Dr.Prof.WANGShuminInternationalLaw國際公法〔導(dǎo)讀本〕——21世紀(jì)法學(xué)系列教材總主編：曾憲義編著：[英]TIMHILLIER編注：楊澤偉出版社：中國人民大學(xué)出版社ISBN：7300063160價格：原價：45元優(yōu)惠價：38.3元85折ISBN出版時間：2005-3第1版印刷時間：2005-3第1次印刷PrinciplesofInternationalLawTIMHILLIERPreface1.Goals1.Internationalstafftest2.NationalJudicialExaminationThereare44marksinInternationallaws,whichisat7%ofall.Internationalpubliclawmaybe12marks，whichisat2%ofall.Internationalprivatelawisabout16scores,whichisat2.7%.Internationaleconomiclawusuallytakes16makes，whichisat2.7%。1.IntroductiontoInternationalPublicLaw1.1defenitionInternationallawconcernsthestructureandconductofsovereignstates;analogousentities,suchastheHolySee;andintergovernmentalorganizations.

PopeinRoma

1.2Historicaldevelopment

Theiusgentiumorjusgentium(Latin,"lawofnations")isaconceptofinternationallawwithintheancientRomanlegalsystemandtheWesternlawtraditionsbasedonorinfluencedbyit.ThePeaceofWestphaliawasaseriesofpeacetreatiessignedbetweenMayandOctober1648.ThesetreatiesendedtheThirtyYears'War(1618–1648)intheHolyRomanEmpire,andtheEightyYears'War(1568–1648)betweenSpainandtheDutchRepublic,withSpainformallyrecognizingtheindependenceoftheDutchRepublic.GrotiusOppenheim(March30,1858–October7,1919)wasarenownedGermanjurist.Heisregardedbymanyasthefatherofthemoderndisciplineofinternationallaw.TheissueatstakewasTurkey'sjurisdictiontotryMonsieurDemons,theFrenchofficeronwatchdutyatthetimeofthecollision.Sincethecollisionoccurredonthehighseas,Franceclaimedthatonlythestatewhoseflagthevesselflewhadexclusivejurisdictionoverthematter.theCourt,therefore,rejectedFrance'sposition.1.3thenatureofpublicinternationallawtheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsasauniformofinternationaltrade；CISG1.4Isinternational

lawreallylaw?

InternationallawisalawofcoordinationNaturallaw(Latin:lexnaturalis),isasystemoflawthatispurportedlydeterminedbynature,andthusuniversal.Itiscontrastedwiththepositivelaw(meaning"man-madelaw",ofagivenpoliticalcommunity,society,ornation-state.Nomorethanindividualsdostatesdefendtheirviolationsbyclaimingthattheyareabovethelaw.Statesdefendtheirviolationsbyclaimingthattheyareabovethelawnomorethanindividuals.1.5theenforcementofinternationallawChinaandRussiaoverruledjointlyaresolutionofsecuritycouncilaboutSyrianNaturallawiscontrastedwiththepositivelaw(meaning"man-madelaw",ofagivenpoliticalcommunity,society,ornation-state.TheInternationalCriminalCourthaslaunchedapreliminaryinvestigationintoallegationsthatNorthKoreanforcescommittedwarcrimeswhentheyshelledcivilianareasinSouthKoreaandallegedlysankaSouthKoreanwarshipinDec.,2021.一位奧地利企業(yè)家因涉嫌向朝鮮出售價值約330萬歐元〔約合3千萬元人民幣〕的奢侈品，奧地利維也納法院于當(dāng)?shù)貢r間12月7日以涉嫌違反?聯(lián)合國對朝鮮制裁〔禁止貿(mào)易〕決議案?為由，對本國一位男企業(yè)家處以330萬歐元罰款，并判有期徒刑9個月緩期執(zhí)行2021S-Brabus。Azimut-BenettiInternationalCourtofJusticeFormalsource2.Sourcesof

internationallawMaterialsourceArticle38(1)ofthe1946StatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeMajorsourceinternationalconventionsinternationalcustom

