)詞根和詞綴Table1Examplesoforgansandsystems〔部分器官與系統(tǒng)術(shù)語〕中文普通詞根/前/后綴形容詞例如1心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology心臟病學(xué)endocarditis心內(nèi)膜炎myocarditis心肌炎2腦braincerebroencephalocerebralcerebrum大腦cerebellum小腦encephalopathy月腦病3顱skullcraniocranialintracranial顱內(nèi)的4肺lungPulmopulmonopulmonarypulmonology肺病學(xué)pulmonitis肺炎5肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis肝炎hepatobiliary肝膽的hepatoenterostomy肝腸吻合6腎kidneynephrorenalnephritis腎炎nephropathy腎病nephrectomy腎切除7國胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis胃炎gastrectomy胃切除8腸intestinegutbowelenterointestinalenteritis腸炎gastroenteritis胃腸炎enterostomy腸造口術(shù)9食道/管esophagusesophagoesophagealesophagitis食道炎esophagoscopy食道鏡10膽〔汁〕Bilecholebiliarycholecystitis膽囊炎cholesterol膽固醇11脾spleensplenosplenicsplenectomy脾切除splenomegaly脾大12胰pancreaspancreatopancreaticpancreatitis胰腺pancreatopathy胰腺病13膀胱bladdercystcystocysticcystitis膀胱炎cystography膀胱造影14〔泌〕尿urineurourethrourinaryurology泌尿病學(xué)transurethral經(jīng)尿道的15直腸rectusrectorectalrectoscopy直腸鏡檢查rectoplasty直腸成形術(shù)rectocolitis直腸結(jié)腸炎

16結(jié)腸coloncolocolonalcolitis結(jié)腸炎colostomy結(jié)腸造口17肌musclemyomuscularmyocarditis心肌炎myoma月兒瘤18關(guān)節(jié)jointarthroarticulararthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎arthropathy關(guān)節(jié)病19骨boneosteoosteoarthritis骨關(guān)節(jié)炎osteoplasty骨整形20髓marrowmyelomyeloma骨髓瘤myelitis骨髓炎myelopathy骨髓病21血bloodhematohematichematology血液學(xué)hematoma血腫22血管vesselvasoangiovascularvasopressin血管加壓素angiography血管造影23動脈arteryarterioarterialarteriosclerosis動脈硬化24靜脈veinvenovenousIntravenous靜脈內(nèi)的25神經(jīng)nerveneuronervousneuron神經(jīng)元neuroma神經(jīng)瘤26細胞cellcytocellularcytology細胞學(xué)leukocyte白細胞27眼eyeophthalmooculoocularvisualophthalmology眼科學(xué)ophthalmitis眼炎28耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer聽力計audiosurgery耳夕卜科29鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢nasogastric鼻胃的30口mouthorooralorolingual口舌的31舌tonguelinguolingualsublingual舌下的32喉throatlaryngolaryngeallaryngectomy喉切除laryngitis喉炎33咽throatpharyngopharyngealpharyngitis咽炎34氣管/道Airway/pipe /passagetracheotrachealtracheostomy氣管插管tracheoscope氣管鏡tracheoesophageal氣管食道的35體body-some/some-physicalpsychosomatice身心的chromosome染色體36精神mindpsycho-mentalpsychology心理學(xué)psychosis精神病TableTable2Examplesofdiseasedstates（部分病態(tài)術(shù)語）TableTable2Examplesofdiseasedstates（部分病態(tài)術(shù)語）含義詞跟/前/后綴例如37病patho--pathypathogen病原體/pathology病理學(xué)encephalopathy月腦病38病態(tài)-osisneurosis/神經(jīng)病/tuberculosis結(jié)核39增多-osisleukocytosis白細胞增多癥40減少-peniapancytopenia全血細胞減少41炎癥-itisarthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎/hepatitis肝炎42腫塊-omalymphoma淋巴瘤/carcinoma癌43疼痛-algia-algesiaarthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛/analgesia止痛44血癥-emialeukemia白血病/bacteremia菌血癥45麻痹-plegiahemiplegia偏癱/myoplegia肌肉麻痹46壞死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝壞死/necrotic壞死的47不良mal-malnutrition營養(yǎng)不良/malfunction功能障礙，48流出-rrheadiarrhea腹瀉/menorrhea月經(jīng)49困難/障礙dys-dysfunction功能障礙/dyspnea呼吸困難/dysuria排尿困難50無aan-atypical不典型的/asymptomatic無癥月狀的/anuria無尿/analgesia止痛51復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria多尿/polyopia視物顯多癥52巨-megalysplenomegaly脾大/acromegaly肢端肥大癥53結(jié)石litho-lithcholelithes膽結(jié)石/lithiasis結(jié)石病54硬化-sclerosisAthrosclerosis動脈粥樣硬化/arteriosclerosis動脈硬化Table3Examplesofsurgicalterminology〔部分外科術(shù)語〕含義前/后綴例如55切除-ectomygastrectomy胃切除56切開-otomycraniotomy開顱手術(shù)57造口/吻合-stomycolostomy結(jié)腸造口58整〔矯〕形ortho-orthopedics骨科59造影、描繪-graphyangiography血管造影/radiography拍片60經(jīng)…/橫向trans-transurethral經(jīng)尿道的 /transcutaneous經(jīng)皮的 /TableTable4Examplesofdirectionsandpositions（部分方向位置）transfusion輸血61成形-plastyesophagoplasty食道成形術(shù)含義普通前/后綴例如62上Upper,superiorepi-,supra-epigastric上腹部的/supraclavicular鎖骨上的63下lower,inferiorinfra-,sub-subclavicular鎖骨下的/inferiorvenacava下腔靜脈64前front,anterior,priorfore-, ante,pre-,antero,forehead前額 /anteroposterior前后的/正位的65后back,posterior,rearpost-,retro-,postero-postprandial餐后的/retroperitoneal腹膜后的66內(nèi)inner,internalIn-,intra,endo,ento-Inhalation吸入 /endoscope內(nèi)窺鏡/intracranial顱內(nèi)的67外outer,externalex-,exo-extract提取/excretion排泄/exocardial心外的68側(cè)lateralbilateral雙側(cè)的/unilateral單側(cè)的/contralateral對側(cè)的69旁/副adjacent,appendixpara-parathyroid甲狀旁腺/paracancer癌旁70周peripheral,aroundperi-Perioperative圍術(shù)的/perinatal圍產(chǎn)的71間betweeninter-intercostal肋間的/intercedllular細胞間的72中心Centralcentro-,centri-centrifuge離心/centronucleus中心核Table5Examplesofcellsandcolors〔部分細胞與顏色〕含義詞根/前/后綴例如73色chromo/cromochromosome染色體/cromolyn色苷酸鈉74紅erythroerythrocyte紅細胞/erythromycin紅霉素75白Leukoleukocyte白細胞/leukemia白血病76黑MelanoMelanoma黑色素瘤/melena黑便77青、藍Cyanocyanosis紫紺78淋巴lymphlymphocyte淋巴細胞/lymphoma淋巴瘤79粒Granulogranulocyte粒細月包/granulocytosis粒細胞增多80成細blastfibroblast成纖細胞胞81網(wǎng)狀Reticuloreticulocyte網(wǎng)狀細胞82嗜堿的basi,baso,alkalobasophil嗜堿性粒細胞83嗜酸的eosino,acidoeosinocyte,eosinophil嗜酸性粒細胞84凝血的Thrombothrombocyte凝血細胞〔=血小板platelet〕TableTable6Examplesofcompounds（部分化合物）TableTable6Examplesofcompounds（部分化合物）含義前/后綴例如85〔酸〕鹽-atesulfate硫酸鹽/nitrate硝酸鹽86醇-olalcohol酒精/taxol紫杉醇/ethanol乙醇87醛-almethylal甲縮醛/retinal視黃醛88糖-saccharide,glyco-,gluco-,saccharo-glycogen糖原/glucose葡萄糖/saccharide糖/polysaccharide多糖89酶-asetransaminase轉(zhuǎn)氨酶/reductase復(fù)原酶90素-inheparin肝素/nuclein核素91原-genantigen抗原/collagen膠原92苯基/酚phenol-Phenol酚〔石炭酸〕/phenate酚鹽93氨基amino-Aminoacid氨基酸/aninosuria氨尿Table7Exam