generalprinciplesArticle38(1)ofthe1946StatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJusticesubsidiarysourcejudicialdecisionshighlyqualifiedjuristicwritings2.1Treaties①TheCourtdeliveredjudgment,by11votesto6.Thedispute,whichwassubmittedtotheCourton20February1967,relatedtothedelimitationofthecontinentalshelf.Theequidistanceprinciplewasnotanecessaryconsequenceofthegeneralconceptofcontinentalshelfrights,andwasnotaruleofcustomaryinternationallaw.②Caseofthe"Wimbledon"Thevessel,havingbeencharteredinthemannerindicated,hadtakenonboardatSalonica4,200tonsofmunitionsandartillerystoresconsignedtothePolishNavalBaseatDanzig.OnthemorningofMarch21st,1921,itpresenteditselfattheentrancetotheKielCanal,buttheDirectorofCanalTrafficrefusedtoallowittopass,basinghisrefusalupontheneutralityOrdersissuedbyGermanyinconnectionwiththeRusso-Polishwar.TypeofAgreementBilateralPlaceofSignatureBrusselsAgreementonmaritimetransportbetweentheEuropeanCommunityanditsMemberStates,oftheonepart,andthegovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,oftheotherpart2.2Custom2.2.1definitionThecustomlawisuniformlyorcontinuouslyandrepeatedlyexecutedsufficientlytodemonstratethatthecustomwasofagenerally-applicableacquiescence.Keepnarrowandstraight.AsylumCase(Colombiav.Peru)TheColombianAmbassadorinLima,PerúallowedTorre,headoftheAmericanPeople'sRevolutionaryAlliancesanctuaryafterhisfactionlostaonedaycivilwarinPeruon3October1948.TheColombiangovernmentgrantedhimasylum,butthePeruviangovernmentrefusedtogranthimsafepassageoutofPeru.TheICJheldthattheU.S.in1984hadviolatedinternationallawbysupportingtheContrasintheirrebellionagainsttheNicaraguangovernmentandbyminingNicaragua'sharbors.TheCourtfoundinitsverdictthattheUnitedStateswas"inbreachofitsobligationsundercustomaryinternationallaw1.nottouseforceagainstanotherState",2."nottointerveneinitsaffairs",3."nottoviolateitssovereignty",4.“nottointerruptpeacefulmaritimecommerce",優(yōu)秀人才OpiniojurisStatepracticeJuscogens2.2.2categoriescharacterMaterialelementPsychologicalelementStatepracticeOpiniojurissivenecessitatis("anopinionoflawornecessity“)JuscogenswarcrimescrimesagainsthumanityPiracyGenocideApartheidslaveryandtorture.Racialsegregationoftherulingpartyfrom1948to1994inSouthAfricabeganincolonialtimesunderDutchandBritishrule.2.3generalprincipleoflaw2.3.1definitionAnon-liqutesituationwasmorelikelytoariseininternationallawandformula“generalprinciple〞wouldpluganygaps.GoodfaithCorporatepersonalityestoppelActiopopularis2.3.2categoriesAnactiopopulariswasanactioninRomanpenallawbroughtbyamemberofthepublicintheinterestofpublicordersuchasoilpollution.EstoppelinEnglishlawisadoctrinethatmaybeusedincertainsituationstopreventapersonfromrelyinguponcertainrights,oruponasetoffacts(e.g.wordssaidoractionsperformed)whichisdifferentfromanearliersetoffacts.In1937,HighTreesHouseLtdleasedablockofflatsinClapham,London,forarate￡2500/yearfromCentralLondonPropertyTrustLtd.DuetotheconditionsduringthebeginningofWorldWarIIoccupancyratesweredrasticallylowerthannormal.Overthenextfiveyears,HighTreespaidthereducedratewhiletheflatsbegantofill,andby1945,theflatswerebackatfulloccupancy.CentralLondonsuedforpaymentofthefullrentalcostsfromJune1945onwards(i.e.forlasttwoquartersof1945).DenningJ(1899.1.23-1999.3.5)essentiallycreatedthedoctrineofpromissoryestoppelinequitylawfromestoppedbyrepresentationincommonlaw.thepowerofthearbitratorstodispensewithconsiderationofthelawandconsidersolelywhattheyconsidertobefairandequitableinthecaseathandLatinforaccordingtothe“rightandgood"or"fromequityandconscience〞.exaequoetbono2.4judicialdecision2.4.1definitionItisthedeterminationbyacourtofcompetentjurisdictiononmatterssubmittedtoit.2.4.2staredecisisIncommonlawlegalsystems,aprecedentorauthorityisaprincipleorruleestablishedinapreviouslegalcasethatiseitherbindingonorpersuasiveforacourtorothertribunalwhendecidingsubsequentcaseswithsimilarissuesorfacts.2.5Theteachingofthemosthighlyqualifiedpublicsofthevariousnations2.6otherpossiblesourcesResolutionsofgeneralassemblyinUNSpecializedagenciesoftheUNSoftlawandjuscogensOanaStefan,TheJudicializationofSoftLaw,DraftpapertobepresentedattheEdinburghUniversityStudents’Association(EUSA)TwelfthBiennialInternationalConference,Boston3-5March2021通告〔circular〕準(zhǔn)那么〔code〕交流〔communication〕結(jié)論〔conclusion〕聲明〔declaration〕戒律〔discipline〕框架〔framework〕指南〔guidancenote〕指導(dǎo)〔guide〕指導(dǎo)方針〔guideline〕信函〔letter〕備忘錄〔memorandum〕公告〔notice〕意見〔opinion〕建議〔recommendation〕報告〔report〕決議〔resolution〕Shenzhenspecialeconomiczonetoacceleratetransformationofthemodeofeconomicdevelopmentpromotion?深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)加快經(jīng)濟(jì)開展方式轉(zhuǎn)變促進(jìn)條例?11/51．關(guān)于法的淵源和法律部門，以下哪些判斷是正確的?A．自治條例和單行條例是地方國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性文件B．行政法部門就是由國務(wù)院制定的行政法規(guī)構(gòu)成的C．國際公法是中國特色社會主義法律體系的組成局部D．劃分法律部門的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是法律標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所調(diào)整的社會關(guān)系A(chǔ)D3.Thelawoftreaties3.1definitionoftreatyAtreatyisanexpressagreementunderinternationallawenteredintobyactorsininternationallaw,namelysovereignstatesandinternationalorganizations.Atreatymayalsobeknownasan(international)agreement,protocol,covenant,conventionorexchangeofletters,amongotherterms.3.2sourcesoftreaty1VCT1969

2VCS19783VCIO1986

3.3conclusionandentryintoforceoftreaties3.2.1accreditingofnegotiators03/20.甲某為A國國家總統(tǒng)，乙某為B國國家副總統(tǒng)，丙某為C國政府總理，丁某為D國外交部長。根據(jù)條約法公約規(guī)定，上述四人在參加國際條約談判時，哪一個需要出示其所代表國家頒發(fā)的全權(quán)證書？A.甲某B.乙某C.丙某D.丁某解析：根據(jù)?維也納條約法公約?第7條，國家元首、政府首腦和外交部長談判締約，或使館館長議定派遣國和接受國之間的條約約文，或國家向國際會議或國際組織或其機(jī)關(guān)之一派遣的代表，在議定該會議、組織或機(jī)關(guān)中的一個條約約文時，由于他們所任職務(wù)，無須出具全權(quán)證書。故不選A、C、D項。InternationalInstitutefortheUnificationofPrivateLaw(UNIDROIT)ConventiononInternationalFactoringFrance

07-11-8923-09-9101-05-95Germany21-12-9020-05-9801-12-98Belgium

CzechoslovakiaFinland

STATESIGNATURERATIFICATIONENTRYINTOFORCE21-12-9016-05-9030-11-90Italy13-12-9029-11-9301-05-95Latvia06-08-9701-03-98GhanaGuineaHungarySTATESIGNATURE

RATIFICATION

ENTRYINTOFORCE28-05-8828-05-8807-05-9601-12-96Philippines28-05-88UnitedKingdom

31-12-9001-03-98Morocco

Nigeria

STATESIGNATURE

RATIFICATION

ENTRYINTOFORCE04-07-88

28-05-88

25-10-9401-05-95UnitedStatesofAmerica

28-12-90Tanzania

28-05-8805/30.甲國建議并一直參與某多邊國際公約的制訂，甲國總統(tǒng)與其他各國代表一道簽署了該公約的最后文本。根據(jù)該公約的規(guī)定，只有在2/3以上簽字國經(jīng)其國內(nèi)程序予以批準(zhǔn)并向公約保存國交存批準(zhǔn)書后，該公約才生效。但甲國議會經(jīng)過辯論，拒絕批準(zhǔn)該公約。根據(jù)國際法的有關(guān)規(guī)那么，以下哪一項判斷是正確的？A.甲國議會的做法違反國際法B.甲國政府如果不能交存批準(zhǔn)書，將會導(dǎo)致其國際法上的國家責(zé)任C.甲國簽署了該公約，所以該公約在國際法上已經(jīng)對甲國產(chǎn)生了條約的拘束力D.由于甲國拒絕批準(zhǔn)該公約，即使該公約本身在國際法上生效，其對甲國也不產(chǎn)生條約的拘束力此題中雖然甲國總統(tǒng)簽署了條約，但國家沒有批準(zhǔn)其所簽署條約的義務(wù)，因此甲國議會不批準(zhǔn)公約不違反國際法，也不會導(dǎo)致國家責(zé)任。AB錯誤。國際法上，條約生效的日期和方式一般依照條約的規(guī)定，或依照各談判國的約定。根據(jù)題干，該公約只有在2/3簽字國經(jīng)其國內(nèi)程序予以批準(zhǔn)并向公約保存國交存批準(zhǔn)書后才生效，因此僅簽署條約并不意味著該公約在國際法上已經(jīng)對甲國產(chǎn)生了條約的拘束力，因此D正確，C錯誤。3.3ReservationstheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsasauniformofinternationaltrade；CISGArticle11Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.

09/29．甲、乙、丙國同為一開放性多邊條約締約國，現(xiàn)丁國要求參加該條約。四國均為?維也納條約法公約?締約國。丁國對該條約中的一些條款提出保存，以下哪一判斷是正確的？A．對于丁國提出的保存，甲、乙、丙國必須接受B．丁國只能在該條約尚未生效時提出保存C．該條約對丁國生效后，丁國仍然可以提出保存D．丁國的參加可以在該條約生效之前或生效之后進(jìn)行DLAWOFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINAONTHEPROCEDUREOFTHECONCLUSIONOFTREATIESArticle3TheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashalldecideontheratificationandabrogationoftreatiesandimportantagreementsconcludedwithforeignstates.12/74.中國參與某項民商事司法協(xié)助多邊條約的談判并簽署了該條約，以下哪些表述是正確的?A.中國簽署該條約后有義務(wù)批準(zhǔn)該條約B.該條約須由全國人大常委會決定批準(zhǔn)C.對該條約規(guī)定禁止保存的條款，中國在批準(zhǔn)時不得保存D.如該條約獲得批準(zhǔn)，對于該條約與國內(nèi)法有不同規(guī)定的局部，在中國國內(nèi)可以直接適用，但中國聲明保存的條款除外3.4Applicationoftreaties3.4.1Pactasuntservanda3.4.2successivetreatiesArticle30intheViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969〔VCT〕p3882.Whenatreatyspecifiesthatitissubjectto,orthatitisnottobeconsideredasincompatiblewith,anearlierorlatertreaty,theprovisionsofthatothertreatyprevail.04/33.甲乙丙三國訂有貿(mào)易條約。后甲乙兩國又達(dá)成了新的貿(mào)易條約，其中許多規(guī)定與三國前述條約有沖突。新約中規(guī)定，舊約被新約取代。甲乙兩國均為?維也納條約法公約?的締約國。根據(jù)條約法，以下判斷哪一項為哪一項錯誤的？A.舊約尚未失效B.新約不能完全取代舊約C.新約須經(jīng)丙國成認(rèn)方能生效D.丙國與甲乙兩國間適用舊約答案C3.4.3TreatiesandthirdpartiesArticle34intheViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969〔VCT〕p389Article35TreatiesprovidingforobligationsforthirdStatesAnobligationarisesforathirdStatefromaprovisionofatreatyifthepartiestothetreatyintendtheprovisiontobethemeansofestablishingtheobligationandthethirdStateexpresslyacceptsthatobligationinwriting.Article36TreatiesprovidingforrightsforthirdStates1.ArightarisesforathirdStatefromaprovisionofatreatyifthepartiestothetreatyintendtheprovisiontoaccordthatrighteithertothethirdState,ortoagroupofStatestowhichitbelongs,ortoallStates,andthethirdStateassentsthereto.Itsassentshallbepresumedsolongasthecontraryisnotindicated,unlessthetreatyotherwiseprovides.2.AStateexercisingarightinaccordancewithparagraph1shallcomplywiththeconditionsforitsexerciseprovidedforinthetreatyorestablishedinconformitywiththetreaty.Article37RevocationormodificationofobligationsorrightsofthirdStates1.WhenanobligationhasarisenforathirdStateinconformitywitharticle35,theobligationmayberevokedormodifiedonlywiththeconsentofthepartiestothetreatyandofthethirdState,unlessitisestablishedthattheyhadotherwiseagreed.2.WhenarighthasarisenforathirdStateinconformitywitharticle36,therightmaynotberevokedormodifiedbythepartiesifitisestablishedthattherightwasintendednottoberevocableorsubjecttomodificationwithouttheconsentofthethirdState.Article38Rulesinatreatybecomingbindingonthi